/* mpc_sqr -- Square a complex number.
 
Copyright (C) 2002, 2005, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012 INRIA
 
This file is part of GNU MPC.
 
GNU MPC is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under
the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by the
Free Software Foundation; either version 3 of the License, or (at your
option) any later version.
 
GNU MPC is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY
WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS
FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU Lesser General Public License for
more details.
 
You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
along with this program. If not, see http://www.gnu.org/licenses/ .
*/
 
#include <stdio.h>    /* for MPC_ASSERT */
#include "mpc-impl.h"
 
 
static int
mpfr_fsss (mpfr_ptr z, mpfr_srcptr a, mpfr_srcptr c, mpfr_rnd_t rnd)
{
   /* Computes z = a^2 - c^2.
      Assumes that a and c are finite and non-zero; so a squaring yielding
      an infinity is an overflow, and a squaring yielding 0 is an underflow.
      Assumes further that z is distinct from a and c. */
 
   int inex;
   mpfr_t u, v;
 
   /* u=a^2, v=c^2 exactly */
   mpfr_init2 (u, 2*mpfr_get_prec (a));
   mpfr_init2 (v, 2*mpfr_get_prec (c));
   mpfr_sqr (u, a, GMP_RNDN);
   mpfr_sqr (v, c, GMP_RNDN);
 
   /* tentatively compute z as u-v; here we need z to be distinct
      from a and c to not lose the latter */
   inex = mpfr_sub (z, u, v, rnd);
 
   if (mpfr_inf_p (z)) {
      /* replace by "correctly rounded overflow" */
      mpfr_set_si (z, (mpfr_signbit (z) ? -1 : 1), GMP_RNDN);
      inex = mpfr_mul_2ui (z, z, mpfr_get_emax (), rnd);
   }
   else if (mpfr_zero_p (u) && !mpfr_zero_p (v)) {
      /* exactly u underflowed, determine inexact flag */
      inex = (mpfr_signbit (u) ? 1 : -1);
   }
   else if (mpfr_zero_p (v) && !mpfr_zero_p (u)) {
      /* exactly v underflowed, determine inexact flag */
      inex = (mpfr_signbit (v) ? -1 : 1);
   }
   else if (mpfr_nan_p (z) || (mpfr_zero_p (u) && mpfr_zero_p (v))) {
      /* In the first case, u and v are +inf.
         In the second case, u and v are zeroes; their difference may be 0
         or the least representable number, with a sign to be determined.
         Redo the computations with mpz_t exponents */
      mpfr_exp_t ea, ec;
      mpz_t eu, ev;
         /* cheat to work around the const qualifiers */
 
      /* Normalise the input by shifting and keep track of the shifts in
         the exponents of u and v */
      ea = mpfr_get_exp (a);
      ec = mpfr_get_exp (c);
 
      mpfr_set_exp ((mpfr_ptr) a, (mpfr_prec_t) 0);
      mpfr_set_exp ((mpfr_ptr) c, (mpfr_prec_t) 0);
 
      mpz_init (eu);
      mpz_init (ev);
      mpz_set_si (eu, (long int) ea);
      mpz_mul_2exp (eu, eu, 1);
      mpz_set_si (ev, (long int) ec);
      mpz_mul_2exp (ev, ev, 1);
 
      /* recompute u and v and move exponents to eu and ev */
      mpfr_sqr (u, a, GMP_RNDN);
      /* exponent of u is non-positive */
      mpz_sub_ui (eu, eu, (unsigned long int) (-mpfr_get_exp (u)));
      mpfr_set_exp (u, (mpfr_prec_t) 0);
      mpfr_sqr (v, c, GMP_RNDN);
      mpz_sub_ui (ev, ev, (unsigned long int) (-mpfr_get_exp (v)));
      mpfr_set_exp (v, (mpfr_prec_t) 0);
      if (mpfr_nan_p (z)) {
         mpfr_exp_t emax = mpfr_get_emax ();
         int overflow;
         /* We have a = ma * 2^ea with 1/2 <= |ma| < 1 and ea <= emax.
            So eu <= 2*emax, and eu > emax since we have
            an overflow. The same holds for ev. Shift u and v by as much as
            possible so that one of them has exponent emax and the
            remaining exponents in eu and ev are the same. Then carry out
            the addition. Shifting u and v prevents an underflow. */
         if (mpz_cmp (eu, ev) >= 0) {
            mpfr_set_exp (u, emax);
            mpz_sub_ui (eu, eu, (long int) emax);
            mpz_sub (ev, ev, eu);
            mpfr_set_exp (v, (mpfr_exp_t) mpz_get_ui (ev));
               /* remaining common exponent is now in eu */
         }
         else {
            mpfr_set_exp (v, emax);
            mpz_sub_ui (ev, ev, (long int) emax);
            mpz_sub (eu, eu, ev);
            mpfr_set_exp (u, (mpfr_exp_t) mpz_get_ui (eu));
            mpz_set (eu, ev);
               /* remaining common exponent is now also in eu */
         }
         inex = mpfr_sub (z, u, v, rnd);
            /* Result is finite since u and v have the same sign. */
         overflow = mpfr_mul_2ui (z, z, mpz_get_ui (eu), rnd);
         if (overflow)
            inex = overflow;
      }
      else {
         int underflow;
         /* Subtraction of two zeroes. We have a = ma * 2^ea
            with 1/2 <= |ma| < 1 and ea >= emin and similarly for b.
            So 2*emin < 2*emin+1 <= eu < emin < 0, and analogously for v. */
         mpfr_exp_t emin = mpfr_get_emin ();
         if (mpz_cmp (eu, ev) <= 0) {
            mpfr_set_exp (u, emin);
            mpz_add_ui (eu, eu, (unsigned long int) (-emin));
            mpz_sub (ev, ev, eu);
            mpfr_set_exp (v, (mpfr_exp_t) mpz_get_si (ev));
         }
         else {
            mpfr_set_exp (v, emin);
            mpz_add_ui (ev, ev, (unsigned long int) (-emin));
            mpz_sub (eu, eu, ev);
            mpfr_set_exp (u, (mpfr_exp_t) mpz_get_si (eu));
            mpz_set (eu, ev);
         }
         inex = mpfr_sub (z, u, v, rnd);
         mpz_neg (eu, eu);
         underflow = mpfr_div_2ui (z, z, mpz_get_ui (eu), rnd);
         if (underflow)
            inex = underflow;
      }
 
      mpz_clear (eu);
      mpz_clear (ev);
 
      mpfr_set_exp ((mpfr_ptr) a, ea);
      mpfr_set_exp ((mpfr_ptr) c, ec);
         /* works also when a == c */
   }
 
   mpfr_clear (u);
   mpfr_clear (v);
 
   return inex;
}
 
 
int
mpc_sqr (mpc_ptr rop, mpc_srcptr op, mpc_rnd_t rnd)
{
   int ok;
   mpfr_t u, v;
   mpfr_t x;
      /* temporary variable to hold the real part of op,
         needed in the case rop==op */
   mpfr_prec_t prec;
   int inex_re, inex_im, inexact;
   mpfr_exp_t emin;
   int saved_underflow;
 
   /* special values: NaN and infinities */
   if (!mpc_fin_p (op)) {
      if (mpfr_nan_p (mpc_realref (op)) || mpfr_nan_p (mpc_imagref (op))) {
         mpfr_set_nan (mpc_realref (rop));
         mpfr_set_nan (mpc_imagref (rop));
      }
      else if (mpfr_inf_p (mpc_realref (op))) {
         if (mpfr_inf_p (mpc_imagref (op))) {
            mpfr_set_inf (mpc_imagref (rop),
                          MPFR_SIGN (mpc_realref (op)) * MPFR_SIGN (mpc_imagref (op)));
            mpfr_set_nan (mpc_realref (rop));
         }
         else {
            if (mpfr_zero_p (mpc_imagref (op)))
               mpfr_set_nan (mpc_imagref (rop));
            else
               mpfr_set_inf (mpc_imagref (rop),
                             MPFR_SIGN (mpc_realref (op)) * MPFR_SIGN (mpc_imagref (op)));
            mpfr_set_inf (mpc_realref (rop), +1);
         }
      }
      else /* IM(op) is infinity, RE(op) is not */ {
         if (mpfr_zero_p (mpc_realref (op)))
            mpfr_set_nan (mpc_imagref (rop));
         else
            mpfr_set_inf (mpc_imagref (rop),
                          MPFR_SIGN (mpc_realref (op)) * MPFR_SIGN (mpc_imagref (op)));
         mpfr_set_inf (mpc_realref (rop), -1);
      }
      return MPC_INEX (0, 0); /* exact */
   }
 
   prec = MPC_MAX_PREC(rop);
 
   /* Check for real resp. purely imaginary number */
   if (mpfr_zero_p (mpc_imagref(op))) {
      int same_sign = mpfr_signbit (mpc_realref (op)) == mpfr_signbit (mpc_imagref (op));
      inex_re = mpfr_sqr (mpc_realref(rop), mpc_realref(op), MPC_RND_RE(rnd));
      inex_im = mpfr_set_ui (mpc_imagref(rop), 0ul, GMP_RNDN);
      if (!same_sign)
        mpc_conj (rop, rop, MPC_RNDNN);
      return MPC_INEX(inex_re, inex_im);
   }
   if (mpfr_zero_p (mpc_realref(op))) {
      int same_sign = mpfr_signbit (mpc_realref (op)) == mpfr_signbit (mpc_imagref (op));
      inex_re = -mpfr_sqr (mpc_realref(rop), mpc_imagref(op), INV_RND (MPC_RND_RE(rnd)));
      mpfr_neg (mpc_realref(rop), mpc_realref(rop), GMP_RNDN);
      inex_im = mpfr_set_ui (mpc_imagref(rop), 0ul, GMP_RNDN);
      if (!same_sign)
        mpc_conj (rop, rop, MPC_RNDNN);
      return MPC_INEX(inex_re, inex_im);
   }
 
   if (rop == op)
   {
      mpfr_init2 (x, MPC_PREC_RE (op));
      mpfr_set (x, op->re, GMP_RNDN);
   }
   else
      x [0] = op->re [0];
   /* From here on, use x instead of op->re and safely overwrite rop->re. */
 
   /* Compute real part of result. */
   if (SAFE_ABS (mpfr_exp_t,
                 mpfr_get_exp (mpc_realref (op)) - mpfr_get_exp (mpc_imagref (op)))
       > (mpfr_exp_t) MPC_MAX_PREC (op) / 2) {
      /* If the real and imaginary parts of the argument have very different
         exponents, it is not reasonable to use Karatsuba squaring; compute
         exactly with the standard formulae instead, even if this means an
         additional multiplication. Using the approach copied from mul, over-
         and underflows are also handled correctly. */
 
      inex_re = mpfr_fsss (rop->re, x, op->im, MPC_RND_RE (rnd));
   }
   else {
      /* Karatsuba squaring: we compute the real part as (x+y)*(x-y) and the
         imaginary part as 2*x*y, with a total of 2M instead of 2S+1M for the
         naive algorithm, which computes x^2-y^2 and 2*y*y */
      mpfr_init (u);
      mpfr_init (v);
 
      emin = mpfr_get_emin ();
 
      do
      {
         prec += mpc_ceil_log2 (prec) + 5;
 
         mpfr_set_prec (u, prec);
         mpfr_set_prec (v, prec);
 
         /* Let op = x + iy. We need u = x+y and v = x-y, rounded away.      */
         /* The error is bounded above by 1 ulp.                             */
         /* We first let inexact be 1 if the real part is not computed       */
         /* exactly and determine the sign later.                            */
         inexact =  ROUND_AWAY (mpfr_add (u, x, mpc_imagref (op), MPFR_RNDA), u)
                  | ROUND_AWAY (mpfr_sub (v, x, mpc_imagref (op), MPFR_RNDA), v);
 
         /* compute the real part as u*v, rounded away                    */
         /* determine also the sign of inex_re                            */
 
         if (mpfr_sgn (u) == 0 || mpfr_sgn (v) == 0) {
            /* as we have rounded away, the result is exact */
            mpfr_set_ui (mpc_realref (rop), 0, GMP_RNDN);
            inex_re = 0;
            ok = 1;
         }
         else {
            mpfr_rnd_t rnd_away;
               /* FIXME: can be replaced by MPFR_RNDA in mpfr >= 3 */
            rnd_away = (mpfr_sgn (u) * mpfr_sgn (v) > 0 ? GMP_RNDU : GMP_RNDD);
            inexact |= ROUND_AWAY (mpfr_mul (u, u, v, MPFR_RNDA), u); /* error 5 */
            if (mpfr_get_exp (u) == emin || mpfr_inf_p (u)) {
               /* under- or overflow */
               inex_re = mpfr_fsss (rop->re, x, op->im, MPC_RND_RE (rnd));
               ok = 1;
            }
            else {
               ok = (!inexact) | mpfr_can_round (u, prec - 3,
                     rnd_away, GMP_RNDZ,
                     MPC_PREC_RE (rop) + (MPC_RND_RE (rnd) == GMP_RNDN));
               if (ok) {
                  inex_re = mpfr_set (mpc_realref (rop), u, MPC_RND_RE (rnd));
                  if (inex_re == 0)
                     /* remember that u was already rounded */
                     inex_re = inexact;
               }
            }
         }
      }
      while (!ok);
 
      mpfr_clear (u);
      mpfr_clear (v);
   }
 
   saved_underflow = mpfr_underflow_p ();
   mpfr_clear_underflow ();
   inex_im = mpfr_mul (rop->im, x, op->im, MPC_RND_IM (rnd));
   if (!mpfr_underflow_p ())
      inex_im |= mpfr_mul_2ui (rop->im, rop->im, 1, MPC_RND_IM (rnd));
      /* We must not multiply by 2 if rop->im has been set to the smallest
         representable number. */
   if (saved_underflow)
      mpfr_set_underflow ();
 
   if (rop == op)
      mpfr_clear (x);
 
   return MPC_INEX (inex_re, inex_im);
}