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.TH "WML" "file formats"
.SH "NAME"
\fBWML\fP \(em The widget meta-language file format for creating uil compilers
.iX "widget meta-language"
.iX "WML"
.SH "DESCRIPTION"
.PP
The widget meta-language facility (WML) is used to generate the
components of the user interface language (UIL) compiler that
can change depending on the widget set\&. Using WML you can add support
in UIL for
new widgets to the Motif widget set or for a totally new widget set\&.
.SS "File"
.PP
WML files are ASCII files that you can modify with any standard
text editor\&. They are accessed in the
\fBtools/wml\fP directory by WML\&.
By convention WML files have the suffix \fB\&.wml\fP\&.
The Motif widget set is described in the
\fBmotif\&.wml\fP file\&.
This is also the default WML file when using the WML facility\&.
.PP
When adding new widgets or changing widget characteristics, you should
start with a copy of the
\fBmotif\&.wml\fP file\&.
If you are creating a new widget set for use with UIL, you should
start from scratch\&.
In either case the
\fBmotif\&.wml\fP
file is a good example of WML syntax, and you should familiarize
yourself with it before writing your own WML file\&.
.PP
WML files have a simple syntax, similar in structure to UIL\&.
It is made up of the following elements:
.IP "   \(bu" 6
Comments
.IP "   \(bu" 6
Data Type Definitions
.IP "   \(bu" 6
Character Set Definitions
.IP "   \(bu" 6
Enumeration Set Definitions
.IP "   \(bu" 6
Control List Definitions
.IP "   \(bu" 6
Class Definitions
.IP "   \(bu" 6
Child Definitions
.IP "   \(bu" 6
Resource Definitions
.PP
You can use space, tabs, or newlines anywhere in the syntax,
as long as you do not split up keywords or strings, except that
comments end at a newline\&.
The order of elements is not important to the syntax\&.
.PP
This description uses the following additional conventions
to describe the syntax of the widget meta-language:
.IP "[\ \ ]" 10
Indicates optional elements\&.
.IP "\&.\&.\&." 10
Indicates where an element of syntax can be repeated\&.
.IP "|" 10
Indicates a choice among multiple items\&.
.SS "Comments"
.PP
You can include comments in the WML file\&.
Comments have the following syntax:
.PP
.nf
[any\&.element]!any\&.comment
.fi
.PP
Comments begin with an exclamation point and extend to the
end of the line\&. A comment can begin on a line by itself or
follow any part of another element\&. A comment does not change
the meaning of any other element\&.
For example:
.PP
.nf
\f(CW!This is a comment
!  that spans two lines\&.
DataType    !This is a comment following code\&.\fR
.fi
.PP
.SS "Data Type Definitions"
.PP
Data type definitions register all the resource data
types used in the file\&. You must register all the data types used
in your WML file\&.
Data type definitions have the following syntax:
.PP
.nf
DataType
     any\&.datatype [{ InternalLiteral = internal\&.name |
          DocName = "\fIstring\fP"; [\&.\&.\&.]}];
     [\&.\&.\&.]
.fi
.PP
A data type definition begins with the keyword \fBDataType\fP\&. Following
the
\fBDataType\fP keyword is a list of data types that can be further modified with
.IP "\fBInternalLiteral\fP" 10
This forces the value of the internal symbol table literal definition
of the data type name\&. This modifier is only used to get around
symbol table definitions hard coded into the UIL compiler\&.
It should rarely be used\&.
.IP "\fBDocName\fP" 10
This gives an arbitrary string for use in the documentation\&.
This string is meant to supply a different name for the data type for
use in the documentation, or a single name for the data type if the
data type has aliases\&.
.PP
For example:
.PP
.nf
\f(CWDataType OddNumber {DocName="OddNumber";};
         NewString;\fR
.fi
.PP
.SS "Character Set Definitions"
.PP
Character set definitions register the Motif Toolkit name and other
information for the character set names used in UIL\&.
Character set definitions have the following syntax:
.PP
.nf
CharacterSet
     any\&.character\&.set
          { [ FontListElementTag | XmStringCharsetName ] = "\fIstring\fP";
               [ Alias = "\fIstring\fP" \&.\&.\&.; |
               Direction = [ LeftToRight | RightToLeft ]; |
               ParseDirection = [ LeftToRight | RightToLeft ]; |
               CharacterSize = [ OneByte | TwoByte ]; ]
               [ \&.\&.\&. ] };
     [ \&.\&.\&. ]
.fi
.PP
A character set definition begins with the keyword \fBCharacterSet\fP\&.
Following the \fBCharacterSet\fP keyword is a list of character sets
that can be further modified with
.IP "\fBFontListElementTag\fP\ |\ \fBXmStringCharsetName\fP" 10
Specifies the name of the character set, which will become the character
set component of a compound string segment created using this
character set\&.
This modifier is required\&.
.IP "\fBAlias\fP" 10
Specifies one or more aliases for the character set name\&.
Each alias can be used within UIL to refer to the same character set\&.
.IP "\fBDirection\fP" 10
Specifies the direction of a compound string segment created using
this character set\&.
The default is \fBLeftToRight\fP\&.
.IP "\fBParseDirection\fP" 10
Specifies the direction in which an input string is parsed when a
compound string segment is created using this character set\&.
The default is whatever \fBDirection\fP is specified\&.
.IP "\fBCharacterSize\fP" 10
Specifies the number of bytes in each character of a compound string
segment created using this character set\&.
The default is \fBOneByte\fP\&.
.PP
For example:
.PP
.nf
\f(CWCharacterSet
  iso_latin1
    { XmStringCharsetName = "ISO8859-1";
      Alias = "ISOLatin1"; };
  iso_hebrew_lr
    { XmStringCharsetName = "ISO8859-8";
      Alias = "iso_latin8_lr";
      Direction = RightToLeft;
      ParseDirection = LeftToRight; };
  ksc_korean
    { XmStringCharsetName = "KSC5601\&.1987-0";
      CharacterSize = TwoByte; };\fR
.fi
.PP
.SS "Enumeration Set Definitions"
.PP
Enumeration set definitions register the named constants used in the
Motif Toolkit to specify some resource values\&.
Enumeration set definitions have the following syntax:
.PP
.nf
EnumerationSet
     resource\&.name: resource\&.type
          { enum\&.value\&.name; [ \&.\&.\&. ] };
.fi
.PP
An enumeration set definition begins with the keyword
\fBEnumerationSet\fP\&.
For each enumeration set defined, the name and type of the resource are
listed\&.
The resource name is the Motif Toolkit resource name, with the beginning
\fBXmN\fP removed and with the initial letter capitalized\&.
For example, the name of the Motif Toolkit resource
\fBXmNrowColumnType\fP is \fBRowColumnType\fP\&.
The resource type is the data type for the resource; for most resources,
this is \fIinteger\fP\&.
Following the resource name and type is a list of names of enumeration
values that can be used as settings for the resource\&.
These names are the same as those in the Motif Toolkit\&.
.PP
For example:
.PP
.nf
\f(CWEnumerationSet
  RowColumnType: integer
    { XmWORK_AREA; XmMENU_BAR; XmMENU_POPUP;
      XmMENU_PULLDOWN; XmMENU_OPTION; };\fR
.fi
.PP
.PP
Enumeration sets also support Boolean values\&.
.SS "Control List Definitions"
.PP
Control list definitions assign a name to groups of controls\&.
You can use these control lists later in class definitions to simplify
the structure of your WML file\&.
Control list definitions have the following syntax:
.PP
.nf
ControlList
     any\&.control\&.list [{ any\&.control; [\&.\&.\&.]}];
.fi
.PP
A control list definition starts with the
\fBControlList\fP keyword\&.
Following the
\fBControlList\fP keyword are any number of control list definitions\&. Control list
definitions are made up of a control list name followed by the
set of controls it represents\&. For example:
.PP
.nf
\f(CWControlList
        Buttons {PushButton;
                 RadioButton;
                 CascadeButton;
                 NewCascadebutton;};\fR
.fi
.PP
.PP
Each control specified in the control list must be defined as
a class in the file\&.
.SS "Class Definitions"
.PP
Class definitions describe a particular widget class including
its position in the class hierarchy, toolkit convenience function,
resources, and controls\&. There should be one class definition for
each widget or gadget in the widget set you want to support in UIL\&.
Class definitions have the following syntax:
.PP
.nf
Class class\&.name: MetaClass | Widget | Gadget
     [{[
     SuperClass = class\&.name; |
     ParentClass = parent\&.class\&.name; |
     InternalLiteral = internal\&.name; |
     Alias = \fIalias\fP; |
     ConvenienceFunction = convenience\&.function; |
     WidgetClass = widget\&.class; |
     DocName = "\fIstring\fP"; |
     DialogClass = True | False; |
     Resources { any\&.resource\&.name [{
               Default = new\&.default\&.value; |
               Exclude = True |
               False;
               [\&.\&.\&.]} ];
          [\&.\&.\&.]}; |
     Controls { any\&.control\&.name; [\&.\&.\&.]};
     Children { any\&.child\&.name; [\&.\&.\&.] };
     [\&.\&.\&.]
     ]}];
.fi
.PP
Class definitions start with the
\fBClass\fP keyword\&.
For each class defined, the name of the class and whether the
class is a metaclass, widget, or gadget is listed\&.
Each class definition can be further modified with the
keywords described in the following list\&.
.IP "\fBSuperClass\fP" 10
This indicates the name of the parent class\&.
Only the root of the hierarchy does not specify a SuperClass\&.
.IP "\fBParentClass\fP" 10
This indicates the name of the widget\&'s automatically created
parent class if one exists\&. This allows resources for that
automatically created class to be used in instances of this class\&.
For example, \fBXmBulletinBoardDialog\fP creates both an
\fBXmBulletinBoard\fP and an \fBXmDialogShell\fP\&. To access the
resources of the \fBXmDialogShell\fP parent class it must be
specified here\&.
.IP "\fBInternalLiteral\fP" 10
This forces the value of the internal symbol table literal definition
of the class name\&. This modifier is only used to get around
symbol table definitions hard coded into the UIL compiler\&.
It should rarely be used\&.
.IP "\fBAlias\fP" 10
This indicates alternate names for the class
for use in a UIL specification\&.
.IP "\fBConvenienceFunction\fP" 10
This indicates the name of the creation convenience function
for this class\&. All widget and gadget classes must have a
\fBConvenienceFunction\&.\fP
.IP "\fBWidgetClass\fP" 10
This indicates the associated widget class of gadget type classes\&.
Presently, nothing is done with this value\&.
.IP "\fBDocName\fP" 10
This defines an arbitrary string for use in the documentation\&.
Presently, nothing is done with this value\&.
.IP "\fBDialogClass\fP" 10
This indicates whether the class is a dialog class\&.
Presently, nothing is done with this value\&.
.IP "\fBResources\fP" 10
This lists the resources of the widget class\&. This keyword
can be further modified with
.RS
.IP "\fBDefault\fP" 10
This specifies a new default value for this resource\&. Resource
default values are usually set in the resource definition\&. If
an inherited resource\&'s default value is changed by the class,
the new default value should be noted here\&.
.IP "\fBExclude\fP" 10
This specifies whether an inherited resource should be excluded from the
resource list of the class\&. \fBExclude\fP is False by default\&.
.RE
.IP "\fBChildren\fP" 10
This lists the names of the automatically created children of this
class, so that those children can be accessed in the UIL file\&.
.IP "\fBControls\fP" 10
This lists the controls that the widget class allows\&. The controls can
be other classes or a control list from the control list definition\&.
.PP
The following example uses the examples from the data type definitions and
control list definitions above\&.
.PP
.nf
\f(CWClass
     TopLevelWidget: MetaClass
          {
          Resources
               {
               XtbNfirstResource;
               XtbNsecondResource;
               };
          };
     NewWidget: Widget
          {
          SuperClass = TopLevelWidget;
          ConvenienceFunction =
              XtbCreateNewWidget;
          Resources
               {
               XtbNnewResource;
               XtbNfirstResource
                  {Default="XtbNEW_VALUE";};
               XtbNsecondResource
                  {Exclude=True;};
               };
          Controls
               {
               NewWidget;
               Buttons;
               };
          };\fR
.fi
.PP
.SS "Child Definitions"
.PP
Child definitions register the classes of automatically created
children\&. Automatically created children are referenced elsewhere in
a \fBuil\fP file using the \fBChildren\fP keyword within a class definition\&.
Child definitions have the following syntax:
.PP
\fBChild\fP
\fBchild\&.name\fR \fB:\fP \fBclass\&.name\fR\fB;\fP
[\&.\&.\&.]
.PP
Where \fBchild\&.name\fR is the name of the automatically created child
and \fBclass\&.name\fR is the name of the class of that child\&.
.SS "Resource Definitions"
.PP
Resource definitions describe a particular resource including
its type, and default value\&.
There should be a resource definition for
each new resource referenced in the class definitions\&.
Resource definitions have the following syntax:
.PP
.nf
Resource
     resource\&.name: Argument | Reason | Constraint | SubResource
          [{[
          Type = \fItype\fP;
          [ResourceLiteral = resource\&.literal; ]
          [InternalLiteral = internal\&.name; ]
          [Alias = \fIalias\fP; ]
          [Related = \fIrelated\fP; ]
          [Default = \fIdefault\fP; ]
          [DocName = doc\&.name; ]
          [\&.\&.\&.]}]
     [\&.\&.\&.]
.fi
.PP
Resource definitions start with the
\fBResource\fP keyword\&.
For each resource definition,
the name of the resource and whether the resource is an argument, reason,
constraint or subresource is listed\&.
.IP "\fBArgument\fP" 10
Indicates a standard resource
.IP "\fBReason\fP" 10
Indicates a callback resource
.IP "\fBConstraint\fP" 10
Indicates a constraint resource
.IP "\fBSubResource\fP" 10
Presently, nothing is done with this value
.PP
The resource definition can be further modified with the following
keywords:
.IP "\fBType\fP" 10
This indicates the data type of the resource\&. It must be listed
in the data type definition\&.
.IP "\fBResourceLiteral\fP" 10
This indicates the keyword used in the UIL file to reference the
resource\&. In Motif, the resource name is the same as the
\fBResourceLiteral\fP\&.
.IP "\fBInternalLiteral\fP" 10
This forces the value of the internal symbol table literal definition
of the resource name\&. This modifier is only used to get around
symbol table definitions hard coded into the UIL compiler\&.
It should rarely be used\&.
.IP "\fBAlias\fP" 10
This indicates alternate names for the resource
for use in a UIL specification\&.
.IP "\fBRelated\fP" 10
This is a special purpose field that allows resources that
act as a counter for the current resources to be related to the resource\&.
UIL automatically sets the value of this related resource to the number of items
in the compiled instance of type \fBresource\&.name\fR\&.
.IP "\fBDefault\fP" 10
This indicates the default value of the resource\&.
.IP "\fBDocName\fP" 10
This defines an arbitrary string for use in the documentation\&.
Presently, nothing is done with this value\&.
.PP
The following example uses the examples from the data type definitions,
control list definitions and class definitions above\&.
.PP
.nf
\f(CWResource
     XtbNfirstResource: Argument
          { Type = OddNumber;
            Default = "XtbOLD_VALUE";};
     XtbNsecondResource: Argument
          { Type = NewString;
            Default = "XtbNEW_STRING"; };
     XtbNnewResource: Argument
          { Type = OddNumber;
            Default = "XtbODD_NUMBER"; };\fR
.fi
.PP
...\" created by instant / docbook-to-man, Sun 22 Dec 1996, 20:37