source-git / espeak-ng

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  3.   ph_english_us
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//*******************************************************************
// VOWELS
//*******************************************************************


phoneme 3    //  Schwa, used for rhotic schwa in American
  vwl   starttype #@  endtype #@
  ipa ɚ
  unstressed
  length 210
  IfNextVowelAppend(r-)
  FMT(vwl_en_us/3_us)
endphoneme


phoneme @    //  Schwa
  vwl   starttype #@  endtype #@
  unstressed
  length 130
  IF nextPh(isRhotic) THEN
    ChangePhoneme(3)
  ENDIF
  IF thisPh(isWordEnd) THEN
    FMT(vowel/@_6)
  ENDIF
  FMT(vowel/@_4)
endphoneme


phoneme @2   //  Schwa, changes to I before a vowel
  vwl  starttype #@  endtype #@
  unstressed
  length 120
  IF nextPh(isVowel) THEN
    ChangePhoneme(I2)
  ENDIF
  FMT(vowel/@_low2)
endphoneme


phoneme a
  vwl  starttype #e  endtype #@
  ipa æ
  length 210

  ChangeIfDiminished(a#)

  IF nextPh(isNasal) AND NOT KlattSynth THEN
    FMT(vnasal/ee_n2)
  ELSEIF nextPh(r) AND thisPh(isStressed) THEN
    length 190
    FMT(vwl_en_us/ar)
  ENDIF
  FMT(vwl_en_us/a)
endphoneme


phoneme aa   //   'bath' etc.
  import_phoneme en-us/a
endphoneme


phoneme a#
  vwl  starttype #@  endtype #@
  ipa ɐ
  unstressed
  length 150

  IF thisPh(isStressed) THEN
    ChangePhoneme(a)
  ENDIF

  IF nextPhW(r) THEN
    ChangePhoneme(3)
  ENDIF
  
  FMT(vowel/a#_3)
endphoneme


phoneme E
  vwl  starttype #e  endtype #e
  length 190
  IF nextPhW(n) THEN
    ChangeIfDiminished(@)
  ELSE
    ChangeIfDiminished(I2)
  ENDIF
  FMT(vwl_en_us/ee)
endphoneme


phoneme I
  vwl  starttype #i endtype #i
  length 160
  IfNextVowelAppend(;)
  ChangeIfDiminished(I2)
  
  IF nextPhW(r) THEN
    length 200
  ENDIF

  FMT(vowel/ii_4)
endphoneme


phoneme I2
  vwl  starttype #i  endtype #i
  unstressed
  length 160
  IfNextVowelAppend(;)
  FMT(vowel/ii#_3)
endphoneme


phoneme I#
  vwl  starttype #i  endtype #i
  unstressed
  length 160
  ipa ᵻ
//  FMT(vowel/@_fnt)
  FMT(vowel/ii#)
endphoneme


phoneme 0
  vwl  starttype #a   endtype #a
  length 220
  ipa ɑː
  ChangeIfDiminished(@)
  IF nextPh(r) THEN
    ChangePhoneme(O:)
  ENDIF
  FMT(vowel/aa_8)
endphoneme


phoneme 02   // becomes V in en-us
  vwl  starttype #o  endtype #o
  length 140
  ChangePhoneme(V)
endphoneme


phoneme O2
  vwl  starttype #o  endtype #o
  length 220
  FMT(vowel/aa#) // Same as /O/, but not diminished.
endphoneme


phoneme V
  vwl  starttype #a  endtype #@
  length 170
  ChangeIfDiminished(@)
  FMT(vowel/V_6)
endphoneme


phoneme U
  vwl  starttype #o  endtype #o
  length 145
  FMT(vowel/8_2)
endphoneme


phoneme A:
  vwl  starttype #a  endtype #a
  length 220
  IF nextPhW(r) THEN
    FMT(vwl_en_us/aar)
  ENDIF
  FMT(vowel/aa_8)
endphoneme


phoneme A@      // Used for [A:] when followed by 'r', becomes [A:]+[r] in American
  vwl  starttype #a  endtype #a
  ipa ɑː|ɹ
  IF nextPh(r-) THEN
    ipa ɑː
  ENDIF
  length 260
  IfNextVowelAppend(r-)
  FMT(vwl_en_us/aar)
endphoneme


phoneme A#    // [a] in British [A:] in American 
  vwl  starttype #a  endtype #a
  ChangePhoneme(A:)
endphoneme


phoneme 3:
  vwl  starttype #@  endtype #@
  length 210
  IfNextVowelAppend(r-)
  ChangeIfDiminished(3)
  FMT(vwl_en_us/3_us2)
endphoneme


phoneme i:
  vwl  starttype #i  endtype #i
  length 180
  IfNextVowelAppend(;)
  FMT(vowel/i_en)
endphoneme


phoneme O:
  vwl  starttype #o  endtype #o
  length 220
  ChangeIfDiminished(@)
  IF nextPhW(r) THEN
    FMT(vwl_en_us/oor)
  ENDIF
  FMT(vowel/0_3)
endphoneme


phoneme O@
  vwl  starttype #o  endtype #@
  length 250
  ipa ɔː|ɹ
  IF nextPhW(r) THEN
    ipa ɔː
  ENDIF
  IfNextVowelAppend(r)
  FMT(vwl_en_us/oor)
endphoneme


phoneme o@
  vwl  starttype #o  endtype #@
  length 250
  ipa oː|ɹ
  IF nextPhW(r) THEN
    ipa oː
  ENDIF
  IfNextVowelAppend(r)
  FMT(vwl_en_us/or)
endphoneme


phoneme O
  vwl  starttype #o  endtype #o
  length 200
  ChangeIfDiminished(@)
  FMT(vowel/aa#)
endphoneme


phoneme u:
  vwl  starttype #u  endtype #u
  length 190
  
  IF prevPhW(j)  AND NOT thisPh(isWordEnd) THEN
    length 160
  ENDIF
  
  FMT(vdiph2/uw_6)
endphoneme


phoneme aU
  vwl  starttype #a  endtype #o
  length 235
  FMT(vdiph/aoo)
endphoneme


phoneme oU
  vwl  starttype #@  endtype #u
  length 230
  FMT(vdiph/8u)
endphoneme


phoneme aI
  vwl  starttype #a  endtype #i
  length 240
  IF nextPh(#a) OR nextPh(#o) THEN
    AppendPhoneme(;)
  ENDIF
  FMT(vwl_en_us/ai)
endphoneme


phoneme eI
  vwl  starttype #e  endtype #i
  length 220
  FMT(vdiph2/ei_4)
//  FMT(vdiph/eei_5)
endphoneme


phoneme OI
  vwl  starttype #o  endtype #i
  length 270
  FMT(vdiph/ooi_3)
endphoneme


phoneme e@
  vwl  starttype #e  endtype #@
  length 260
  ipa ɛ|ɹ
  IF nextPhW(r) THEN
    ipa ɛ
  ENDIF
  IfNextVowelAppend(r)
  FMT(vwl_en_us/er)
endphoneme


phoneme i
  vwl  starttype #i  endtype #i
  unstressed
  ipa i
  length 170
  IfNextVowelAppend(;)

  IF NOT thisPh(isFinalVowel) THEN
    length 130
    FMT(vowel/ii_4)
  ENDIF

  FMT(vowel/ii_final)
endphoneme


phoneme i@
  vwl  starttype #i  endtype #@
  length 250
  FMT(vdiph2/ii@)  // don't append [r] before a vowel
endphoneme


phoneme i@3
  vwl  starttype #i  endtype #@
  length 280
  ipa ɪ|ɹ
  IF nextPhW(r) THEN
    ipa ɪ
  ENDIF
  IfNextVowelAppend(r)
  FMT(vwl_en_us/ir)
endphoneme


phoneme U@
  vwl  starttype #@  endtype #@
  length 250
  ipa ʊ|ɹ
  IF nextPhW(r-) THEN
    ipa ʊ
  ENDIF
  IfNextVowelAppend(r-)
  FMT(vwl_en_us/ur)
endphoneme


phoneme aI@
  vwl  starttype #a  endtype #@
  length 300
  ipa aɪə
  IfNextVowelAppend(r-)
  FMT(vwl_en_us/ai@)
endphoneme


phoneme aI3
  vwl  starttype #a  endtype #@
  length 310
  ipa aɪɚ
  IfNextVowelAppend(r-)
  FMT(vwl_en_us/ai3)
endphoneme


phoneme aU@
  vwl  starttype #a   endtype #@
  length 300
  ipa aɪʊɹ
  IF nextPhW(r) THEN
    ipa aɪʊ
  ENDIF
  IfNextVowelAppend(r)
  FMT(vwl_en_us/aU@)
endphoneme


//==============
// Consonants
//==============

phoneme r/   // used for [r] when not preceding a vowel
  liquid
  lengthmod 2   //
//  formants NULL
endphoneme


phoneme t#    // reduced [t] as in "city"
  vcd alv stp
  ipa ɾ
  lengthmod 5
  Vowelin f1=1  f2=1700 -300 300  f3=-100 80
  Vowelout f1=2 f2=1700 -300 300  f3=-100 80

  IF nextPh(isNotVowel) THEN
    ChangePhoneme(t)
  ENDIF

  IF KlattSynth THEN
    IF PreVoicing THEN
      FMT(klatt/x_tap)
    ENDIF
    FMT(klatt/tap2) addWav(x/d, 70)
  ENDIF

  IF PreVoicing THEN
    FMT(d/x_tap)
  ENDIF
  FMT(d/tap2) addWav(x/d, 50)
endphoneme


phoneme t
  vls alv stp
  voicingswitch d
  lengthmod 2
  Vowelin f1=0  f2=1700 -300 300  f3=-100 80
  Vowelout f1=0 f2=1700 -300 250  f3=-100 80  rms=20

  IF nextPhW(isVowel) AND nextPh(isUnstressed) THEN
    IF NOT next2PhW(n) OR nextPhW(3:) THEN
      IF prevPhW(isVowel) THEN
        ChangePhoneme(t#)
      ELIF prevPhW(n) THEN
        WAV(ustop/t, 60)
      ENDIF
    ENDIF
  ENDIF

  IF nextPh(isPause2) THEN
    WAV(ustop/t_)
  ELIF nextPh(r) OR nextPh(R) OR nextPh(R2) THEN
    WAV(ustop/tr)
  ELIF nextPh(@-) THEN
    WAV(ustop/t_dnt, 50)
  ENDIF
  WAV(ustop/t, 90)
endphoneme


phoneme t2   // [t] which doesn't reduce
  import_phoneme  base1/t
endphoneme

phoneme ?  // glottal stp
  vls glt stp
  lengthmod 1   // 5? longer preceding vowel
  nolink
  Vowelin  glstop
  Vowelout glstop
  WAV(ustop/null)
endphoneme

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