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str ::
Class str
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<!-- ==================== CLASS DESCRIPTION ==================== -->
<h1 class="epydoc">Class str</h1><p class="nomargin-top"></p>
<pre class="base-tree">
object --+
|
basestring --+
|
<strong class="uidshort">str</strong>
</pre>
<dl><dt>Known Subclasses:</dt>
<dd>
<ul class="subclass-list">
<li class="private"><a href="lxml.etree._ElementStringResult-class.html" onclick="show_private();">lxml.etree._ElementStringResult</a></li><li>, <a href="lxml.html.diff.token-class.html">lxml.html.diff.token</a></li> </ul>
</dd></dl>
<hr />
<p>str(object='') -> string</p>
<p>Return a nice string representation of the object.
If the argument is a string, the return value is the same object.</p>
<!-- ==================== INSTANCE METHODS ==================== -->
<a name="section-InstanceMethods"></a>
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<td align="left"><span class="table-header">Instance Methods</span></td>
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<td width="15%" align="right" valign="top" class="summary">
<span class="summary-type"> </span>
</td><td class="summary">
<table width="100%" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0">
<tr>
<td><span class="summary-sig"><a name="__add__"></a><span class="summary-sig-name">__add__</span>(<span class="summary-sig-arg">x</span>,
<span class="summary-sig-arg">y</span>)</span><br />
x+y</td>
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</td>
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</td>
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<tr>
<td width="15%" align="right" valign="top" class="summary">
<span class="summary-type"> </span>
</td><td class="summary">
<table width="100%" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0">
<tr>
<td><span class="summary-sig"><a name="__contains__"></a><span class="summary-sig-name">__contains__</span>(<span class="summary-sig-arg">x</span>,
<span class="summary-sig-arg">y</span>)</span><br />
y in x</td>
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</td>
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</td>
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<td width="15%" align="right" valign="top" class="summary">
<span class="summary-type"> </span>
</td><td class="summary">
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<tr>
<td><span class="summary-sig"><a name="__eq__"></a><span class="summary-sig-name">__eq__</span>(<span class="summary-sig-arg">x</span>,
<span class="summary-sig-arg">y</span>)</span><br />
x==y</td>
<td align="right" valign="top">
</td>
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</td>
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<td width="15%" align="right" valign="top" class="summary">
<span class="summary-type">string</span>
</td><td class="summary">
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<td><span class="summary-sig"><a href="str-class.html#__format__" class="summary-sig-name">__format__</a>(<span class="summary-sig-arg">S</span>,
<span class="summary-sig-arg">format_spec</span>)</span><br />
Return a formatted version of S as described by format_spec.</td>
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</td>
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</td>
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<td width="15%" align="right" valign="top" class="summary">
<span class="summary-type"> </span>
</td><td class="summary">
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<td><span class="summary-sig"><a name="__ge__"></a><span class="summary-sig-name">__ge__</span>(<span class="summary-sig-arg">x</span>,
<span class="summary-sig-arg">y</span>)</span><br />
x>=y</td>
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</td>
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</td>
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<td width="15%" align="right" valign="top" class="summary">
<span class="summary-type"> </span>
</td><td class="summary">
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<tr>
<td><span class="summary-sig"><a href="str-class.html#__getattribute__" class="summary-sig-name">__getattribute__</a>(<span class="summary-sig-arg">...</span>)</span><br />
x.__getattribute__('name') <==> x.name</td>
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<td width="15%" align="right" valign="top" class="summary">
<span class="summary-type"> </span>
</td><td class="summary">
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<tr>
<td><span class="summary-sig"><a name="__getitem__"></a><span class="summary-sig-name">__getitem__</span>(<span class="summary-sig-arg">x</span>,
<span class="summary-sig-arg">y</span>)</span><br />
x[y]</td>
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</td>
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</td>
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<td width="15%" align="right" valign="top" class="summary">
<span class="summary-type"> </span>
</td><td class="summary">
<table width="100%" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0">
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<td><span class="summary-sig"><a name="__getnewargs__"></a><span class="summary-sig-name">__getnewargs__</span>(<span class="summary-sig-arg">...</span>)</span></td>
<td align="right" valign="top">
</td>
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</table>
</td>
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<td width="15%" align="right" valign="top" class="summary">
<span class="summary-type"> </span>
</td><td class="summary">
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<tr>
<td><span class="summary-sig"><a href="str-class.html#__getslice__" class="summary-sig-name">__getslice__</a>(<span class="summary-sig-arg">x</span>,
<span class="summary-sig-arg">i</span>,
<span class="summary-sig-arg">j</span>)</span><br />
x[i:j]</td>
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</td>
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</td>
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<td width="15%" align="right" valign="top" class="summary">
<span class="summary-type"> </span>
</td><td class="summary">
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<tr>
<td><span class="summary-sig"><a name="__gt__"></a><span class="summary-sig-name">__gt__</span>(<span class="summary-sig-arg">x</span>,
<span class="summary-sig-arg">y</span>)</span><br />
x>y</td>
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</td>
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</td>
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<td width="15%" align="right" valign="top" class="summary">
<span class="summary-type"> </span>
</td><td class="summary">
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<tr>
<td><span class="summary-sig"><a href="str-class.html#__hash__" class="summary-sig-name">__hash__</a>(<span class="summary-sig-arg">x</span>)</span><br />
hash(x)</td>
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</td>
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</table>
</td>
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<td width="15%" align="right" valign="top" class="summary">
<span class="summary-type"> </span>
</td><td class="summary">
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<tr>
<td><span class="summary-sig"><a name="__le__"></a><span class="summary-sig-name">__le__</span>(<span class="summary-sig-arg">x</span>,
<span class="summary-sig-arg">y</span>)</span><br />
x<=y</td>
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</td>
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</td>
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<td width="15%" align="right" valign="top" class="summary">
<span class="summary-type"> </span>
</td><td class="summary">
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<td><span class="summary-sig"><a name="__len__"></a><span class="summary-sig-name">__len__</span>(<span class="summary-sig-arg">x</span>)</span><br />
len(x)</td>
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</td>
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</td>
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<td width="15%" align="right" valign="top" class="summary">
<span class="summary-type"> </span>
</td><td class="summary">
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<tr>
<td><span class="summary-sig"><a name="__lt__"></a><span class="summary-sig-name">__lt__</span>(<span class="summary-sig-arg">x</span>,
<span class="summary-sig-arg">y</span>)</span><br />
x<y</td>
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</td>
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</td>
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<td width="15%" align="right" valign="top" class="summary">
<span class="summary-type"> </span>
</td><td class="summary">
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<tr>
<td><span class="summary-sig"><a name="__mod__"></a><span class="summary-sig-name">__mod__</span>(<span class="summary-sig-arg">x</span>,
<span class="summary-sig-arg">y</span>)</span><br />
x%y</td>
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</td>
</tr>
</table>
</td>
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<tr>
<td width="15%" align="right" valign="top" class="summary">
<span class="summary-type"> </span>
</td><td class="summary">
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<tr>
<td><span class="summary-sig"><a name="__mul__"></a><span class="summary-sig-name">__mul__</span>(<span class="summary-sig-arg">x</span>,
<span class="summary-sig-arg">n</span>)</span><br />
x*n</td>
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</td>
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</table>
</td>
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<td width="15%" align="right" valign="top" class="summary">
<span class="summary-type"> </span>
</td><td class="summary">
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<tr>
<td><span class="summary-sig"><a name="__ne__"></a><span class="summary-sig-name">__ne__</span>(<span class="summary-sig-arg">x</span>,
<span class="summary-sig-arg">y</span>)</span><br />
x!=y</td>
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</td>
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<td width="15%" align="right" valign="top" class="summary">
<span class="summary-type">a new object with type S, a subtype of T</span>
</td><td class="summary">
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<tr>
<td><span class="summary-sig"><a href="str-class.html#__new__" class="summary-sig-name">__new__</a>(<span class="summary-sig-arg">T</span>,
<span class="summary-sig-arg">S</span>,
<span class="summary-sig-arg">...</span>)</span></td>
<td align="right" valign="top">
</td>
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</td>
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<td width="15%" align="right" valign="top" class="summary">
<span class="summary-type"> </span>
</td><td class="summary">
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<tr>
<td><span class="summary-sig"><a href="str-class.html#__repr__" class="summary-sig-name">__repr__</a>(<span class="summary-sig-arg">x</span>)</span><br />
repr(x)</td>
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</td>
</tr>
</table>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="15%" align="right" valign="top" class="summary">
<span class="summary-type"> </span>
</td><td class="summary">
<table width="100%" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0">
<tr>
<td><span class="summary-sig"><a name="__rmod__"></a><span class="summary-sig-name">__rmod__</span>(<span class="summary-sig-arg">x</span>,
<span class="summary-sig-arg">y</span>)</span><br />
y%x</td>
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</td>
</tr>
</table>
</td>
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<td width="15%" align="right" valign="top" class="summary">
<span class="summary-type"> </span>
</td><td class="summary">
<table width="100%" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0">
<tr>
<td><span class="summary-sig"><a name="__rmul__"></a><span class="summary-sig-name">__rmul__</span>(<span class="summary-sig-arg">x</span>,
<span class="summary-sig-arg">n</span>)</span><br />
n*x</td>
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</td>
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</table>
</td>
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<td width="15%" align="right" valign="top" class="summary">
<span class="summary-type">size of S in memory, in bytes</span>
</td><td class="summary">
<table width="100%" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0">
<tr>
<td><span class="summary-sig"><a href="str-class.html#__sizeof__" class="summary-sig-name">__sizeof__</a>(<span class="summary-sig-arg">S</span>)</span><br />
size of object in memory, in bytes</td>
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</td>
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</table>
</td>
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<td width="15%" align="right" valign="top" class="summary">
<span class="summary-type"> </span>
</td><td class="summary">
<table width="100%" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0">
<tr>
<td><span class="summary-sig"><a href="str-class.html#__str__" class="summary-sig-name">__str__</a>(<span class="summary-sig-arg">x</span>)</span><br />
str(x)</td>
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</td>
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</table>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="private">
<td width="15%" align="right" valign="top" class="summary">
<span class="summary-type"> </span>
</td><td class="summary">
<table width="100%" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0">
<tr>
<td><span class="summary-sig"><a name="_formatter_field_name_split"></a><span class="summary-sig-name">_formatter_field_name_split</span>(<span class="summary-sig-arg">...</span>)</span></td>
<td align="right" valign="top">
</td>
</tr>
</table>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="private">
<td width="15%" align="right" valign="top" class="summary">
<span class="summary-type"> </span>
</td><td class="summary">
<table width="100%" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0">
<tr>
<td><span class="summary-sig"><a name="_formatter_parser"></a><span class="summary-sig-name">_formatter_parser</span>(<span class="summary-sig-arg">...</span>)</span></td>
<td align="right" valign="top">
</td>
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</table>
</td>
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<tr>
<td width="15%" align="right" valign="top" class="summary">
<span class="summary-type">string</span>
</td><td class="summary">
<table width="100%" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0">
<tr>
<td><span class="summary-sig"><a name="capitalize"></a><span class="summary-sig-name">capitalize</span>(<span class="summary-sig-arg">S</span>)</span><br />
Return a copy of the string S with only its first character
capitalized.</td>
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</td>
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</table>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="15%" align="right" valign="top" class="summary">
<span class="summary-type">string</span>
</td><td class="summary">
<table width="100%" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0">
<tr>
<td><span class="summary-sig"><a name="center"></a><span class="summary-sig-name">center</span>(<span class="summary-sig-arg">S</span>,
<span class="summary-sig-arg">width</span>,
<span class="summary-sig-arg">fillchar</span>=<span class="summary-sig-default">...</span>)</span><br />
Return S centered in a string of length width. Padding is
done using the specified fill character (default is a space)</td>
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</td>
</tr>
</table>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="15%" align="right" valign="top" class="summary">
<span class="summary-type">int</span>
</td><td class="summary">
<table width="100%" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0">
<tr>
<td><span class="summary-sig"><a name="count"></a><span class="summary-sig-name">count</span>(<span class="summary-sig-arg">S</span>,
<span class="summary-sig-arg">sub</span>,
<span class="summary-sig-arg">start</span>=<span class="summary-sig-default">...</span>,
<span class="summary-sig-arg">end</span>=<span class="summary-sig-default">...</span>)</span><br />
Return the number of non-overlapping occurrences of substring sub in
string S[start:end]. Optional arguments start and end are interpreted
as in slice notation.</td>
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</td>
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</table>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="15%" align="right" valign="top" class="summary">
<span class="summary-type">object</span>
</td><td class="summary">
<table width="100%" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0">
<tr>
<td><span class="summary-sig"><a name="decode"></a><span class="summary-sig-name">decode</span>(<span class="summary-sig-arg">S</span>,
<span class="summary-sig-arg">encoding</span>=<span class="summary-sig-default">...</span>,
<span class="summary-sig-arg">errors</span>=<span class="summary-sig-default">...</span>)</span><br />
Decodes S using the codec registered for encoding. encoding defaults
to the default encoding. errors may be given to set a different error
handling scheme. Default is 'strict' meaning that encoding errors raise
a UnicodeDecodeError. Other possible values are 'ignore' and 'replace'
as well as any other name registered with codecs.register_error that is
able to handle UnicodeDecodeErrors.</td>
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</td>
</tr>
</table>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="15%" align="right" valign="top" class="summary">
<span class="summary-type">object</span>
</td><td class="summary">
<table width="100%" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0">
<tr>
<td><span class="summary-sig"><a name="encode"></a><span class="summary-sig-name">encode</span>(<span class="summary-sig-arg">S</span>,
<span class="summary-sig-arg">encoding</span>=<span class="summary-sig-default">...</span>,
<span class="summary-sig-arg">errors</span>=<span class="summary-sig-default">...</span>)</span><br />
Encodes S using the codec registered for encoding. encoding defaults
to the default encoding. errors may be given to set a different error
handling scheme. Default is 'strict' meaning that encoding errors raise
a UnicodeEncodeError. Other possible values are 'ignore', 'replace' and
'xmlcharrefreplace' as well as any other name registered with
codecs.register_error that is able to handle UnicodeEncodeErrors.</td>
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</td>
</tr>
</table>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="15%" align="right" valign="top" class="summary">
<span class="summary-type">bool</span>
</td><td class="summary">
<table width="100%" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0">
<tr>
<td><span class="summary-sig"><a name="endswith"></a><span class="summary-sig-name">endswith</span>(<span class="summary-sig-arg">S</span>,
<span class="summary-sig-arg">suffix</span>,
<span class="summary-sig-arg">start</span>=<span class="summary-sig-default">...</span>,
<span class="summary-sig-arg">end</span>=<span class="summary-sig-default">...</span>)</span><br />
Return True if S ends with the specified suffix, False otherwise.
With optional start, test S beginning at that position.
With optional end, stop comparing S at that position.
suffix can also be a tuple of strings to try.</td>
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</td>
</tr>
</table>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="15%" align="right" valign="top" class="summary">
<span class="summary-type">string</span>
</td><td class="summary">
<table width="100%" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0">
<tr>
<td><span class="summary-sig"><a name="expandtabs"></a><span class="summary-sig-name">expandtabs</span>(<span class="summary-sig-arg">S</span>,
<span class="summary-sig-arg">tabsize</span>=<span class="summary-sig-default">...</span>)</span><br />
Return a copy of S where all tab characters are expanded using spaces.
If tabsize is not given, a tab size of 8 characters is assumed.</td>
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</td>
</tr>
</table>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="15%" align="right" valign="top" class="summary">
<span class="summary-type">int</span>
</td><td class="summary">
<table width="100%" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0">
<tr>
<td><span class="summary-sig"><a href="str-class.html#find" class="summary-sig-name">find</a>(<span class="summary-sig-arg">S</span>,
<span class="summary-sig-arg">sub</span>,
<span class="summary-sig-arg">start</span>=<span class="summary-sig-default">... </span>,
<span class="summary-sig-arg">end</span>=<span class="summary-sig-default">...</span>)</span><br />
Return the lowest index in S where substring sub is found,
such that sub is contained within S[start:end]. Optional
arguments start and end are interpreted as in slice notation.</td>
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</td>
</tr>
</table>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="15%" align="right" valign="top" class="summary">
<span class="summary-type">string</span>
</td><td class="summary">
<table width="100%" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0">
<tr>
<td><span class="summary-sig"><a name="format"></a><span class="summary-sig-name">format</span>(<span class="summary-sig-arg">S</span>,
<span class="summary-sig-arg">*args</span>,
<span class="summary-sig-arg">**kwargs</span>)</span><br />
Return a formatted version of S, using substitutions from args and kwargs.
The substitutions are identified by braces ('{' and '}').</td>
<td align="right" valign="top">
</td>
</tr>
</table>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="15%" align="right" valign="top" class="summary">
<span class="summary-type">int</span>
</td><td class="summary">
<table width="100%" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0">
<tr>
<td><span class="summary-sig"><a name="index"></a><span class="summary-sig-name">index</span>(<span class="summary-sig-arg">S</span>,
<span class="summary-sig-arg">sub</span>,
<span class="summary-sig-arg">start</span>=<span class="summary-sig-default">... </span>,
<span class="summary-sig-arg">end</span>=<span class="summary-sig-default">...</span>)</span><br />
Like S.find() but raise ValueError when the substring is not found.</td>
<td align="right" valign="top">
</td>
</tr>
</table>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="15%" align="right" valign="top" class="summary">
<span class="summary-type">bool</span>
</td><td class="summary">
<table width="100%" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0">
<tr>
<td><span class="summary-sig"><a name="isalnum"></a><span class="summary-sig-name">isalnum</span>(<span class="summary-sig-arg">S</span>)</span><br />
Return True if all characters in S are alphanumeric
and there is at least one character in S, False otherwise.</td>
<td align="right" valign="top">
</td>
</tr>
</table>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="15%" align="right" valign="top" class="summary">
<span class="summary-type">bool</span>
</td><td class="summary">
<table width="100%" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0">
<tr>
<td><span class="summary-sig"><a name="isalpha"></a><span class="summary-sig-name">isalpha</span>(<span class="summary-sig-arg">S</span>)</span><br />
Return True if all characters in S are alphabetic
and there is at least one character in S, False otherwise.</td>
<td align="right" valign="top">
</td>
</tr>
</table>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="15%" align="right" valign="top" class="summary">
<span class="summary-type">bool</span>
</td><td class="summary">
<table width="100%" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0">
<tr>
<td><span class="summary-sig"><a name="isdigit"></a><span class="summary-sig-name">isdigit</span>(<span class="summary-sig-arg">S</span>)</span><br />
Return True if all characters in S are digits
and there is at least one character in S, False otherwise.</td>
<td align="right" valign="top">
</td>
</tr>
</table>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="15%" align="right" valign="top" class="summary">
<span class="summary-type">bool</span>
</td><td class="summary">
<table width="100%" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0">
<tr>
<td><span class="summary-sig"><a name="islower"></a><span class="summary-sig-name">islower</span>(<span class="summary-sig-arg">S</span>)</span><br />
Return True if all cased characters in S are lowercase and there is
at least one cased character in S, False otherwise.</td>
<td align="right" valign="top">
</td>
</tr>
</table>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="15%" align="right" valign="top" class="summary">
<span class="summary-type">bool</span>
</td><td class="summary">
<table width="100%" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0">
<tr>
<td><span class="summary-sig"><a name="isspace"></a><span class="summary-sig-name">isspace</span>(<span class="summary-sig-arg">S</span>)</span><br />
Return True if all characters in S are whitespace
and there is at least one character in S, False otherwise.</td>
<td align="right" valign="top">
</td>
</tr>
</table>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="15%" align="right" valign="top" class="summary">
<span class="summary-type">bool</span>
</td><td class="summary">
<table width="100%" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0">
<tr>
<td><span class="summary-sig"><a name="istitle"></a><span class="summary-sig-name">istitle</span>(<span class="summary-sig-arg">S</span>)</span><br />
Return True if S is a titlecased string and there is at least one
character in S, i.e. uppercase characters may only follow uncased
characters and lowercase characters only cased ones. Return False
otherwise.</td>
<td align="right" valign="top">
</td>
</tr>
</table>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="15%" align="right" valign="top" class="summary">
<span class="summary-type">bool</span>
</td><td class="summary">
<table width="100%" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0">
<tr>
<td><span class="summary-sig"><a name="isupper"></a><span class="summary-sig-name">isupper</span>(<span class="summary-sig-arg">S</span>)</span><br />
Return True if all cased characters in S are uppercase and there is
at least one cased character in S, False otherwise.</td>
<td align="right" valign="top">
</td>
</tr>
</table>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="15%" align="right" valign="top" class="summary">
<span class="summary-type">string</span>
</td><td class="summary">
<table width="100%" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0">
<tr>
<td><span class="summary-sig"><a name="join"></a><span class="summary-sig-name">join</span>(<span class="summary-sig-arg">S</span>,
<span class="summary-sig-arg">iterable</span>)</span><br />
Return a string which is the concatenation of the strings in the
iterable. The separator between elements is S.</td>
<td align="right" valign="top">
</td>
</tr>
</table>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="15%" align="right" valign="top" class="summary">
<span class="summary-type">string</span>
</td><td class="summary">
<table width="100%" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0">
<tr>
<td><span class="summary-sig"><a name="ljust"></a><span class="summary-sig-name">ljust</span>(<span class="summary-sig-arg">S</span>,
<span class="summary-sig-arg">width</span>,
<span class="summary-sig-arg">fillchar</span>=<span class="summary-sig-default">...</span>)</span><br />
Return S left-justified in a string of length width. Padding is
done using the specified fill character (default is a space).</td>
<td align="right" valign="top">
</td>
</tr>
</table>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="15%" align="right" valign="top" class="summary">
<span class="summary-type">string</span>
</td><td class="summary">
<table width="100%" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0">
<tr>
<td><span class="summary-sig"><a name="lower"></a><span class="summary-sig-name">lower</span>(<span class="summary-sig-arg">S</span>)</span><br />
Return a copy of the string S converted to lowercase.</td>
<td align="right" valign="top">
</td>
</tr>
</table>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="15%" align="right" valign="top" class="summary">
<span class="summary-type">string or unicode</span>
</td><td class="summary">
<table width="100%" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0">
<tr>
<td><span class="summary-sig"><a name="lstrip"></a><span class="summary-sig-name">lstrip</span>(<span class="summary-sig-arg">S</span>,
<span class="summary-sig-arg">chars</span>=<span class="summary-sig-default">...</span>)</span><br />
Return a copy of the string S with leading whitespace removed.
If chars is given and not None, remove characters in chars instead.
If chars is unicode, S will be converted to unicode before stripping</td>
<td align="right" valign="top">
</td>
</tr>
</table>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="15%" align="right" valign="top" class="summary">
<span class="summary-type">(head, sep, tail)</span>
</td><td class="summary">
<table width="100%" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0">
<tr>
<td><span class="summary-sig"><a name="partition"></a><span class="summary-sig-name">partition</span>(<span class="summary-sig-arg">S</span>,
<span class="summary-sig-arg">sep</span>)</span><br />
Search for the separator sep in S, and return the part before it,
the separator itself, and the part after it. If the separator is not
found, return S and two empty strings.</td>
<td align="right" valign="top">
</td>
</tr>
</table>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="15%" align="right" valign="top" class="summary">
<span class="summary-type">string</span>
</td><td class="summary">
<table width="100%" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0">
<tr>
<td><span class="summary-sig"><a name="replace"></a><span class="summary-sig-name">replace</span>(<span class="summary-sig-arg">S</span>,
<span class="summary-sig-arg">old</span>,
<span class="summary-sig-arg">new</span>,
<span class="summary-sig-arg">count</span>=<span class="summary-sig-default">...</span>)</span><br />
Return a copy of string S with all occurrences of substring
old replaced by new. If the optional argument count is
given, only the first count occurrences are replaced.</td>
<td align="right" valign="top">
</td>
</tr>
</table>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="15%" align="right" valign="top" class="summary">
<span class="summary-type">int</span>
</td><td class="summary">
<table width="100%" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0">
<tr>
<td><span class="summary-sig"><a href="str-class.html#rfind" class="summary-sig-name">rfind</a>(<span class="summary-sig-arg">S</span>,
<span class="summary-sig-arg">sub</span>,
<span class="summary-sig-arg">start</span>=<span class="summary-sig-default">... </span>,
<span class="summary-sig-arg">end</span>=<span class="summary-sig-default">...</span>)</span><br />
Return the highest index in S where substring sub is found,
such that sub is contained within S[start:end]. Optional
arguments start and end are interpreted as in slice notation.</td>
<td align="right" valign="top">
</td>
</tr>
</table>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="15%" align="right" valign="top" class="summary">
<span class="summary-type">int</span>
</td><td class="summary">
<table width="100%" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0">
<tr>
<td><span class="summary-sig"><a name="rindex"></a><span class="summary-sig-name">rindex</span>(<span class="summary-sig-arg">S</span>,
<span class="summary-sig-arg">sub</span>,
<span class="summary-sig-arg">start</span>=<span class="summary-sig-default">... </span>,
<span class="summary-sig-arg">end</span>=<span class="summary-sig-default">...</span>)</span><br />
Like S.rfind() but raise ValueError when the substring is not found.</td>
<td align="right" valign="top">
</td>
</tr>
</table>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="15%" align="right" valign="top" class="summary">
<span class="summary-type">string</span>
</td><td class="summary">
<table width="100%" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0">
<tr>
<td><span class="summary-sig"><a name="rjust"></a><span class="summary-sig-name">rjust</span>(<span class="summary-sig-arg">S</span>,
<span class="summary-sig-arg">width</span>,
<span class="summary-sig-arg">fillchar</span>=<span class="summary-sig-default">...</span>)</span><br />
Return S right-justified in a string of length width. Padding is
done using the specified fill character (default is a space)</td>
<td align="right" valign="top">
</td>
</tr>
</table>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="15%" align="right" valign="top" class="summary">
<span class="summary-type">(head, sep, tail)</span>
</td><td class="summary">
<table width="100%" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0">
<tr>
<td><span class="summary-sig"><a name="rpartition"></a><span class="summary-sig-name">rpartition</span>(<span class="summary-sig-arg">S</span>,
<span class="summary-sig-arg">sep</span>)</span><br />
Search for the separator sep in S, starting at the end of S, and return
the part before it, the separator itself, and the part after it. If the
separator is not found, return two empty strings and S.</td>
<td align="right" valign="top">
</td>
</tr>
</table>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="15%" align="right" valign="top" class="summary">
<span class="summary-type">list of strings</span>
</td><td class="summary">
<table width="100%" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0">
<tr>
<td><span class="summary-sig"><a name="rsplit"></a><span class="summary-sig-name">rsplit</span>(<span class="summary-sig-arg">S</span>,
<span class="summary-sig-arg">sep</span>=<span class="summary-sig-default">... </span>,
<span class="summary-sig-arg">maxsplit</span>=<span class="summary-sig-default">...</span>)</span><br />
Return a list of the words in the string S, using sep as the
delimiter string, starting at the end of the string and working
to the front. If maxsplit is given, at most maxsplit splits are
done. If sep is not specified or is None, any whitespace string
is a separator.</td>
<td align="right" valign="top">
</td>
</tr>
</table>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="15%" align="right" valign="top" class="summary">
<span class="summary-type">string or unicode</span>
</td><td class="summary">
<table width="100%" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0">
<tr>
<td><span class="summary-sig"><a name="rstrip"></a><span class="summary-sig-name">rstrip</span>(<span class="summary-sig-arg">S</span>,
<span class="summary-sig-arg">chars</span>=<span class="summary-sig-default">...</span>)</span><br />
Return a copy of the string S with trailing whitespace removed.
If chars is given and not None, remove characters in chars instead.
If chars is unicode, S will be converted to unicode before stripping</td>
<td align="right" valign="top">
</td>
</tr>
</table>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="15%" align="right" valign="top" class="summary">
<span class="summary-type">list of strings</span>
</td><td class="summary">
<table width="100%" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0">
<tr>
<td><span class="summary-sig"><a name="split"></a><span class="summary-sig-name">split</span>(<span class="summary-sig-arg">S</span>,
<span class="summary-sig-arg">sep</span>=<span class="summary-sig-default">... </span>,
<span class="summary-sig-arg">maxsplit</span>=<span class="summary-sig-default">...</span>)</span><br />
Return a list of the words in the string S, using sep as the
delimiter string. If maxsplit is given, at most maxsplit
splits are done. If sep is not specified or is None, any
whitespace string is a separator and empty strings are removed
from the result.</td>
<td align="right" valign="top">
</td>
</tr>
</table>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="15%" align="right" valign="top" class="summary">
<span class="summary-type">list of strings</span>
</td><td class="summary">
<table width="100%" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0">
<tr>
<td><span class="summary-sig"><a name="splitlines"></a><span class="summary-sig-name">splitlines</span>(<span class="summary-sig-arg">S</span>,
<span class="summary-sig-arg">keepends</span>=<span class="summary-sig-default">False</span>)</span><br />
Return a list of the lines in S, breaking at line boundaries.
Line breaks are not included in the resulting list unless keepends
is given and true.</td>
<td align="right" valign="top">
</td>
</tr>
</table>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="15%" align="right" valign="top" class="summary">
<span class="summary-type">bool</span>
</td><td class="summary">
<table width="100%" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0">
<tr>
<td><span class="summary-sig"><a name="startswith"></a><span class="summary-sig-name">startswith</span>(<span class="summary-sig-arg">S</span>,
<span class="summary-sig-arg">prefix</span>,
<span class="summary-sig-arg">start</span>=<span class="summary-sig-default">...</span>,
<span class="summary-sig-arg">end</span>=<span class="summary-sig-default">...</span>)</span><br />
Return True if S starts with the specified prefix, False otherwise.
With optional start, test S beginning at that position.
With optional end, stop comparing S at that position.
prefix can also be a tuple of strings to try.</td>
<td align="right" valign="top">
</td>
</tr>
</table>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="15%" align="right" valign="top" class="summary">
<span class="summary-type">string or unicode</span>
</td><td class="summary">
<table width="100%" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0">
<tr>
<td><span class="summary-sig"><a name="strip"></a><span class="summary-sig-name">strip</span>(<span class="summary-sig-arg">S</span>,
<span class="summary-sig-arg">chars</span>=<span class="summary-sig-default">...</span>)</span><br />
Return a copy of the string S with leading and trailing
whitespace removed.
If chars is given and not None, remove characters in chars instead.
If chars is unicode, S will be converted to unicode before stripping</td>
<td align="right" valign="top">
</td>
</tr>
</table>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="15%" align="right" valign="top" class="summary">
<span class="summary-type">string</span>
</td><td class="summary">
<table width="100%" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0">
<tr>
<td><span class="summary-sig"><a name="swapcase"></a><span class="summary-sig-name">swapcase</span>(<span class="summary-sig-arg">S</span>)</span><br />
Return a copy of the string S with uppercase characters
converted to lowercase and vice versa.</td>
<td align="right" valign="top">
</td>
</tr>
</table>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="15%" align="right" valign="top" class="summary">
<span class="summary-type">string</span>
</td><td class="summary">
<table width="100%" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0">
<tr>
<td><span class="summary-sig"><a name="title"></a><span class="summary-sig-name">title</span>(<span class="summary-sig-arg">S</span>)</span><br />
Return a titlecased version of S, i.e. words start with uppercase
characters, all remaining cased characters have lowercase.</td>
<td align="right" valign="top">
</td>
</tr>
</table>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="15%" align="right" valign="top" class="summary">
<span class="summary-type">string</span>
</td><td class="summary">
<table width="100%" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0">
<tr>
<td><span class="summary-sig"><a name="translate"></a><span class="summary-sig-name">translate</span>(<span class="summary-sig-arg">S</span>,
<span class="summary-sig-arg">table</span>,
<span class="summary-sig-arg">deletechars</span>=<span class="summary-sig-default">...</span>)</span><br />
Return a copy of the string S, where all characters occurring
in the optional argument deletechars are removed, and the
remaining characters have been mapped through the given
translation table, which must be a string of length 256 or None.
If the table argument is None, no translation is applied and
the operation simply removes the characters in deletechars.</td>
<td align="right" valign="top">
</td>
</tr>
</table>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="15%" align="right" valign="top" class="summary">
<span class="summary-type">string</span>
</td><td class="summary">
<table width="100%" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0">
<tr>
<td><span class="summary-sig"><a name="upper"></a><span class="summary-sig-name">upper</span>(<span class="summary-sig-arg">S</span>)</span><br />
Return a copy of the string S converted to uppercase.</td>
<td align="right" valign="top">
</td>
</tr>
</table>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="15%" align="right" valign="top" class="summary">
<span class="summary-type">string</span>
</td><td class="summary">
<table width="100%" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0">
<tr>
<td><span class="summary-sig"><a name="zfill"></a><span class="summary-sig-name">zfill</span>(<span class="summary-sig-arg">S</span>,
<span class="summary-sig-arg">width</span>)</span><br />
Pad a numeric string S with zeros on the left, to fill a field
of the specified width. The string S is never truncated.</td>
<td align="right" valign="top">
</td>
</tr>
</table>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="2" class="summary">
<p class="indent-wrapped-lines"><b>Inherited from <code>object</code></b>:
<code>__delattr__</code>,
<code>__init__</code>,
<code>__reduce__</code>,
<code>__reduce_ex__</code>,
<code>__setattr__</code>,
<code>__subclasshook__</code>
</p>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<!-- ==================== PROPERTIES ==================== -->
<a name="section-Properties"></a>
<table class="summary" border="1" cellpadding="3"
cellspacing="0" width="100%" bgcolor="white">
<tr bgcolor="#70b0f0" class="table-header">
<td colspan="2" class="table-header">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="100%">
<tr valign="top">
<td align="left"><span class="table-header">Properties</span></td>
<td align="right" valign="top"
><span class="options">[<a href="#section-Properties"
class="privatelink" onclick="toggle_private();"
>hide private</a>]</span></td>
</tr>
</table>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="2" class="summary">
<p class="indent-wrapped-lines"><b>Inherited from <code>object</code></b>:
<code>__class__</code>
</p>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<!-- ==================== METHOD DETAILS ==================== -->
<a name="section-MethodDetails"></a>
<table class="details" border="1" cellpadding="3"
cellspacing="0" width="100%" bgcolor="white">
<tr bgcolor="#70b0f0" class="table-header">
<td colspan="2" class="table-header">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="100%">
<tr valign="top">
<td align="left"><span class="table-header">Method Details</span></td>
<td align="right" valign="top"
><span class="options">[<a href="#section-MethodDetails"
class="privatelink" onclick="toggle_private();"
>hide private</a>]</span></td>
</tr>
</table>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<a name="__format__"></a>
<div>
<table class="details" border="1" cellpadding="3"
cellspacing="0" width="100%" bgcolor="white">
<tr><td>
<table width="100%" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0">
<tr valign="top"><td>
<h3 class="epydoc"><span class="sig"><span class="sig-name">__format__</span>(<span class="sig-arg">S</span>,
<span class="sig-arg">format_spec</span>)</span>
</h3>
</td><td align="right" valign="top"
>
</td>
</tr></table>
Return a formatted version of S as described by format_spec.
<dl class="fields">
<dt>Returns: string</dt>
<dt>Overrides:
object.__format__
</dt>
</dl>
</td></tr></table>
</div>
<a name="__getattribute__"></a>
<div>
<table class="details" border="1" cellpadding="3"
cellspacing="0" width="100%" bgcolor="white">
<tr><td>
<table width="100%" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0">
<tr valign="top"><td>
<h3 class="epydoc"><span class="sig"><span class="sig-name">__getattribute__</span>(<span class="sig-arg">...</span>)</span>
</h3>
</td><td align="right" valign="top"
>
</td>
</tr></table>
x.__getattribute__('name') <==> x.name
<dl class="fields">
<dt>Overrides:
object.__getattribute__
</dt>
</dl>
</td></tr></table>
</div>
<a name="__getslice__"></a>
<div>
<table class="details" border="1" cellpadding="3"
cellspacing="0" width="100%" bgcolor="white">
<tr><td>
<table width="100%" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0">
<tr valign="top"><td>
<h3 class="epydoc"><span class="sig"><span class="sig-name">__getslice__</span>(<span class="sig-arg">x</span>,
<span class="sig-arg">i</span>,
<span class="sig-arg">j</span>)</span>
<br /><em class="fname">(Slicling operator)</em>
</h3>
</td><td align="right" valign="top"
>
</td>
</tr></table>
<p>x[i:j]</p>
<p>Use of negative indices is not supported.</p>
<dl class="fields">
</dl>
</td></tr></table>
</div>
<a name="__hash__"></a>
<div>
<table class="details" border="1" cellpadding="3"
cellspacing="0" width="100%" bgcolor="white">
<tr><td>
<table width="100%" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0">
<tr valign="top"><td>
<h3 class="epydoc"><span class="sig"><span class="sig-name">__hash__</span>(<span class="sig-arg">x</span>)</span>
<br /><em class="fname">(Hashing function)</em>
</h3>
</td><td align="right" valign="top"
>
</td>
</tr></table>
hash(x)
<dl class="fields">
<dt>Overrides:
object.__hash__
</dt>
</dl>
</td></tr></table>
</div>
<a name="__new__"></a>
<div>
<table class="details" border="1" cellpadding="3"
cellspacing="0" width="100%" bgcolor="white">
<tr><td>
<table width="100%" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0">
<tr valign="top"><td>
<h3 class="epydoc"><span class="sig"><span class="sig-name">__new__</span>(<span class="sig-arg">T</span>,
<span class="sig-arg">S</span>,
<span class="sig-arg">...</span>)</span>
</h3>
</td><td align="right" valign="top"
>
</td>
</tr></table>
<dl class="fields">
<dt>Returns: a new object with type S, a subtype of T</dt>
<dt>Overrides:
object.__new__
</dt>
</dl>
</td></tr></table>
</div>
<a name="__repr__"></a>
<div>
<table class="details" border="1" cellpadding="3"
cellspacing="0" width="100%" bgcolor="white">
<tr><td>
<table width="100%" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0">
<tr valign="top"><td>
<h3 class="epydoc"><span class="sig"><span class="sig-name">__repr__</span>(<span class="sig-arg">x</span>)</span>
<br /><em class="fname">(Representation operator)</em>
</h3>
</td><td align="right" valign="top"
>
</td>
</tr></table>
repr(x)
<dl class="fields">
<dt>Overrides:
object.__repr__
</dt>
</dl>
</td></tr></table>
</div>
<a name="__sizeof__"></a>
<div>
<table class="details" border="1" cellpadding="3"
cellspacing="0" width="100%" bgcolor="white">
<tr><td>
<table width="100%" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0">
<tr valign="top"><td>
<h3 class="epydoc"><span class="sig"><span class="sig-name">__sizeof__</span>(<span class="sig-arg">S</span>)</span>
</h3>
</td><td align="right" valign="top"
>
</td>
</tr></table>
size of object in memory, in bytes
<dl class="fields">
<dt>Returns: size of S in memory, in bytes</dt>
<dt>Overrides:
object.__sizeof__
</dt>
</dl>
</td></tr></table>
</div>
<a name="__str__"></a>
<div>
<table class="details" border="1" cellpadding="3"
cellspacing="0" width="100%" bgcolor="white">
<tr><td>
<table width="100%" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0">
<tr valign="top"><td>
<h3 class="epydoc"><span class="sig"><span class="sig-name">__str__</span>(<span class="sig-arg">x</span>)</span>
<br /><em class="fname">(Informal representation operator)</em>
</h3>
</td><td align="right" valign="top"
>
</td>
</tr></table>
str(x)
<dl class="fields">
<dt>Overrides:
object.__str__
</dt>
</dl>
</td></tr></table>
</div>
<a name="find"></a>
<div>
<table class="details" border="1" cellpadding="3"
cellspacing="0" width="100%" bgcolor="white">
<tr><td>
<table width="100%" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0">
<tr valign="top"><td>
<h3 class="epydoc"><span class="sig"><span class="sig-name">find</span>(<span class="sig-arg">S</span>,
<span class="sig-arg">sub</span>,
<span class="sig-arg">start</span>=<span class="sig-default">... </span>,
<span class="sig-arg">end</span>=<span class="sig-default">...</span>)</span>
</h3>
</td><td align="right" valign="top"
>
</td>
</tr></table>
<p>Return the lowest index in S where substring sub is found,
such that sub is contained within S[start:end]. Optional
arguments start and end are interpreted as in slice notation.</p>
<p>Return -1 on failure.</p>
<dl class="fields">
<dt>Returns: int</dt>
</dl>
</td></tr></table>
</div>
<a name="rfind"></a>
<div>
<table class="details" border="1" cellpadding="3"
cellspacing="0" width="100%" bgcolor="white">
<tr><td>
<table width="100%" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0">
<tr valign="top"><td>
<h3 class="epydoc"><span class="sig"><span class="sig-name">rfind</span>(<span class="sig-arg">S</span>,
<span class="sig-arg">sub</span>,
<span class="sig-arg">start</span>=<span class="sig-default">... </span>,
<span class="sig-arg">end</span>=<span class="sig-default">...</span>)</span>
</h3>
</td><td align="right" valign="top"
>
</td>
</tr></table>
<p>Return the highest index in S where substring sub is found,
such that sub is contained within S[start:end]. Optional
arguments start and end are interpreted as in slice notation.</p>
<p>Return -1 on failure.</p>
<dl class="fields">
<dt>Returns: int</dt>
</dl>
</td></tr></table>
</div>
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