/*
* Copyright (c) 2008-11,16 Andrew G. Morgan <morgan@kernel.org>
*
* This is a simple 'bash' wrapper program that can be used to
* raise and lower both the bset and pI capabilities before invoking
* /bin/bash (hardcoded right now).
*
* The --print option can be used as a quick test whether various
* capability manipulations work as expected (or not).
*/
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <sys/prctl.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <pwd.h>
#include <grp.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <ctype.h>
#include <sys/capability.h>
#include <sys/securebits.h>
#include <sys/wait.h>
#include <sys/prctl.h>
#define MAX_GROUPS 100 /* max number of supplementary groups for user */
static char *binary(unsigned long value)
{
static char string[8*sizeof(unsigned long) + 1];
unsigned i;
i = sizeof(string);
string[--i] = '\0';
do {
string[--i] = (value & 1) ? '1' : '0';
value >>= 1;
} while ((i > 0) && value);
return string + i;
}
static void display_prctl_set(const char *name, int (*fn)(cap_value_t))
{
unsigned cap;
const char *sep;
int set;
printf("%s set =", name);
for (sep = "", cap=0; (set = fn(cap)) >= 0; cap++) {
char *ptr;
if (!set) {
continue;
}
ptr = cap_to_name(cap);
if (ptr == NULL) {
printf("%s%u", sep, cap);
} else {
printf("%s%s", sep, ptr);
cap_free(ptr);
}
sep = ",";
}
if (!cap) {
printf(" <unsupported>\n");
} else {
printf("\n");
}
}
/* arg_print displays the current capability state of the process */
static void arg_print(void)
{
int set, status, j;
cap_t all;
char *text;
const char *sep;
struct group *g;
gid_t groups[MAX_GROUPS], gid;
uid_t uid;
struct passwd *u;
all = cap_get_proc();
text = cap_to_text(all, NULL);
printf("Current: %s\n", text);
cap_free(text);
cap_free(all);
display_prctl_set("Bounding", cap_get_bound);
display_prctl_set("Ambient", cap_get_ambient);
set = prctl(PR_GET_SECUREBITS);
if (set >= 0) {
const char *b;
b = binary(set); /* use verilog convention for binary string */
printf("Securebits: 0%o/0x%x/%u'b%s\n", set, set,
(unsigned) strlen(b), b);
printf(" secure-noroot: %s (%s)\n",
(set & SECBIT_NOROOT) ? "yes":"no",
(set & SECBIT_NOROOT_LOCKED) ? "locked":"unlocked");
printf(" secure-no-suid-fixup: %s (%s)\n",
(set & SECBIT_NO_SETUID_FIXUP) ? "yes":"no",
(set & SECBIT_NO_SETUID_FIXUP_LOCKED) ? "locked":"unlocked");
printf(" secure-keep-caps: %s (%s)\n",
(set & SECBIT_KEEP_CAPS) ? "yes":"no",
(set & SECBIT_KEEP_CAPS_LOCKED) ? "locked":"unlocked");
if (CAP_AMBIENT_SUPPORTED()) {
printf(" secure-no-ambient-raise: %s (%s)\n",
(set & SECBIT_NO_CAP_AMBIENT_RAISE) ? "yes":"no",
(set & SECBIT_NO_CAP_AMBIENT_RAISE_LOCKED) ?
"locked":"unlocked");
}
} else {
printf("[Securebits ABI not supported]\n");
set = prctl(PR_GET_KEEPCAPS);
if (set >= 0) {
printf(" prctl-keep-caps: %s (locking not supported)\n",
set ? "yes":"no");
} else {
printf("[Keepcaps ABI not supported]\n");
}
}
uid = getuid();
u = getpwuid(uid);
printf("uid=%u(%s)\n", getuid(), u ? u->pw_name : "???");
gid = getgid();
g = getgrgid(gid);
printf("gid=%u(%s)\n", gid, g ? g->gr_name : "???");
printf("groups=");
status = getgroups(MAX_GROUPS, groups);
sep = "";
for (j=0; j < status; j++) {
g = getgrgid(groups[j]);
printf("%s%u(%s)", sep, groups[j], g ? g->gr_name : "???");
sep = ",";
}
printf("\n");
}
static const cap_value_t raise_setpcap[1] = { CAP_SETPCAP };
static const cap_value_t raise_chroot[1] = { CAP_SYS_CHROOT };
static void push_pcap(cap_t *orig_p, cap_t *raised_for_setpcap_p)
{
/*
* We need to do this here because --inh=XXX may have reset
* orig and it isn't until we are within the --drop code that
* we know what the prevailing (orig) pI value is.
*/
*orig_p = cap_get_proc();
if (NULL == *orig_p) {
perror("Capabilities not available");
exit(1);
}
*raised_for_setpcap_p = cap_dup(*orig_p);
if (NULL == *raised_for_setpcap_p) {
fprintf(stderr, "modification requires CAP_SETPCAP\n");
exit(1);
}
if (cap_set_flag(*raised_for_setpcap_p, CAP_EFFECTIVE, 1,
raise_setpcap, CAP_SET) != 0) {
perror("unable to select CAP_SETPCAP");
exit(1);
}
}
static void pop_pcap(cap_t orig, cap_t raised_for_setpcap)
{
cap_free(raised_for_setpcap);
cap_free(orig);
}
static void arg_drop(const char *arg_names)
{
char *ptr;
cap_t orig, raised_for_setpcap;
char *names;
push_pcap(&orig, &raised_for_setpcap);
if (strcmp("all", arg_names) == 0) {
unsigned j = 0;
while (CAP_IS_SUPPORTED(j)) {
int status;
if (cap_set_proc(raised_for_setpcap) != 0) {
perror("unable to raise CAP_SETPCAP for BSET changes");
exit(1);
}
status = cap_drop_bound(j);
if (cap_set_proc(orig) != 0) {
perror("unable to lower CAP_SETPCAP post BSET change");
exit(1);
}
if (status != 0) {
char *name_ptr;
name_ptr = cap_to_name(j);
fprintf(stderr, "Unable to drop bounding capability [%s]\n",
name_ptr);
cap_free(name_ptr);
exit(1);
}
j++;
}
pop_pcap(orig, raised_for_setpcap);
return;
}
names = strdup(arg_names);
if (NULL == names) {
fprintf(stderr, "failed to allocate names\n");
exit(1);
}
for (ptr = names; (ptr = strtok(ptr, ",")); ptr = NULL) {
/* find name for token */
cap_value_t cap;
int status;
if (cap_from_name(ptr, &cap) != 0) {
fprintf(stderr, "capability [%s] is unknown to libcap\n", ptr);
exit(1);
}
if (cap_set_proc(raised_for_setpcap) != 0) {
perror("unable to raise CAP_SETPCAP for BSET changes");
exit(1);
}
status = cap_drop_bound(cap);
if (cap_set_proc(orig) != 0) {
perror("unable to lower CAP_SETPCAP post BSET change");
exit(1);
}
if (status != 0) {
fprintf(stderr, "failed to drop [%s=%u]\n", ptr, cap);
exit(1);
}
}
pop_pcap(orig, raised_for_setpcap);
free(names);
}
static void arg_change_amb(const char *arg_names, cap_flag_value_t set)
{
char *ptr;
cap_t orig, raised_for_setpcap;
char *names;
push_pcap(&orig, &raised_for_setpcap);
if (strcmp("all", arg_names) == 0) {
unsigned j = 0;
while (CAP_IS_SUPPORTED(j)) {
int status;
if (cap_set_proc(raised_for_setpcap) != 0) {
perror("unable to raise CAP_SETPCAP for AMBIENT changes");
exit(1);
}
status = cap_set_ambient(j, set);
if (cap_set_proc(orig) != 0) {
perror("unable to lower CAP_SETPCAP post AMBIENT change");
exit(1);
}
if (status != 0) {
char *name_ptr;
name_ptr = cap_to_name(j);
fprintf(stderr, "Unable to %s ambient capability [%s]\n",
set == CAP_CLEAR ? "clear":"raise", name_ptr);
cap_free(name_ptr);
exit(1);
}
j++;
}
pop_pcap(orig, raised_for_setpcap);
return;
}
names = strdup(arg_names);
if (NULL == names) {
fprintf(stderr, "failed to allocate names\n");
exit(1);
}
for (ptr = names; (ptr = strtok(ptr, ",")); ptr = NULL) {
/* find name for token */
cap_value_t cap;
int status;
if (cap_from_name(ptr, &cap) != 0) {
fprintf(stderr, "capability [%s] is unknown to libcap\n", ptr);
exit(1);
}
if (cap_set_proc(raised_for_setpcap) != 0) {
perror("unable to raise CAP_SETPCAP for AMBIENT changes");
exit(1);
}
status = cap_set_ambient(cap, set);
if (cap_set_proc(orig) != 0) {
perror("unable to lower CAP_SETPCAP post AMBIENT change");
exit(1);
}
if (status != 0) {
fprintf(stderr, "failed to %s ambient [%s=%u]\n",
set == CAP_CLEAR ? "clear":"raise", ptr, cap);
exit(1);
}
}
pop_pcap(orig, raised_for_setpcap);
free(names);
}
int main(int argc, char *argv[], char *envp[])
{
pid_t child;
unsigned i;
child = 0;
for (i=1; i<argc; ++i) {
if (!memcmp("--drop=", argv[i], 4)) {
arg_drop(argv[i]+7);
} else if (!strcmp("--has-ambient", argv[i])) {
if (!CAP_AMBIENT_SUPPORTED()) {
fprintf(stderr, "ambient set not supported\n");
exit(1);
}
} else if (!memcmp("--addamb=", argv[i], 9)) {
arg_change_amb(argv[i]+9, CAP_SET);
} else if (!memcmp("--delamb=", argv[i], 9)) {
arg_change_amb(argv[i]+9, CAP_CLEAR);
} else if (!memcmp("--noamb", argv[i], 7)) {
if (cap_reset_ambient() != 0) {
fprintf(stderr, "failed to reset ambient set\n");
exit(1);
}
} else if (!memcmp("--inh=", argv[i], 6)) {
cap_t all, raised_for_setpcap;
char *text;
char *ptr;
all = cap_get_proc();
if (all == NULL) {
perror("Capabilities not available");
exit(1);
}
if (cap_clear_flag(all, CAP_INHERITABLE) != 0) {
perror("libcap:cap_clear_flag() internal error");
exit(1);
}
raised_for_setpcap = cap_dup(all);
if ((raised_for_setpcap != NULL)
&& (cap_set_flag(raised_for_setpcap, CAP_EFFECTIVE, 1,
raise_setpcap, CAP_SET) != 0)) {
cap_free(raised_for_setpcap);
raised_for_setpcap = NULL;
}
text = cap_to_text(all, NULL);
cap_free(all);
if (text == NULL) {
perror("Fatal error concerning process capabilities");
exit(1);
}
ptr = malloc(10 + strlen(argv[i]+6) + strlen(text));
if (ptr == NULL) {
perror("Out of memory for inh set");
exit(1);
}
if (argv[i][6] && strcmp("none", argv[i]+6)) {
sprintf(ptr, "%s %s+i", text, argv[i]+6);
} else {
strcpy(ptr, text);
}
all = cap_from_text(ptr);
if (all == NULL) {
perror("Fatal error internalizing capabilities");
exit(1);
}
cap_free(text);
free(ptr);
if (raised_for_setpcap != NULL) {
/*
* This is only for the case that pP does not contain
* the requested change to pI.. Failing here is not
* indicative of the cap_set_proc(all) failing (always).
*/
(void) cap_set_proc(raised_for_setpcap);
cap_free(raised_for_setpcap);
raised_for_setpcap = NULL;
}
if (cap_set_proc(all) != 0) {
perror("Unable to set inheritable capabilities");
exit(1);
}
/*
* Since status is based on orig, we don't want to restore
* the previous value of 'all' again here!
*/
cap_free(all);
} else if (!memcmp("--caps=", argv[i], 7)) {
cap_t all, raised_for_setpcap;
raised_for_setpcap = cap_get_proc();
if (raised_for_setpcap == NULL) {
perror("Capabilities not available");
exit(1);
}
if ((raised_for_setpcap != NULL)
&& (cap_set_flag(raised_for_setpcap, CAP_EFFECTIVE, 1,
raise_setpcap, CAP_SET) != 0)) {
cap_free(raised_for_setpcap);
raised_for_setpcap = NULL;
}
all = cap_from_text(argv[i]+7);
if (all == NULL) {
fprintf(stderr, "unable to interpret [%s]\n", argv[i]);
exit(1);
}
if (raised_for_setpcap != NULL) {
/*
* This is only for the case that pP does not contain
* the requested change to pI.. Failing here is not
* indicative of the cap_set_proc(all) failing (always).
*/
(void) cap_set_proc(raised_for_setpcap);
cap_free(raised_for_setpcap);
raised_for_setpcap = NULL;
}
if (cap_set_proc(all) != 0) {
fprintf(stderr, "Unable to set capabilities [%s]\n", argv[i]);
exit(1);
}
/*
* Since status is based on orig, we don't want to restore
* the previous value of 'all' again here!
*/
cap_free(all);
} else if (!memcmp("--keep=", argv[i], 7)) {
unsigned value;
int set;
value = strtoul(argv[i]+7, NULL, 0);
set = prctl(PR_SET_KEEPCAPS, value);
if (set < 0) {
fprintf(stderr, "prctl(PR_SET_KEEPCAPS, %u) failed: %s\n",
value, strerror(errno));
exit(1);
}
} else if (!memcmp("--chroot=", argv[i], 9)) {
int status;
cap_t orig, raised_for_chroot;
orig = cap_get_proc();
if (orig == NULL) {
perror("Capabilities not available");
exit(1);
}
raised_for_chroot = cap_dup(orig);
if (raised_for_chroot == NULL) {
perror("Unable to duplicate capabilities");
exit(1);
}
if (cap_set_flag(raised_for_chroot, CAP_EFFECTIVE, 1, raise_chroot,
CAP_SET) != 0) {
perror("unable to select CAP_SET_SYS_CHROOT");
exit(1);
}
if (cap_set_proc(raised_for_chroot) != 0) {
perror("unable to raise CAP_SYS_CHROOT");
exit(1);
}
cap_free(raised_for_chroot);
status = chroot(argv[i]+9);
if (cap_set_proc(orig) != 0) {
perror("unable to lower CAP_SYS_CHROOT");
exit(1);
}
/*
* Given we are now in a new directory tree, its good practice
* to start off in a sane location
*/
status = chdir("/");
cap_free(orig);
if (status != 0) {
fprintf(stderr, "Unable to chroot/chdir to [%s]", argv[i]+9);
exit(1);
}
} else if (!memcmp("--secbits=", argv[i], 10)) {
unsigned value;
int status;
value = strtoul(argv[i]+10, NULL, 0);
status = prctl(PR_SET_SECUREBITS, value);
if (status < 0) {
fprintf(stderr, "failed to set securebits to 0%o/0x%x\n",
value, value);
exit(1);
}
} else if (!memcmp("--forkfor=", argv[i], 10)) {
unsigned value;
value = strtoul(argv[i]+10, NULL, 0);
if (value == 0) {
goto usage;
}
child = fork();
if (child < 0) {
perror("unable to fork()");
} else if (!child) {
sleep(value);
exit(0);
}
} else if (!memcmp("--killit=", argv[i], 9)) {
int retval, status;
pid_t result;
unsigned value;
value = strtoul(argv[i]+9, NULL, 0);
if (!child) {
fprintf(stderr, "no forked process to kill\n");
exit(1);
}
retval = kill(child, value);
if (retval != 0) {
perror("Unable to kill child process");
exit(1);
}
result = waitpid(child, &status, 0);
if (result != child) {
fprintf(stderr, "waitpid didn't match child: %u != %u\n",
child, result);
exit(1);
}
if (WTERMSIG(status) != value) {
fprintf(stderr, "child terminated with odd signal (%d != %d)\n"
, value, WTERMSIG(status));
exit(1);
}
} else if (!memcmp("--uid=", argv[i], 6)) {
unsigned value;
int status;
value = strtoul(argv[i]+6, NULL, 0);
status = setuid(value);
if (status < 0) {
fprintf(stderr, "Failed to set uid=%u: %s\n",
value, strerror(errno));
exit(1);
}
} else if (!memcmp("--gid=", argv[i], 6)) {
unsigned value;
int status;
value = strtoul(argv[i]+6, NULL, 0);
status = setgid(value);
if (status < 0) {
fprintf(stderr, "Failed to set gid=%u: %s\n",
value, strerror(errno));
exit(1);
}
} else if (!memcmp("--groups=", argv[i], 9)) {
char *ptr, *buf;
long length, max_groups;
gid_t *group_list;
int g_count;
length = sysconf(_SC_GETGR_R_SIZE_MAX);
buf = calloc(1, length);
if (NULL == buf) {
fprintf(stderr, "No memory for [%s] operation\n", argv[i]);
exit(1);
}
max_groups = sysconf(_SC_NGROUPS_MAX);
group_list = calloc(max_groups, sizeof(gid_t));
if (NULL == group_list) {
fprintf(stderr, "No memory for gid list\n");
exit(1);
}
g_count = 0;
for (ptr = argv[i] + 9; (ptr = strtok(ptr, ","));
ptr = NULL, g_count++) {
if (max_groups <= g_count) {
fprintf(stderr, "Too many groups specified (%d)\n", g_count);
exit(1);
}
if (!isdigit(*ptr)) {
struct group *g, grp;
getgrnam_r(ptr, &grp, buf, length, &g);
if (NULL == g) {
fprintf(stderr, "Failed to identify gid for group [%s]\n", ptr);
exit(1);
}
group_list[g_count] = g->gr_gid;
} else {
group_list[g_count] = strtoul(ptr, NULL, 0);
}
}
free(buf);
if (setgroups(g_count, group_list) != 0) {
fprintf(stderr, "Failed to setgroups.\n");
exit(1);
}
free(group_list);
} else if (!memcmp("--user=", argv[i], 7)) {
struct passwd *pwd;
const char *user;
gid_t groups[MAX_GROUPS];
int status, ngroups;
user = argv[i] + 7;
pwd = getpwnam(user);
if (pwd == NULL) {
fprintf(stderr, "User [%s] not known\n", user);
exit(1);
}
ngroups = MAX_GROUPS;
status = getgrouplist(user, pwd->pw_gid, groups, &ngroups);
if (status < 1) {
perror("Unable to get group list for user");
exit(1);
}
status = setgroups(ngroups, groups);
if (status != 0) {
perror("Unable to set group list for user");
exit(1);
}
status = setgid(pwd->pw_gid);
if (status < 0) {
fprintf(stderr, "Failed to set gid=%u(user=%s): %s\n",
pwd->pw_gid, user, strerror(errno));
exit(1);
}
status = setuid(pwd->pw_uid);
if (status < 0) {
fprintf(stderr, "Failed to set uid=%u(user=%s): %s\n",
pwd->pw_uid, user, strerror(errno));
exit(1);
}
} else if (!memcmp("--decode=", argv[i], 9)) {
unsigned long long value;
unsigned cap;
const char *sep = "";
/* Note, if capabilities become longer than 64-bits we'll need
to fixup the following code.. */
value = strtoull(argv[i]+9, NULL, 16);
printf("0x%016llx=", value);
for (cap=0; (cap < 64) && (value >> cap); ++cap) {
if (value & (1ULL << cap)) {
char *ptr;
ptr = cap_to_name(cap);
if (ptr != NULL) {
printf("%s%s", sep, ptr);
cap_free(ptr);
} else {
printf("%s%u", sep, cap);
}
sep = ",";
}
}
printf("\n");
} else if (!memcmp("--supports=", argv[i], 11)) {
cap_value_t cap;
if (cap_from_name(argv[i] + 11, &cap) < 0) {
fprintf(stderr, "cap[%s] not recognized by library\n",
argv[i] + 11);
exit(1);
}
if (!CAP_IS_SUPPORTED(cap)) {
fprintf(stderr, "cap[%s=%d] not supported by kernel\n",
argv[i] + 11, cap);
exit(1);
}
} else if (!strcmp("--print", argv[i])) {
arg_print();
} else if ((!strcmp("--", argv[i])) || (!strcmp("==", argv[i]))) {
argv[i] = strdup(argv[i][0] == '-' ? "/bin/bash" : argv[0]);
argv[argc] = NULL;
execve(argv[i], argv+i, envp);
fprintf(stderr, "execve /bin/bash failed!\n");
exit(1);
} else {
usage:
printf("usage: %s [args ...]\n"
" --help this message (or try 'man capsh')\n"
" --print display capability relevant state\n"
" --decode=xxx decode a hex string to a list of caps\n"
" --supports=xxx exit 1 if capability xxx unsupported\n"
" --drop=xxx remove xxx,.. capabilities from bset\n"
" --addamb=xxx add xxx,... capabilities to ambient set\n"
" --delamb=xxx remove xxx,... capabilities from ambient\n"
" --noamb=xxx reset the ambient capabilities\n"
" --caps=xxx set caps as per cap_from_text()\n"
" --inh=xxx set xxx,.. inheritiable set\n"
" --secbits=<n> write a new value for securebits\n"
" --keep=<n> set keep-capabability bit to <n>\n"
" --uid=<n> set uid to <n> (hint: id <username>)\n"
" --gid=<n> set gid to <n> (hint: id <username>)\n"
" --groups=g,... set the supplemental groups\n"
" --user=<name> set uid,gid and groups to that of user\n"
" --chroot=path chroot(2) to this path\n"
" --killit=<n> send signal(n) to child\n"
" --forkfor=<n> fork and make child sleep for <n> sec\n"
" == re-exec(capsh) with args as for --\n"
" -- remaing arguments are for /bin/bash\n"
" (without -- [%s] will simply exit(0))\n",
argv[0], argv[0]);
exit(strcmp("--help", argv[i]) != 0);
}
}
exit(0);
}