/*
* Clock functions
*/
#include <math.h>
#include "fio.h"
#include "os/os.h"
#if defined(ARCH_HAVE_CPU_CLOCK)
#ifndef ARCH_CPU_CLOCK_CYCLES_PER_USEC
static unsigned long long cycles_per_msec;
static unsigned long long cycles_start;
static unsigned long long clock_mult;
static unsigned long long max_cycles_mask;
static unsigned long long nsecs_for_max_cycles;
static unsigned int clock_shift;
static unsigned int max_cycles_shift;
#define MAX_CLOCK_SEC 60*60
#endif
#ifdef ARCH_CPU_CLOCK_WRAPS
static unsigned int cycles_wrap;
#endif
#endif
bool tsc_reliable = false;
struct tv_valid {
int warned;
};
#ifdef ARCH_HAVE_CPU_CLOCK
#ifdef CONFIG_TLS_THREAD
static __thread struct tv_valid static_tv_valid;
#else
static pthread_key_t tv_tls_key;
#endif
#endif
enum fio_cs fio_clock_source = FIO_PREFERRED_CLOCK_SOURCE;
int fio_clock_source_set = 0;
static enum fio_cs fio_clock_source_inited = CS_INVAL;
#ifdef FIO_DEBUG_TIME
#define HASH_BITS 8
#define HASH_SIZE (1 << HASH_BITS)
static struct flist_head hash[HASH_SIZE];
static int gtod_inited;
struct gtod_log {
struct flist_head list;
void *caller;
unsigned long calls;
};
static struct gtod_log *find_hash(void *caller)
{
unsigned long h = hash_ptr(caller, HASH_BITS);
struct flist_head *entry;
flist_for_each(entry, &hash[h]) {
struct gtod_log *log = flist_entry(entry, struct gtod_log,
list);
if (log->caller == caller)
return log;
}
return NULL;
}
static void inc_caller(void *caller)
{
struct gtod_log *log = find_hash(caller);
if (!log) {
unsigned long h;
log = malloc(sizeof(*log));
INIT_FLIST_HEAD(&log->list);
log->caller = caller;
log->calls = 0;
h = hash_ptr(caller, HASH_BITS);
flist_add_tail(&log->list, &hash[h]);
}
log->calls++;
}
static void gtod_log_caller(void *caller)
{
if (gtod_inited)
inc_caller(caller);
}
static void fio_exit fio_dump_gtod(void)
{
unsigned long total_calls = 0;
int i;
for (i = 0; i < HASH_SIZE; i++) {
struct flist_head *entry;
struct gtod_log *log;
flist_for_each(entry, &hash[i]) {
log = flist_entry(entry, struct gtod_log, list);
printf("function %p, calls %lu\n", log->caller,
log->calls);
total_calls += log->calls;
}
}
printf("Total %lu gettimeofday\n", total_calls);
}
static void fio_init gtod_init(void)
{
int i;
for (i = 0; i < HASH_SIZE; i++)
INIT_FLIST_HEAD(&hash[i]);
gtod_inited = 1;
}
#endif /* FIO_DEBUG_TIME */
#ifdef CONFIG_CLOCK_GETTIME
static int fill_clock_gettime(struct timespec *ts)
{
#if defined(CONFIG_CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)
return clock_gettime(CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW, ts);
#elif defined(CONFIG_CLOCK_MONOTONIC)
return clock_gettime(CLOCK_MONOTONIC, ts);
#else
return clock_gettime(CLOCK_REALTIME, ts);
#endif
}
#endif
static void __fio_gettime(struct timespec *tp)
{
switch (fio_clock_source) {
#ifdef CONFIG_GETTIMEOFDAY
case CS_GTOD: {
struct timeval tv;
gettimeofday(&tv, NULL);
tp->tv_sec = tv.tv_sec;
tp->tv_nsec = tv.tv_usec * 1000;
break;
}
#endif
#ifdef CONFIG_CLOCK_GETTIME
case CS_CGETTIME: {
if (fill_clock_gettime(tp) < 0) {
log_err("fio: clock_gettime fails\n");
assert(0);
}
break;
}
#endif
#ifdef ARCH_HAVE_CPU_CLOCK
case CS_CPUCLOCK: {
uint64_t nsecs, t, multiples;
struct tv_valid *tv;
#ifdef CONFIG_TLS_THREAD
tv = &static_tv_valid;
#else
tv = pthread_getspecific(tv_tls_key);
#endif
t = get_cpu_clock();
#ifdef ARCH_CPU_CLOCK_WRAPS
if (t < cycles_start && !cycles_wrap)
cycles_wrap = 1;
else if (cycles_wrap && t >= cycles_start && !tv->warned) {
log_err("fio: double CPU clock wrap\n");
tv->warned = 1;
}
#endif
#ifdef ARCH_CPU_CLOCK_CYCLES_PER_USEC
nsecs = t / ARCH_CPU_CLOCK_CYCLES_PER_USEC * 1000;
#else
t -= cycles_start;
multiples = t >> max_cycles_shift;
nsecs = multiples * nsecs_for_max_cycles;
nsecs += ((t & max_cycles_mask) * clock_mult) >> clock_shift;
#endif
tp->tv_sec = nsecs / 1000000000ULL;
tp->tv_nsec = nsecs % 1000000000ULL;
break;
}
#endif
default:
log_err("fio: invalid clock source %d\n", fio_clock_source);
break;
}
}
#ifdef FIO_DEBUG_TIME
void fio_gettime(struct timespec *tp, void *caller)
#else
void fio_gettime(struct timespec *tp, void fio_unused *caller)
#endif
{
#ifdef FIO_DEBUG_TIME
if (!caller)
caller = __builtin_return_address(0);
gtod_log_caller(caller);
#endif
if (fio_unlikely(fio_gettime_offload(tp)))
return;
__fio_gettime(tp);
}
#if defined(ARCH_HAVE_CPU_CLOCK) && !defined(ARCH_CPU_CLOCK_CYCLES_PER_USEC)
static unsigned long get_cycles_per_msec(void)
{
struct timespec s, e;
uint64_t c_s, c_e;
enum fio_cs old_cs = fio_clock_source;
uint64_t elapsed;
#ifdef CONFIG_CLOCK_GETTIME
fio_clock_source = CS_CGETTIME;
#else
fio_clock_source = CS_GTOD;
#endif
__fio_gettime(&s);
c_s = get_cpu_clock();
do {
__fio_gettime(&e);
c_e = get_cpu_clock();
elapsed = ntime_since(&s, &e);
if (elapsed >= 1280000)
break;
} while (1);
fio_clock_source = old_cs;
return (c_e - c_s) * 1000000 / elapsed;
}
#define NR_TIME_ITERS 50
static int calibrate_cpu_clock(void)
{
double delta, mean, S;
uint64_t minc, maxc, avg, cycles[NR_TIME_ITERS];
int i, samples, sft = 0;
unsigned long long tmp, max_ticks, max_mult;
cycles[0] = get_cycles_per_msec();
S = delta = mean = 0.0;
for (i = 0; i < NR_TIME_ITERS; i++) {
cycles[i] = get_cycles_per_msec();
delta = cycles[i] - mean;
if (delta) {
mean += delta / (i + 1.0);
S += delta * (cycles[i] - mean);
}
}
/*
* The most common platform clock breakage is returning zero
* indefinitely. Check for that and return failure.
*/
if (!cycles[0] && !cycles[NR_TIME_ITERS - 1])
return 1;
S = sqrt(S / (NR_TIME_ITERS - 1.0));
minc = -1ULL;
maxc = samples = avg = 0;
for (i = 0; i < NR_TIME_ITERS; i++) {
double this = cycles[i];
minc = min(cycles[i], minc);
maxc = max(cycles[i], maxc);
if ((fmax(this, mean) - fmin(this, mean)) > S)
continue;
samples++;
avg += this;
}
S /= (double) NR_TIME_ITERS;
for (i = 0; i < NR_TIME_ITERS; i++)
dprint(FD_TIME, "cycles[%d]=%llu\n", i, (unsigned long long) cycles[i]);
avg /= samples;
cycles_per_msec = avg;
dprint(FD_TIME, "min=%llu, max=%llu, mean=%f, S=%f, N=%d\n",
(unsigned long long) minc,
(unsigned long long) maxc, mean, S, NR_TIME_ITERS);
dprint(FD_TIME, "trimmed mean=%llu, N=%d\n", (unsigned long long) avg, samples);
max_ticks = MAX_CLOCK_SEC * cycles_per_msec * 1000ULL;
max_mult = ULLONG_MAX / max_ticks;
dprint(FD_TIME, "\n\nmax_ticks=%llu, __builtin_clzll=%d, "
"max_mult=%llu\n", max_ticks,
__builtin_clzll(max_ticks), max_mult);
/*
* Find the largest shift count that will produce
* a multiplier that does not exceed max_mult
*/
tmp = max_mult * cycles_per_msec / 1000000;
while (tmp > 1) {
tmp >>= 1;
sft++;
dprint(FD_TIME, "tmp=%llu, sft=%u\n", tmp, sft);
}
clock_shift = sft;
clock_mult = (1ULL << sft) * 1000000 / cycles_per_msec;
dprint(FD_TIME, "clock_shift=%u, clock_mult=%llu\n", clock_shift,
clock_mult);
/*
* Find the greatest power of 2 clock ticks that is less than the
* ticks in MAX_CLOCK_SEC_2STAGE
*/
max_cycles_shift = max_cycles_mask = 0;
tmp = MAX_CLOCK_SEC * 1000ULL * cycles_per_msec;
dprint(FD_TIME, "tmp=%llu, max_cycles_shift=%u\n", tmp,
max_cycles_shift);
while (tmp > 1) {
tmp >>= 1;
max_cycles_shift++;
dprint(FD_TIME, "tmp=%llu, max_cycles_shift=%u\n", tmp, max_cycles_shift);
}
/*
* if use use (1ULL << max_cycles_shift) * 1000 / cycles_per_msec
* here we will have a discontinuity every
* (1ULL << max_cycles_shift) cycles
*/
nsecs_for_max_cycles = ((1ULL << max_cycles_shift) * clock_mult)
>> clock_shift;
/* Use a bitmask to calculate ticks % (1ULL << max_cycles_shift) */
for (tmp = 0; tmp < max_cycles_shift; tmp++)
max_cycles_mask |= 1ULL << tmp;
dprint(FD_TIME, "max_cycles_shift=%u, 2^max_cycles_shift=%llu, "
"nsecs_for_max_cycles=%llu, "
"max_cycles_mask=%016llx\n",
max_cycles_shift, (1ULL << max_cycles_shift),
nsecs_for_max_cycles, max_cycles_mask);
cycles_start = get_cpu_clock();
dprint(FD_TIME, "cycles_start=%llu\n", cycles_start);
return 0;
}
#else
static int calibrate_cpu_clock(void)
{
#ifdef ARCH_CPU_CLOCK_CYCLES_PER_USEC
return 0;
#else
return 1;
#endif
}
#endif // ARCH_HAVE_CPU_CLOCK
#if defined(ARCH_HAVE_CPU_CLOCK) && !defined(CONFIG_TLS_THREAD)
void fio_local_clock_init(void)
{
struct tv_valid *t;
t = calloc(1, sizeof(*t));
if (pthread_setspecific(tv_tls_key, t)) {
log_err("fio: can't set TLS key\n");
assert(0);
}
}
static void kill_tv_tls_key(void *data)
{
free(data);
}
#else
void fio_local_clock_init(void)
{
}
#endif
void fio_clock_init(void)
{
if (fio_clock_source == fio_clock_source_inited)
return;
#if defined(ARCH_HAVE_CPU_CLOCK) && !defined(CONFIG_TLS_THREAD)
if (pthread_key_create(&tv_tls_key, kill_tv_tls_key))
log_err("fio: can't create TLS key\n");
#endif
fio_clock_source_inited = fio_clock_source;
if (calibrate_cpu_clock())
tsc_reliable = false;
/*
* If the arch sets tsc_reliable != 0, then it must be good enough
* to use as THE clock source. For x86 CPUs, this means the TSC
* runs at a constant rate and is synced across CPU cores.
*/
if (tsc_reliable) {
if (!fio_clock_source_set && !fio_monotonic_clocktest(0))
fio_clock_source = CS_CPUCLOCK;
} else if (fio_clock_source == CS_CPUCLOCK)
log_info("fio: clocksource=cpu may not be reliable\n");
dprint(FD_TIME, "gettime: clocksource=%d\n", (int) fio_clock_source);
}
uint64_t ntime_since(const struct timespec *s, const struct timespec *e)
{
int64_t sec, nsec;
sec = e->tv_sec - s->tv_sec;
nsec = e->tv_nsec - s->tv_nsec;
if (sec > 0 && nsec < 0) {
sec--;
nsec += 1000000000LL;
}
/*
* time warp bug on some kernels?
*/
if (sec < 0 || (sec == 0 && nsec < 0))
return 0;
return nsec + (sec * 1000000000LL);
}
uint64_t ntime_since_now(const struct timespec *s)
{
struct timespec now;
fio_gettime(&now, NULL);
return ntime_since(s, &now);
}
uint64_t utime_since(const struct timespec *s, const struct timespec *e)
{
int64_t sec, usec;
sec = e->tv_sec - s->tv_sec;
usec = (e->tv_nsec - s->tv_nsec) / 1000;
if (sec > 0 && usec < 0) {
sec--;
usec += 1000000;
}
/*
* time warp bug on some kernels?
*/
if (sec < 0 || (sec == 0 && usec < 0))
return 0;
return usec + (sec * 1000000);
}
uint64_t utime_since_now(const struct timespec *s)
{
struct timespec t;
#ifdef FIO_DEBUG_TIME
void *p = __builtin_return_address(0);
fio_gettime(&t, p);
#else
fio_gettime(&t, NULL);
#endif
return utime_since(s, &t);
}
uint64_t mtime_since_tv(const struct timeval *s, const struct timeval *e)
{
int64_t sec, usec;
sec = e->tv_sec - s->tv_sec;
usec = (e->tv_usec - s->tv_usec);
if (sec > 0 && usec < 0) {
sec--;
usec += 1000000;
}
if (sec < 0 || (sec == 0 && usec < 0))
return 0;
sec *= 1000;
usec /= 1000;
return sec + usec;
}
uint64_t mtime_since_now(const struct timespec *s)
{
struct timespec t;
#ifdef FIO_DEBUG_TIME
void *p = __builtin_return_address(0);
fio_gettime(&t, p);
#else
fio_gettime(&t, NULL);
#endif
return mtime_since(s, &t);
}
uint64_t mtime_since(const struct timespec *s, const struct timespec *e)
{
int64_t sec, usec;
sec = e->tv_sec - s->tv_sec;
usec = (e->tv_nsec - s->tv_nsec) / 1000;
if (sec > 0 && usec < 0) {
sec--;
usec += 1000000;
}
if (sec < 0 || (sec == 0 && usec < 0))
return 0;
sec *= 1000;
usec /= 1000;
return sec + usec;
}
uint64_t time_since_now(const struct timespec *s)
{
return mtime_since_now(s) / 1000;
}
#if defined(FIO_HAVE_CPU_AFFINITY) && defined(ARCH_HAVE_CPU_CLOCK) && \
defined(CONFIG_SYNC_SYNC) && defined(CONFIG_CMP_SWAP)
#define CLOCK_ENTRIES_DEBUG 100000
#define CLOCK_ENTRIES_TEST 1000
struct clock_entry {
uint32_t seq;
uint32_t cpu;
uint64_t tsc;
};
struct clock_thread {
pthread_t thread;
int cpu;
int debug;
struct fio_sem lock;
unsigned long nr_entries;
uint32_t *seq;
struct clock_entry *entries;
};
static inline uint32_t atomic32_compare_and_swap(uint32_t *ptr, uint32_t old,
uint32_t new)
{
return __sync_val_compare_and_swap(ptr, old, new);
}
static void *clock_thread_fn(void *data)
{
struct clock_thread *t = data;
struct clock_entry *c;
os_cpu_mask_t cpu_mask;
unsigned long long first;
int i;
if (fio_cpuset_init(&cpu_mask)) {
int __err = errno;
log_err("clock cpuset init failed: %s\n", strerror(__err));
goto err_out;
}
fio_cpu_set(&cpu_mask, t->cpu);
if (fio_setaffinity(gettid(), cpu_mask) == -1) {
int __err = errno;
log_err("clock setaffinity failed: %s\n", strerror(__err));
goto err;
}
fio_sem_down(&t->lock);
first = get_cpu_clock();
c = &t->entries[0];
for (i = 0; i < t->nr_entries; i++, c++) {
uint32_t seq;
uint64_t tsc;
c->cpu = t->cpu;
do {
seq = *t->seq;
if (seq == UINT_MAX)
break;
__sync_synchronize();
tsc = get_cpu_clock();
} while (seq != atomic32_compare_and_swap(t->seq, seq, seq + 1));
if (seq == UINT_MAX)
break;
c->seq = seq;
c->tsc = tsc;
}
if (t->debug) {
unsigned long long clocks;
clocks = t->entries[i - 1].tsc - t->entries[0].tsc;
log_info("cs: cpu%3d: %llu clocks seen, first %llu\n", t->cpu,
clocks, first);
}
/*
* The most common platform clock breakage is returning zero
* indefinitely. Check for that and return failure.
*/
if (i > 1 && !t->entries[i - 1].tsc && !t->entries[0].tsc)
goto err;
fio_cpuset_exit(&cpu_mask);
return NULL;
err:
fio_cpuset_exit(&cpu_mask);
err_out:
return (void *) 1;
}
static int clock_cmp(const void *p1, const void *p2)
{
const struct clock_entry *c1 = p1;
const struct clock_entry *c2 = p2;
if (c1->seq == c2->seq)
log_err("cs: bug in atomic sequence!\n");
return c1->seq - c2->seq;
}
int fio_monotonic_clocktest(int debug)
{
struct clock_thread *cthreads;
unsigned int nr_cpus = cpus_online();
struct clock_entry *entries;
unsigned long nr_entries, tentries, failed = 0;
struct clock_entry *prev, *this;
uint32_t seq = 0;
unsigned int i;
if (debug) {
log_info("cs: reliable_tsc: %s\n", tsc_reliable ? "yes" : "no");
#ifdef FIO_INC_DEBUG
fio_debug |= 1U << FD_TIME;
#endif
nr_entries = CLOCK_ENTRIES_DEBUG;
} else
nr_entries = CLOCK_ENTRIES_TEST;
calibrate_cpu_clock();
if (debug) {
#ifdef FIO_INC_DEBUG
fio_debug &= ~(1U << FD_TIME);
#endif
}
cthreads = malloc(nr_cpus * sizeof(struct clock_thread));
tentries = nr_entries * nr_cpus;
entries = malloc(tentries * sizeof(struct clock_entry));
if (debug)
log_info("cs: Testing %u CPUs\n", nr_cpus);
for (i = 0; i < nr_cpus; i++) {
struct clock_thread *t = &cthreads[i];
t->cpu = i;
t->debug = debug;
t->seq = &seq;
t->nr_entries = nr_entries;
t->entries = &entries[i * nr_entries];
__fio_sem_init(&t->lock, FIO_SEM_LOCKED);
if (pthread_create(&t->thread, NULL, clock_thread_fn, t)) {
failed++;
nr_cpus = i;
break;
}
}
for (i = 0; i < nr_cpus; i++) {
struct clock_thread *t = &cthreads[i];
fio_sem_up(&t->lock);
}
for (i = 0; i < nr_cpus; i++) {
struct clock_thread *t = &cthreads[i];
void *ret;
pthread_join(t->thread, &ret);
if (ret)
failed++;
__fio_sem_remove(&t->lock);
}
free(cthreads);
if (failed) {
if (debug)
log_err("Clocksource test: %lu threads failed\n", failed);
goto err;
}
qsort(entries, tentries, sizeof(struct clock_entry), clock_cmp);
/* silence silly gcc */
prev = NULL;
for (failed = i = 0; i < tentries; i++) {
this = &entries[i];
if (!i) {
prev = this;
continue;
}
if (prev->tsc > this->tsc) {
uint64_t diff = prev->tsc - this->tsc;
if (!debug) {
failed++;
break;
}
log_info("cs: CPU clock mismatch (diff=%llu):\n",
(unsigned long long) diff);
log_info("\t CPU%3u: TSC=%llu, SEQ=%u\n", prev->cpu, (unsigned long long) prev->tsc, prev->seq);
log_info("\t CPU%3u: TSC=%llu, SEQ=%u\n", this->cpu, (unsigned long long) this->tsc, this->seq);
failed++;
}
prev = this;
}
if (debug) {
if (failed)
log_info("cs: Failed: %lu\n", failed);
else
log_info("cs: Pass!\n");
}
err:
free(entries);
return !!failed;
}
#else /* defined(FIO_HAVE_CPU_AFFINITY) && defined(ARCH_HAVE_CPU_CLOCK) */
int fio_monotonic_clocktest(int debug)
{
if (debug)
log_info("cs: current platform does not support CPU clocks\n");
return 1;
}
#endif