CDRECORD(1) Schily's USER COMMANDS CDRECORD(1)
NNAAMMEE
cdrecord - record audio or data Compact Discs from a mas-
ter
SSYYNNOOPPSSIISS
ccddrreeccoorrdd [ _g_e_n_e_r_a_l _o_p_t_i_o_n_s ] ddeevv==_d_e_v_i_c_e [ _t_r_a_c_k _o_p_t_i_o_n_s ]
_t_r_a_c_k_1..._t_r_a_c_k_n
DDEESSCCRRIIPPTTIIOONN
CCddrreeccoorrdd is used to record data or audio Compact Discs on
an Orange Book CD-Recorder.
The _d_e_v_i_c_e refers to _s_c_s_i_b_u_s/_t_a_r_g_e_t/_l_u_n of the CD-
Recorder. Communication on _S_u_n_O_S is done with the SCSI
general driver ssccgg.. Other operating systems are using a
library simulation of this driver. Possible syntax is:
ddeevv== _s_c_s_i_b_u_s,_t_a_r_g_e_t,_l_u_n or ddeevv== _t_a_r_g_e_t,_l_u_n. In the latter
case, the CD-Recorder has to be connected to the default
SCSI bus of the machine. _S_c_s_i_b_u_s, _t_a_r_g_e_t and _l_u_n are
integer numbers. Some operating systems or SCSI transport
implementations may require to specify a filename in addi-
tion. In this case the correct syntax for the device is:
ddeevv== _d_e_v_i_c_e_n_a_m_e:_s_c_s_i_b_u_s,_t_a_r_g_e_t,_l_u_n or ddeevv== _d_e_v_i_c_e_n_a_m_e:_t_a_r_-
_g_e_t,_l_u_n. If the name of the device node that has been
specified on such a system refers to exactly one SCSI
device, a shorthand in the form ddeevv== _d_e_v_i_c_e_n_a_m_e:_@ or ddeevv==
_d_e_v_i_c_e_n_a_m_e:_@,_l_u_n may be used instead of ddeevv== _d_e_v_i_c_e_-
_n_a_m_e:_s_c_s_i_b_u_s,_t_a_r_g_e_t,_l_u_n.
To access remote SCSI devices, you need to prepend the
SCSI device name by a remote device indicator. The remote
device indicator is either RREEMMOOTTEE::_u_s_e_r_@_h_o_s_t_: or
RREEMMOOTTEE::_h_o_s_t_:
A valid remote SCSI device name may be: RREEMMOOTTEE::_u_s_e_r_@_h_o_s_t_:
to allow remote SCSI bus scanning or
RREEMMOOTTEE::_u_s_e_r_@_h_o_s_t_:_1_,_0_,_0 to access the SCSI device at _h_o_s_t
connected to SCSI bus # 1,target 0 lun 0.
To access SCSI devices via alternate transport layers, you
need to prepend the SCSI device name by a transport layer
indicator. The transport layer indicator may be something
like UUSSCCSSII:: or AATTAAPPII::. To get a list of supported trans-
port layers for your platform, use ddeevv== _H_E_L_P:
To make ccddrreeccoorrdd portable to all UNIX platforms, the syn-
tax ddeevv== _d_e_v_i_c_e_n_a_m_e:_s_c_s_i_b_u_s,_t_a_r_g_e_t,_l_u_n is preferred as is
hides OS specific knowledge about device names from the
user. A specific OS must not necessarily support a way to
specify a real device file name nor a way to specify _s_c_s_i_-
_b_u_s,_t_a_r_g_e_t,_l_u_n.
_S_c_s_i_b_u_s 0 is the default SCSI bus on the machine. Watch
the boot messages for more information or look into
//vvaarr//aaddmm//mmeessssaaggeess for more information about the SCSI con-
figuration of your machine. If you have problems to fig-
ure out what values for _s_c_s_i_b_u_s,_t_a_r_g_e_t,_l_u_n should be used,
try the --ssccaannbbuuss option of ccddrreeccoorrdd described below.
If a file /etc/default/cdrecord exists, the parameter to
the ddeevv== option may also be a drive name label in said
file (see FILES section).
On SSVVrr44 compliant systems, ccddrreeccoorrdd uses the the real time
class to get the highest scheduling priority that is pos-
sible (higher than all kernel processes). On systems with
PPOOSSIIXX rreeaall ttiimmee sscchheedduulliinngg cdrecord uses real time
scheduling too, but may not be able to gain a priority
that is higher than all kernel processes.
In _T_r_a_c_k _A_t _O_n_c_e mode, each _t_r_a_c_k corresponds to a single
file that contains the prepared data for that track. If
the argument is `--', standard input is used for that
track. Only one track may be taken from _s_t_d_i_n.
GGEENNEERRAALL OOPPTTIIOONNSS
General options must be before any track file name or
track option.
--vveerrssiioonn
Print version information and exit.
--vv Increment the level of general verbosity by one.
This is used e.g. to display the progress of the
writing process.
--VV Increment the verbose level in respect of SCSI com-
mand transport by one. This helps to debug prob-
lems during the writing process, that occur in the
CD-Recorder. If you get incomprehensible error
messages you should use this flag to get more
detailed output. --VVVV will show data buffer content
in addition. Using --VV or --VVVV slows down the pro-
cess and may be the reason for a buffer underrun.
ddeebbuugg==_#_, --dd
Set the misc debug value to # (with debug=#) or
increment the misc debug level by one (with -d). If
you specify _-_d_d_, this equals to ddeebbuugg==_2_. This may
help to find problems while opening a driver for
libscg as well as with sector sizes and sector
types. Using --ddeebbuugg slows down the process and may
be the reason for a buffer underrun.
kkddeebbuugg==#, kkdd==#
Tell the ssccgg-driver to modify the kernel debug
value while SCSI commands are running.
--ssiilleenntt, --ss
Do not print out a status report for failed SCSI
commands.
--ffoorrccee Force to continue on some errors. Be careful when
using this option. CCddrreeccoorrdd implements several
checks that prevent you from doing unwanted things
like damaging CD-RW media by improper drives. Many
of the sanity checks are disabled when the --ffoorrccee
option is used.
This option also implements some tricks that will
allow you to blank bad CD-RW disks.
--iimmmmeedd Tell cdrecord to set the SSCCSSII IIMMMMEEDD flag in certain
commands (load/eject/blank/close_track/close_ses-
sion). This can be useful on broken systems with
ATAPI harddisk and CD/DVD writer on the same bus or
with SCSI systems that don't use disconnect/recon-
nect. These systems will freeze while blanking or
fixating a CD/DVD or while a DVD writer is filling
up a session to the minimum amount (approx. 800
MB). Setting the --iimmmmeedd flag will request the com-
mand to return immediately while the operation pro-
ceeds in background, making the bus usable for the
other devices and avoiding the system freeze. This
is an experimental feature which may work or not,
depending on the model of the CD/DVD writer. A
correct solution would be to set up a correct
cabling but there seem to be notebooks around that
have been set up the wrong way by the manufacturer.
As it is impossible to fix this problem in note-
books, the --iimmmmeedd option has been added.
A second experimental feature of the --iimmmmeedd flag is
to tell cdrecord to try to wait short times wile
writing to the media. This is expected to free the
IDE bus if the CD/DVD writer and the data source
are connected to the same IDE cable. In this case,
the CD/DVD writer would otherwise usually block the
IDE bus for nearly all the time making it impossi-
ble to fetch data from the source drive. See also
mmiinnbbuuff== and --vv option.
Use both features at your own risk. It it turns
out that it would make sense to have a separate
option for the the wait feature, write to the
author and convince him.
mmiinnbbuuff==_v_a_l_u_e
The # mmiinnbbuuff== options allows to define the minimum
drive buffer fill ratio for the experimental ATAPI
wait mode that is intended to free the IDE bus to
allow hard disk and CD/DVD writer to be on the same
IDE cable. As the wait mode currently only works
when the verbose option --vv has been specified,
ccddrreeccoorrdd implies the verbose option in case the
--iimmmmeedd or mmiinnbbuuff== option have been specified.
Valid values for mmiinnbbuuff== are between 25 and 95 for
25%...95% minimum drive buffer fill ratio.
--dduummmmyy The CD-Recorder will go through all steps of the
recording process, but the laser is turned off dur-
ing this procedure. It is recommended to run sev-
eral tests before actually writing to a Compact
Disk or Digital Versatile Disk, if the timing and
load response of the system is not known.
--ddaaoo Set SSAAOO ((SSeessssiioonn AAtt OOnnccee)) mode which is usually
called DDiisskk AAtt OOnnccee mode. This currently only
works with MMC drives that support SSeessssiioonn AAtt OOnnccee
mode.
--rraaww Set RRAAWW wwrriittiinngg mmooddee.. Using this option defaults
to --rraaww9966rr.
--rraaww9966rr
Select Set RRAAWW wwrriittiinngg mmooddee with 2352 byte sectors
plus 96 bytes of raw P-W subchannel data resulting
in a sector size of 2448 bytes. This is the pre-
ferred raw writing mode as it gives best control
over the CD writing process. If you find any prob-
lems with the layout of a disk or with sub channel
content (e.g. wrong times on the display when play-
ing the CD) and your drive supports to write in
--rraaww9966rr or --rraaww1166 mode, you should give it a try.
There are several CD writers with bad firmware that
result in broken disks when writing in TAO or SAO
mode. Writing data disks in raw mode needs signif-
icantly more CPU time than other write modes. If
your CPU is too slow, this may result in buffer
underruns.
--rraaww9966pp
Select Set RRAAWW wwrriittiinngg mmooddee with 2352 byte sectors
plus 96 bytes of packed P-W subchannel data result-
ing in a sector size of 2448 bytes. This is the
less preferred raw writing mode as only a few
recorders support it and some of these recorders
have bugs in the firmware implementation. Don't
use this mode if your recorder supports --rraaww9966rr or
--rraaww1166. Writing data disks in raw mode needs sig-
nificantly more CPU time than other write modes. If
your CPU is too slow, this may result in buffer
underruns.
--rraaww1166 Select Set RRAAWW wwrriittiinngg mmooddee with 2352 byte sectors
plus 6 bytes of P-Q subchannel data resulting in a
sector size of 2368 bytes. If a recorder does not
support --rraaww9966rr, this is the preferred raw writing
mode. It does not allow to write _C_D_-_T_e_x_t or
_C_D_+_G_r_a_p_h_i_c_s but it is the only raw writing mode in
cheap CD writers. As these cheap writers in most
cases do not support --ddaaoo mode. Don't use this
mode if your recorder supports --rraaww9966rr. Writing
data disks in raw mode needs significantly more CPU
time than other write modes. If your CPU is too
slow, this may result in buffer underruns.
--mmuullttii Allow multi session CD's to be made. This flag
needs to be present on all sessions of a multi ses-
sion disk, except you want to create a session that
will be the last session on the media. The fixa-
tion will be done in a way that allows the CD-
Recorder to append additional sessions later. This
is done by generation a TOC with a link to the next
program area. The so generated media is not 100%
compatible to manufactured CD's (except for
CDplus). Use only for recording of multi session
CD's. If this option is present, the default track
type is CCDD--RROOMM XXAA mmooddee 22. The _S_o_n_y drives have no
hardware support for CCDD--RROOMM XXAA mmooddee 22. You have to
specify the --ddaattaa option in order to create multi
session disks on these drives. As long as cdrecord
does not have a coder for converting data sectors
to audio sectors, you need to force CCDD--RROOMM sectors
by including the --ddaattaa option if you like to record
a multisession disk in SAO mode. Not all drives
allow multisession CD's in SAO mode.
--mmssiinnffoo
Retrieve multi session info in a form suitable for
mmkkiissooffss--11..1100 or later.
This option makes only sense with a CD that con-
tains at least one closed session and is appendable
(not finally closed yet). Some drives create error
messages if you try to get the multi session info
for a disk that is not suitable for this operation.
--ttoocc Retrieve and print out the table of content or PMA
of a CD. With this option, ccddrreeccoorrdd will work with
CD-R drives and with CD-ROM drives.
--aattiipp Retrieve and print out the ATIP (absolute Time in
Pregroove) info of a CD/DVD recordable or CD/DVD
rewritable media. With this option, ccddrreeccoorrdd will
try to retrieve the ATIP info. If the actual drive
does not support to read the ATIP info, it may be
that only a reduced set of information records or
even nothing is displayed. Only a limited number of
MMC compliant drives support to read the ATIP info.
If ccddrreeccoorrdd is able to retrieve the lead-in start
time for the first session, it will try to decode
and print the manufacturer info from the media.
DVD media dos not have atip information but there
is equivalent prerecorded information that is read
out and printed.
--ffiixx The disk will only be fixated (i.e. a TOC for a CD-
Reader will be written). This may be used, if for
some reason the disk has been written but not fix-
ated. This option currently does not work with old
TEAC drives (CD-R50S and CD-R55S).
--nnooffiixx Do not fixate the disk after writing the tracks.
This may be used to create an audio disk in steps.
An un-fixated disk can usually not be used on a non
CD-writer type drive but there are audio CD players
that will be able to play such a disk.
--wwaaiittii Wait for input to become available on standard
input before trying to open the SCSI driver. This
allows ccddrreeccoorrdd to read it's input from a pipe even
when writing additional sessions to a multi session
disk. When writing another session to a multi ses-
sion disk, mmkkiissooffss needs to read the old session
from the device before writing output. This cannot
be done if ccddrreeccoorrdd opens the SCSI driver at the
same time.
--llooaadd Load the media and exit. This only works with a
tray loading mechanism but seems to be useful when
using the Kodak disk transporter.
--eejjeecctt Eject disk after doing the work. Some Devices
(e.g. Philips) need to eject the medium before cre-
ating a new disk. Doing a -dummy test and immedi-
ately creating a real disk would not work on these
devices.
ssppeeeedd==#
Set the speed factor of the writing process to #.
# is an integer, representing a multiple of the
audio speed. This is about 150 KB/s for CD-ROM and
about 172 KB/s for CD-Audio. If no _s_p_e_e_d option is
present, ccddrreeccoorrdd will try to get the speed value
from the CCDDRR__SSPPEEEEDD environment. If your drive has
problems with _s_p_e_e_d_=_2 or _s_p_e_e_d_=_4, you should try
_s_p_e_e_d_=_0.
bbllaannkk==_t_y_p_e
Blank a CD-RW and exit or blank a CD-RW before
writing. The blanking type may be one of:
help Display a list of possible blanking
types.
all Blank the entire disk. This may take a
long time.
fast Minimally blank the disk. This results
in erasing the PMA, the TOC and the
pregap.
track Blank a track.
unreserve Unreserve a reserved track.
trtail Blank the tail of a track.
unclose Unclose last session.
session Blank the last session.
Not all drives support all blanking types. It may be nec-
essary to use bbllaannkk==aallll if a drive reports a specified
command as being invalid. If used together with the
--ffoorrccee flag, this option may be used to blank CD-RW disks
that otherwise cannot be blanked. Note that you may need
to specify bbllaannkk==_a_l_l because some drives will not continue
with certain types of bad CD-RW disks. Note also that
ccddeeccoorrdd does it's best if the --ffoorrccee flag is used but it
finally depends on the drive's firmware whether the blank-
ing operation will succeed or not.
ffss==# Set the fifo (ring buffer) size to #. You may use
the same method as in dddd(1), ssdddd(1) or ssttaarr(1).
The number representing the size is taken in bytes
unless otherwise specified. If a number is fol-
lowed directly by the letter `b', `k', `m', `s' of
`f', the size is multiplied by 512, 1024,
1024*1024, 2048 or 2352. If the size consists of
numbers separated by `x' or `*', multiplication of
the two numbers is performed. Thus _f_s_=_1_0_x_6_3_k will
specify a fifo size of 630 kBytes.
The size specified by the _f_s_= argument includes the
shared memory that is needed for administration.
This is at least one page of memory. If no _f_s=
option is present, ccddrreeccoorrdd will try to get the
fifo size value from the CCDDRR__FFIIFFOOSSIIZZEE environment.
The default fifo size is currently 4 MB.
The fifo is used to increase buffering for the real
time writing process. It allows to run a pipe from
mmkkiissooffss directly into ccddrreeccoorrdd. If the fifo is
active and a pipe from mmkkiissooffss into ccddrreeccoorrdd is
used to create a CD, ccddrreeccoorrdd will abort prior to
do any modifications on the disk if mmkkiissooffss dies
before it starts writing. The recommended fifo
size is between 4 and 32 MBytes. As a rule of
thumb, the fifo size should be at least equal to
the size of the internal buffer of the CD-Recorder
and no more than half of the physical amount of RAM
available in the machine. If the fifo size is big
enough, the fifo statistics will print a fifo empty
count of zero and the fifo min fill is not below
20%. It is not wise to use too much space for the
fifo. If you need more than 8 MB to write a CD on
an idle machine, your machine is either underpow-
ered, has hardware problems or is mis-configured.
The sun4c architecture (e.g. a Sparcstation-2) has
only MMU page table entries for 16 MBytes per pro-
cess. Using more than 14 MBytes for the fifo may
cause the operating system in this case to spend
much time to constantly reload the MMU tables.
Newer machines from Sun do not have this MMU hard-
ware problem. I have no information on PC-hardware
reflecting this problem.
If you have buffer underruns or similar problems
and observe a zero _f_i_f_o _e_m_p_t_y _c_o_u_n_t, you have hard-
ware problems. The fifo size in this case is suffi-
cient.
ddeevv==_t_a_r_g_e_t
Sets the SCSI target for the CD-Recorder, see notes
above. A typical device specification is ddeevv==_6_,_0 .
If a filename must be provided together with the
numerical target specification, the filename is
implementation specific. The correct filename in
this case can be found in the system specific manu-
als of the target operating system. On a _F_r_e_e_B_S_D
system without _C_A_M support, you need to use the
control device (e.g. _/_d_e_v_/_r_c_d_0_._c_t_l). A correct
device specification in this case may be
ddeevv==_/_d_e_v_/_r_c_d_0_._c_t_l_:_@ .
On Linux, drives connected to a parallel port
adapter are mapped to a virtual SCSI bus. Different
adapters are mapped to different targets on this
virtual SCSI bus.
If no _d_e_v option is present, ccddrreeccoorrdd will try to
get the device from the CCDDRR__DDEEVVIICCEE environment.
If the argument to the ddeevv== option does not contain
the characters ',', '/', '@' or ':', it is inter-
preted as an label name that may be found in the
file /etc/default/cdrecord (see FILES section).
ggrraacceettiimmee==_#
Set the grace time before starting to write to _#
seconds. Values below 2 seconds are not allowed.
ttiimmeeoouutt==_#
Set the default SCSI command timeout value to _#
seconds. The default SCSI command timeout is the
minimum timeout used for sending SCSI commands. If
a SCSI command fails due to a timeout, you may try
to raise the default SCSI command timeout above the
timeout value of the failed command. If the com-
mand runs correctly with a raised command timeout,
please report the better timeout value and the cor-
responding command to the author of the program.
If no _t_i_m_e_o_u_t option is present, a default timeout
of 40 seconds is used.
ddrriivveerr==_n_a_m_e
Allows to use a user supplied driver name for the
device. To get a list of possible drivers use
ddrriivveerr==hheellpp. The reason for the existence of this
option is to allow users to use ccddrreeccoorrdd with
drives that are similar to supported drives but not
known directly by ccddrreeccoorrdd. Use this option with
extreme care. If a wrong driver is used for a
device, the possibility of creating corrupted disks
is high. The minimum problem related to a wrong
driver is that the --ssppeeeedd or --dduummmmyy will not work.
There are two special driver entries in the list:
ccddrr__ssiimmuull and ddvvdd__ssiimmuull. These driver entries are
designed to make timing tests at any speed or tim-
ing tests for drives that do not support the --dduummmmyy
option. The simulation drivers implement a drive
with a buffer size of 1MB that can be changed via
the CCDDRR__SSIIMMUULL__BBUUFFSSIIZZEE environment variable. The
simulation driver correctly simulates even a buffer
underrun condition. If the --dduummmmyy option is pre-
sent, the simulation is not aborted in case of a
buffer underrun.
ddrriivveerrooppttss==_o_p_t_i_o_n _l_i_s_t
Set driver specific options. The options are speci-
fied a comma separated list. To get a list of
valid options use ddrriivveerrooppttss==_h_e_l_p together with the
_-_c_h_e_c_k_d_r_i_v_e option. Currently implemented driver
options are:
bbuurrnnffrreeee
Turn the support for Buffer Underrun Free
writing on. This only works for drives that
support Buffer Underrun Free technology.
This may be called: SSaannyyoo BBUURRNN--PPrrooooff, RRiiccoohh
JJuusstt--LLiinnkk, YYaammaahhaa LLoosssslleessss--LLiinnkk or similar.
The default is to turn BBUURRNN--FFrreeee off,
regardless of the defaults of the drive.
nnoobbuurrnnffrreeee
Turn the support for Buffer Underrun Free
writing off.
vvaarriirreecc==_v_a_l_u_e
Turn on the PPlleexxttoorr VVaarriiRReecc writing mode.
The mandatory parameter _v_a_l_u_e is the laser
power offset and currently may be selected
from -2, -1, 0, 1, 2. In addition, you need
to set the write speed to 4 in order to
allow VVaarriiRReecc to work.
aauuddiioommaasstteerr
Turn on the YYaahhaammaa AAuuddiioo MMaasstteerr QQ.. RR.. fea-
ture which usually should result in high
quality CDs that have less reading problems
in HiFi players. As this is implemented as
a variant of the Session at Once write mode,
it will only work if you select SAO write
mode and there is no need to turn it off.
The AAuuddiioo MMaasstteerr mode will work with a lim-
ited speed but may also be used with data
CDs. in AAuuddiioo MMaasstteerr mode, the pits on the
CD will be written larger then usual so the
capacity of the medium is reduced when turn-
ing this feature on. A 74 minute CD will
only have a capacity of 63 minutes if AAuuddiioo
MMaasstteerr is active and the capacity of a 80
minute CD will be reduced to 68 minutes.
ffoorrcceessppeeeedd
Normally, modern drives know the highest
possible speed for different media and may
reduce the speed in order to grant best
write quality. Some drives (e.g. Ricoh and
Yamaha) allow to force the drive to use the
selected speed even if the medium is so bad
that the write quality would be poor. This
option tells such a drive to force to use
the selected speed regardless of the medium
quality.
Use this option with extreme care and note
that the drive should know better which
medium will work at full speed. The default
is to turn ffoorrcceessppeeeedd off, regardless of the
defaults of the drive.
nnooffoorrcceessppeeeedd
Turn off the ffoorrccee ssppeeeedd feature.
ttaattttooooiinnffoo
Use this option together with --cchheecckkddrriivvee to
retrieve the image size information for the
YYaammaahhaa DDiisskkTT@@22 feature. The images always
have a line length of 3744 pixel. Line num-
ber 0 (radius 0) is mapped to the center of
the disk. If you know the inner and outer
radius you will be able to create a pre dis-
torted image that later may appear undis-
torted on the disk.
ttaattttooooffiillee==_n_a_m_e
Use this option together with --cchheecckkddrriivvee to
write an image prepared for the YYaammaahhaa
DDiisskkTT@@22 feature to the medium. The file
must be a file with raw image B&W data (one
byte per pixel) in a size as retrieved by a
previous call to ttaattttooooffiillee==_n_a_m_e . If the
size of the image equals the maximum possi-
ble size (3744 x 320 pixel), ccddrreeccoorrdd will
use the first part of the file. This first
part then will be written to the leftover
space on the CD.
Note that the image must be mirrored to be
readable from the pick up side of the CD.
--cchheecckkddrriivvee
Checks if a driver for the current drive is present
and exit. If the drive is a known drive, ccddrreeccoorrdd
uses exit code 0.
--pprrccaapp Print the drive capabilities for SCSI-3/mmc compli-
ant drives as obtained from mode page 0x2A. Values
marked with _k_B use 1000 bytes as kilo-byte, values
marked with _K_B use 1024 bytes as Kilo-byte.
--iinnqq Do an inquiry for the drive, print the inquiry info
and exit.
--ssccaannbbuuss
Scan all SCSI devices on all SCSI busses and print
the inquiry strings. This option may be used to
find SCSI address of the CD-Recorder on a system.
The numbers printed out as labels are computed by:
bbuuss ** 110000 ++ ttaarrggeett
--rreesseett Try to reset the SCSI bus where the CD recorder is
located. This works not on all operating systems.
--oovveerrbbuurrnn
Allow ccddrreeccoorrdd to write more than the official size
of a medium. This feature is usually called _o_v_e_r_-
_b_u_r_n_i_n_g and depends on the fact that most blank
media may hold more space than the official size.
As the official size of the lead-out area on the
disk is 90 seconds (6750 sectors) and a disk usu-
ally works if there are at least 150 sectors of
lead out, all media may be overburned by at least
88 seconds (6600 sectors). Most CD recorders only
do overburning in SSAAOO or RRAAWW mode. Known exceptions
are TEAC CD-R50S, TEAC CD-R55S and the Panasonic
CW-7502. Some drives do now allow to overburn as
much as you might like and limit the size of a CD
to e.g. 76 minutes. This problem may be circum-
vented by writing the CD in RAW mode because this
way the drive has no chance to find the size before
starting to burn. There is no guarantee that your
drive supports overburning at all. Make a test to
check if your drive implements the feature.
--iiggnnssiizzee
Ignore the known size of the medium. This options
should be used with extreme care, it exists only
for debugging purposes don't use it for other rea-
sons. It is not needed to write disks with more
than the nominal capacity. This option implies
--oovveerrbbuurrnn.
--uusseeiinnffoo
Use *.inf files to overwrite audio options. If
this option is used, the pregap size information is
read from the *.inf file that is associated with
the file that contains the audio data for a track.
ddeeffpprreeggaapp==#
Set the default pre-gap size for all tracks except
track number 1. This option currently only makes
sense with the TEAC drive when creating track-at-
once disks without the 2 second silence before each
track.
This option may go away in future.
--ppaacckkeett
Set PPaacckkeett wwrriittiinngg mmooddee.. This is an experimental
interface.
ppkkttssiizzee==#
Set the packet size to #, forces fixed packet mode.
This is an experimental interface.
--nnoocclloossee
Do not close the current track, useful only when in
packet writing mode. This is an experimental
interface.
mmccnn==_m_e_d___c_a_t___n_r
Set the MMeeddiiaa CCaattaalloogg NNuummbbeerr of the CD to
_m_e_d___c_a_t___n_r.
--tteexxtt Write CD-Text created by ccddrreeccoorrdd and based on
information taken from a file that contains ascii
information for the text strings. Currently only
the format in the **..iinnff files created by ccddddaa22wwaavv
is supported. You need to use the --uusseeiinnffoo option
in addition in order to tell ccddrreeccoorrdd to read these
files. If you like to write your own CD-Text infor-
mation, edit the **..iinnff files with a text editor and
change the field that are relevant for CD-Text.
tteexxttffiillee==filename
Write CD-Text based on information found in the
binary file _f_i_l_e_n_a_m_e. This file must contain
information in a data format defined in the SCSI-3
MMC-2 standard and in the Red Book. The four byte
size header that is defined in the SCSI standard is
optional and allows to make the recognition of cor-
rect data less ambiguous. This is the best option
to be used to copy CD-Text data from existing CDs
that already carry CD-Text information. To get data
in a format suitable for this option use ccddrreeccoorrdd
--vvvv --ttoocc to extract the information from disk.
TTRRAACCKK OOPPTTIIOONNSS
Track options may be mixed with track file names.
iissrrcc==_I_S_R_C___n_u_m_b_e_r
Set the IInntteerrnnaattiioonnaall SSttaannddaarrdd RReeccoorrddiinngg NNuummbbeerr for
the next track to _I_S_R_C___n_u_m_b_e_r.
iinnddeexx==_l_i_s_t
Sets an index list for the next track. In index
list is a comma separated list of numbers that are
counting from index 1. The first entry in this list
must contain a 0, the following numbers must be an
ascending list of numbers (counting in 1/75 sec-
onds) that represent the start of the indices. An
index list in the form: 0,7500,15000 sets index 1
to the start of the track, index 2 100 seconds from
the start of the track and index 3 200 seconds from
the start of the track.
--aauuddiioo If this flag is present, all subsequent tracks are
written in CCDD--DDAA (similar to Red Book) audio for-
mat. The file with data for this tracks should
contain stereo, 16-bit digital audio with 44100
samples/s. The byte order should be the following:
MSB left, LSB left, MSB right, LSB right, MSB left
and so on. The track should be a multiple of 2352
bytes. It is not possible to put the master image
of an audio track on a raw disk because data will
be read in multiple of 2352 bytes during the
recording process.
If a filename ends in _._a_u or _._w_a_v the file is con-
sidered to be a structured audio data file.
CCddrreeccoorrdd assumes that the file in this case is a
Sun audio file or a Microsoft .WAV file and
extracts the audio data from the files by skipping
over the non-audio header information. In all
other cases, cdrecord will only work correctly if
the audio data stream does not have any header.
Because many structured audio files do not have an
integral number of blocks (1/75th second) in
length, it is often necessary to specify the --ppaadd
option as well. ccddrreeccoorrdd recognizes that audio
data in a .WAV file is stored in Intel (little-
endian) byte order, and will automatically byte-
swap the data if the CD recorder requires big-
endian data. CCddrreeccoorrdd will reject any audio file
that does not match the Red Book requirements of
16-bit stereo samples in PCM coding at 44100 sam-
ples/second.
Using other structured audio data formats as input
to ccddrreeccoorrdd will usually work if the structure of
the data is the structure described above (raw pcm
data in big-endian byte order). However, if the
data format includes a header, you will hear a
click at the start of a track.
If neither _-_d_a_t_a nor _-_a_u_d_i_o have been specified,
ccddrreeccoorrdd defaults to _-_a_u_d_i_o for all filenames that
end in _._a_u or _._w_a_v and to _-_d_a_t_a for all other
files.
--sswwaabb If this flag is present, audio data is assumed to
be in byte-swapped (little-endian) order. Some
types of CD-Writers e.g. Yamaha, Sony and the new
SCSI-3/mmc drives require audio data to be pre-
sented in little-endian order, while other writers
require audio data to be presented in the big-
endian (network) byte order normally used by the
SCSI protocol. CCddrreeccoorrdd knows if a CD-Recorder
needs audio data in big- or little-endian order,
and corrects the byte order of the data stream to
match the needs of the recorder. You only need the
_-_s_w_a_b flag if your data stream is in Intel (little-
endian) byte order.
Note that the verbose output of ccddrreeccoorrdd will show
you if swapping is necessary to make the byte order
of the input data fit the required byte order of
the recorder. CCddrreeccoorrdd will not show you if the
_-_s_w_a_b flag was actually present for a track.
--ddaattaa If this flag is present, all subsequent tracks are
written in CCDD--RROOMM mmooddee 11 (Yellow Book) format. The
data is a multiple of 2048 bytes. The file with
track data should contain an IISSOO--99666600 or RRoocckk RRiiddggee
filesystem image (see mmkkiissooffss for more details). If
the track data is an uuffss filesystem image, fragment
size should be set to 2 KB or more to allow CR-
drives with 2 KB sector size to to be used for
reading.
-data is the default, if no other flag is present.
If neither _-_d_a_t_a nor _-_a_u_d_i_o have been specified,
ccddrreeccoorrdd defaults to _-_a_u_d_i_o for all filenames that
end in _._a_u or _._w_a_v and to _-_d_a_t_a for all other
files.
--mmooddee22 If this flag is present, all subsequent tracks are
written in CCDD--RROOMM mmooddee 22 format. The data is a mul-
tiple of 2048 bytes.
--xxaa11 If this flag is present, all subsequent tracks are
written in CCDD--RROOMM XXAA mmooddee 11 format. The data is a
multiple of 2048 bytes.
--xxaa22 If this flag is present, all subsequent tracks are
written in CCDD--RROOMM XXAA mmooddee 22 format. The data is a
multiple of 2048 bytes.
--ccddii If this flag is present, all subsequent tracks are
written in CCDDII format. The data is a multiple of
2048 bytes.
--iissoossiizzee
Use the IISSOO--99666600 file system size as the size of
the next track. This option is needed if you want
ccddrreeccoorrdd to directly read the image of a track from
a raw disk partition or from a _T_A_O master CD. In
the first case the option --iissoossiizzee is needed to
limit the size of the CD to the size of the ISO
filesystem. In the second case the option --iissoossiizzee
is needed to prevent ccddrreeccoorrdd from reading the two
run out blocks that are appended by each CD-
recorder in track at once mode. These two run out
blocks cannot be read and would cause a buffer
under run that would cause a defective copy. Do
not use this option on files created by mmkkiissooffss and
in case ccddrreeccoorrdd reads the track data from _s_t_d_i_n.
In the first case, you would prevent ccddrreeccoorrdd from
writing the amount of padding that has been
appended by mmkkiissooffss and in the latter case, it will
not work because _s_t_d_i_n is not seekable.
If --iissoossiizzee is used for a track, ccddrreeccoorrdd will
automatically add padding for this track as if the
--ppaadd option has been used but the amount of padding
may be less than the padding written by mmkkiissooffss.
Note that if you use --iissoossiizzee on a track that con-
tains Sparc boot information, the boot information
will be lost.
Note also that this option cannot be used to deter-
mine the size of a file system if the multi session
option is present.
--ppaadd If the track is a data track, 15 sectors of zeroed
data will be added to the end of this and each sub-
sequent data track. In this case, the --ppaadd option
is superseded by the ppaaddssiizzee== option. It will
remain however as a shorthand for ppaaddssiizzee==_1_5_s_. If
the _-_p_a_d option refers to an audio track, ccddrreeccoorrdd
will pad the audio data to be a multiple of 2352
bytes. The audio data padding is done with binary
zeroes which is equal to absolute silence.
--ppaadd remains valid until disabled by --nnooppaadd.
ppaaddssiizzee==#
Set the amount of data to be appended as padding to
the next track to #. Opposed to the behavior of
the --ppaadd option, the value for _p_a_d_s_i_z_e_= is reset to
zero for each new track. Cdrecord assumes a sector
size of 2048 bytes for the _p_a_d_s_i_z_e_= option, inde-
pendent from the real sector size and independent
from the write mode. The megabytes mentioned in
the verbose mode output however are counting the
output sector size which is e.g. 2448 bytes when
writing in RAW/RAW96 mode. See ffss= option for pos-
sible arguments. To pad the equivalent of 20 min-
utes on a CD, you may write ppaaddssiizzee==20x60x75s. Use
this option if your CD-drive is not able to read
the last sectors of a track or if you want to be
able to read the CD on a LLiinnuuxx system with the
ISO-9660 filesystem read ahead bug. If an empty
file is used for track data, this option may be
used to create a disk that is entirely made of
padding. This may e.g. be used to find out how
much overburning is possible with a specific media.
--nnooppaadd Do not pad the following tracks - the default.
--sshhoorrttttrraacckk
Allow all subsequent tracks to violate the Read
Book track length standard which requires a minimum
track length of 4 seconds. This option is only
useful when used in SAO or RAW mode. Not all
drives support this feature. The drive must be
accept the resulting CUE sheet or support RAW writ-
ing.
--nnoosshhoorrttttrraacckk
Re-enforce the Red Book track length standard.
Tracks must be at least 4 seconds.
pprreeggaapp==#
Set the pre-gap size for the next track. This
option currently only makes sense with the TEAC
drive when creating track-at-once disks without the
2 second silence before each track.
This option may go away in future.
--pprreeeemmpp
If this flag is present, all TOC entries for subse-
quent audio tracks will indicate that the audio
data has been sampled with 50/15 µsec preemphasis.
The data, however is not modified during the pro-
cess of transferring from file to disk. This
option has no effect on data tracks.
--nnoopprreeeemmpp
If this flag is present, all TOC entries for subse-
quent audio tracks will indicate that the audio
data has been mastered with linear data - this is
the default.
--ccooppyy If this flag is present, all TOC entries for subse-
quent audio tracks of the resulting CD will indi-
cate that the audio data has permission to be
copied without limit. This option has no effect on
data tracks.
--nnooccooppyy
If this flag is present, all TOC entries for subse-
quent audio tracks of the resulting CD will indi-
cate that the audio data has permission to be
copied only once for personal use - this is the
default.
--ssccmmss If this flag is present, all TOC entries for subse-
quent audio tracks of the resulting CD will indi-
cate that the audio data has no permission to be
copied anymore.
ttssiizzee==#
If the master image for the next track has been
stored on a raw disk, use this option to specify
the valid amount of data on this disk. If the image
of the next track is stored in a regular file, the
size of that file is taken to determine the length
of this track. If the track contains an ISO 9660
filesystem image use the _-_i_s_o_s_i_z_e option to deter-
mine the length of that filesystem image.
In Disk at Once mode and with some drives that use
the TEAC programming interface, even in Track at
Once mode, ccddrreeccoorrdd needs to know the size of each
track before starting to write the disk. Cdrecord
now checks this and aborts before starting to
write. If this happens you will need to run
mmkkiissooffss --pprriinntt--ssiizzee before and use the output (with
`s' appended) as an argument to the ttssiizzee= option
of ccddrreeccoorrdd (e.g. tsize=250000s).
See ffss= option for possible arguments.
EEXXAAMMPPLLEESS
For all examples below, it will be assumed that the CD-
Recorder is connected to the primary SCSI bus of the
machine. The SCSI target id is set to 2.
To record a pure CD-ROM at double speed, using data from
the file _c_d_i_m_a_g_e_._r_a_w:
cdrecord -v speed=2 dev=2,0 cdimage.raw
To create an image for a ISO 9660 filesystem with Rock
Ridge extensions:
mkisofs -R -o cdimage.raw /home/joerg/master/tree
To check the resulting file before writing to CD on
Solaris:
mount -r -F fbk -o type=hsfs /dev/fbk0:cdimage.raw
/mnt
On Linux:
mount cdimage.raw -r -t iso9660 -o loop /mnt
Go on with:
ls -lR /mnt
umount /mnt
If the overall speed of the system is sufficient and the
structure of the filesystem is not too complex, cdrecord
will run without creating an image of the ISO 9660
filesystem. Simply run the pipeline:
mkisofs -R /master/tree | cdrecord -v fs=6m speed=2
dev=2,0 -
The recommended minimum fifo size for running this
pipeline is 4 MBytes. As the default fifo size is 4 MB,
the ffss== option needs only be present if you want to use a
different fifo size. If your system is loaded, you should
run mkisofs in the real time class too. To raise the pri-
ority of mmkkiissooffss replace the command
mkisofs -R /master/tree
by
priocntl -e -c RT -p 59 mkisofs -R /master/tree
on Solaris and by
nice --18 mkisofs -R /master/tree
on systems that don't have UUNNIIXX IInntteerrnnaattiioonnaall compliant
realtime scheduling.
Cdrecord runs at priority 59 on Solaris, you should run
mkisofs at no more than priority 58. On other systems, you
should run mkisofs at no less than nice --18.
Creating a CD-ROM without file system image on disk has
been tested on a Sparcstation-2 with a Yamaha CDR-400. It
did work up to quad speed when the machine was not loaded.
A faster machine may be able to handle quad speed also in
the loaded case.
To record a pure CD-DA (audio) at single speed, with each
track contained in a file named _t_r_a_c_k_0_1_._c_d_a_u_d_i_o,
_t_r_a_c_k_0_2_._c_d_a_u_d_i_o, etc:
cdrecord -v speed=1 dev=2,0 -audio track*.cdaudio
To check if it will be ok to use double speed for the
example above. Use the dummy write option:
cdrecord -v -dummy speed=2 dev=2,0 -audio track*.cdau-
dio
To record a mixed-mode CD with an ISO 9660 filesystem from
_c_d_i_m_a_g_e_._r_a_w on the first track, the other tracks being
audio tracks from the files _t_r_a_c_k_0_1_._c_d_a_u_d_i_o, _t_r_a_c_k_0_2_._c_d_a_u_-
_d_i_o, etc:
cdrecord -v -dummy dev=2,0 cdimage.raw -audio
track*.cdaudio
To handle drives that need to know the size of a track
before starting to write, first run
mkisofs -R -q -print-size /master/tree
and then run
mkisofs -R /master/tree | cdrecord speed=2 dev=2,0
tsize=XXXs -
where _X_X_X is replaced by the output of the previous run of
mkisofs.
To copy an audio CD in the most accurate way, first run
cdda2wav -vall cddb=0 -D2,0 -B -Owav
and then run
cdrecord -v dev=2,0 -dao -useinfo -text *.wav
This will try copy track indices and to read CD-Text
information from disk. If there is no CD-Text informa-
tion, ccddddaa22wwaavv will try to get the information from
freedb.org instead.
EENNVVIIRROONNMMEENNTT
CCDDRR__DDEEVVIICCEE
This may either hold a device identifier that is
suitable to the open call of the SCSI transport
library or a label in the file
/etc/default/cdrecord.
CCDDRR__SSPPEEEEDD
Sets the default speed value for writing (see also
--ssppeeeedd option).
CCDDRR__FFIIFFOOSSIIZZEE
Sets the default size of the FIFO (see also ffss==#
option).
CCDDRR__FFOORRCCEERRAAWWSSPPEEEEDD
If this environment variable is set, ccddrreeccoorrdd will
allow you to write at the full RAW encoding speed a
single CPU supports. This will create high poten-
tial of buffer underruns. Use with care.
RRSSHH If the RRSSHH environment is present, the remote con-
nection will not be created via rrccmmdd(3) but by
calling the program pointed to by RRSSHH. Use e.g.
RRSSHH==/usr/bin/ssh to create a secure shell connec-
tion.
Note that this forces ccddrreeccoorrdd to create a pipe to
the rrsshh((11)) program and disallows ccddrreeccoorrdd to
directly access the network socket to the remote
server. This makes it impossible to set up perfor-
mance parameters and slows down the connection com-
pared to a rroooott initiated rrccmmdd((33)) connection.
RRSSCCSSII If the RRSSCCSSII environment is present, the remote
SCSI server will not be the program
//oopptt//sscchhiillyy//ssbbiinn//rrssccssii but the program pointed to
by RRSSCCSSII. Note that the remote SCSI server program
name will be ignored if you log in using an account
that has been created with a remote SCSI server
program as login shell.
FFIILLEESS
/etc/default/cdrecord
Default values can be set for the following options
in /etc/default/cdrecord. For example: CDR_FIFOS-
IZE=8m or CDR_SPEED=2
CDR_DEVICE
This may either hold a device identifier
that is suitable to the open call of the
SCSI transport library or a label in the
file /etc/default/cdrecord that allows to
identify a specific drive on the system.
CDR_SPEED
Sets the default speed value for writing
(see also --ssppeeeedd option).
CDR_FIFOSIZE
Sets the default size of the FIFO (see also
ffss==# option).
Any other label
is an identifier for a specific drive on the
system. Such an identifier may not contain
the characters ',', '/', '@' or ':'.
Each line that follows a label contains a
TAB separated list of items. Currently,
three items are recognized: the SCSI ID of
the drive, the default speed that should be
used for this drive and the default FIFO
size that should be used for this drive. The
values for _s_p_e_e_d and _f_i_f_o_s_i_z_e may be set to
-1 to tell cdrecord to use the global
defaults. A typical line may look this way:
teac1= 0,5,0 4 8m
yamaha= 1,6,0 -1 -1
This tells ccddrreeccoorrdd that a drive named _t_e_a_c_1
is at scsibus 0, target 5, lun 0 and should
be used with speed 4 and a FIFO size of 8
MB. A second drive may be found at scsibus
1, target 6, lun 0 and uses the default
speed and the default FIFO size.
SSEEEE AALLSSOO
ccddddaa22wwaavv(1), rreeaaddccdd(1), ssccgg(7), ffbbkk(7), mmkkiissooffss(8),
rrccmmdd(3), sssshh(1).
NNOOTTEESS
On Solaris you need to stop the volume management if you
like to use the USCSI fallback SCSI transport code. Even
things like ccddrreeccoorrdd --ssccaannbbuuss will not work if the volume
management is running.
Disks made in TTrraacckk AAtt OOnnccee mode are not suitable as a
master for direct mass production by CD manufacturers.
You will need the ddiisskk aatt oonnccee option to record such
disks. Nevertheless the disks made in TTrraacckk AAtt OOnnccee will
normally be read in all CD players. Some old audio CD
players however may produce a two second click between two
audio tracks.
The minimal size of a track is 4 seconds or 300 sectors.
If you write smaller tracks, the CD-Recorder will add
dummy blocks. This is not an error, even though the SCSI-
error message looks this way.
CCddrreeccoorrdd has been tested on an upgraded Philips CDD-521
recorder at single and double speed on a SparcStation
20/502 with no problems, slower computer systems should
work also. The newer Philips/HP/Plasmon/Grundig drives as
well as Yamaha CDR-100 and CDR-102 work also. The Plasmon
RF-4100 work, but has not tested in multi session. A
Philips CDD-521 that has not been upgraded will not work.
The Sony CDU-924 has been tested, but does not support XA-
mode2 in hardware. The sony therefore cannot create con-
forming multi session disks. The Ricoh RO-1420C works,
but some people seem to have problems to use them with
speed=2, try speed=0 in this case.
The Yamaha CDR-400 and all new SCSI-3/mmc conforming
drives are supported in single and multi-session.
You should run several tests in all supported speeds of
your drive with the --dduummmmyy option turned on if you are
using ccddrreeccoorrdd on an unknown system. Writing a CD is a
realtime process. NNFFSS will not always deliver constantly
the needed data rates. If you want to use ccddrreeccoorrdd with
CD-images that are located on a NNFFSS mounted filesystem, be
sure that the fifo size is big enough. I used ccddrreeccoorrdd
with with medium load on a SS20/502 and even at quad speed
on a Sparcstation-2 which was heavily loaded, but it is
recommended to leave the system as lightly loaded as pos-
sible while writing a CD. If you want to make sure that
buffer underruns are not caused by your source disk, you
may use the command
ccddrreeccoorrdd --dduummmmyy ddeevv==22,,00 ppaaddssiizzee==660000mm //ddeevv//nnuullll
to create a disk that is entirely made of dummy data.
CCddrreeccoorrdd needs to run as root to get access to the
//ddeevv//ssccgg?? device nodes and to be able to lock itself into
memory.
If you don't want to allow users to become root on your
system, ccddrreeccoorrdd may safely be installed suid root. This
allows all users or a group of users with no root privi-
leges to use ccddrreeccoorrdd.. CCddrreeccoorrdd in this case checks, if
the real user would have been able to read the specified
files. To give all user access to use ccddrreeccoorrdd,, enter:
chown root /usr/local/bin/cdrecord
chmod 4711 /usr/local/bin/cdrecord
To give a restricted group of users access to cdrecord
enter:
chown root /usr/local/bin/cdrecord
chgrp cdburners /usr/local/bin/cdrecord
chmod 4710 /usr/local/bin/cdrecord
and add a group _c_d_b_u_r_n_e_r_s on your system.
Never give write permissions for non root users to the
_/_d_e_v_/_s_c_g_? devices unless you would allow anybody to
read/write/format all your disks.
You should not connect old drives that do not support dis-
connect/reconnect to either the SCSI bus that is connected
to the CD-Recorder or the source disk.
A Compact Disc can have no more than 99 tracks.
When creating a disc with both audio and data tracks, the
data should be on track 1 otherwise you should create a
CDplus disk which is a multi session disk with the first
session containing the audio tracks and the following ses-
sion containing the data track.
Many operating systems are not able to read more than a
single data track, or need special software to do so.
More information on the SCSI command set of a HP CD-
Recorder can be found at:
http://www.hp.com/isgsupport/cdr/index.html
If you have more information or SCSI command manuals for
currently unsupported CD-Recorders please contact the
author.
The Philips CDD 521 CD-Recorder (even in the upgraded
version) has several firmware bugs. Some of them will
force you to power cycle the device or to reboot the
machine.
When using ccddrreeccoorrdd with the broken LLiinnuuxx SSCCSSII ggeenneerriicc
ddrriivveerr.. You should note that ccddrreeccoorrdd uses a hack, that
tries to emulate the functionality of the scg driver.
Unfortunately, the sg driver on LLiinnuuxx has several severe
bugs:
+o It cannot see if a SCSI command could not be sent
at all.
+o It cannot get the SCSI status byte. CCddrreeccoorrdd for
that reason cannot report failing SCSI commands in
some situations.
+o It cannot get real DMA count of transfer. CCddrreeccoorrdd
cannot tell you if there is an DMA residual count.
+o It cannot get number of bytes valid in auto sense
data. CCddrreeccoorrdd cannot tell you if device transfers
no sense data at all.
+o It fetches to few data in auto request sense
(CCS/SCSI-2/SCSI-3 needs >= 18).
The fifo percent output is computed just after a block of
data has been written to the CD-Recorder. For this reason,
there will never be 100% fifo fill, while the fifo is in
streaming mode.
DDIIAAGGNNOOSSTTIICCSS
You have 9 seconds to type ^C to abort ccddrreeccoorrdd after you
see the message:
Starting to write CD at speed %d in %s mode for %s ses-
sion.
A typical error message for a SCSI command looks like:
cdrecord: I/O error. test unit ready: scsi sendcmd: no error
CDB: 00 20 00 00 00 00
status: 0x2 (CHECK CONDITION)
Sense Bytes: 70 00 05 00 00 00 00 0A 00 00 00 00 25 00 00 00 00 00
Sense Key: 0x5 Illegal Request, Segment 0
Sense Code: 0x25 Qual 0x00 (logical unit not supported) Fru 0x0
Sense flags: Blk 0 (not valid)
cmd finished after 0.002s timeout 40s
The first line gives information about the transport of
the command. The text after the first colon gives the
error text for the system call from the view of the ker-
nel. It usually is: II//OO eerrrroorr unless other problems hap-
pen. The next words contain a short description for the
SCSI command that fails. The rest of the line tells you if
there were any problems for the transport of the command
over the SCSI bus. ffaattaall eerrrroorr means that it was not pos-
sible to transport the command (i.e. no device present at
the requested SCSI address).
The second line prints the SCSI command descriptor block
for the failed command.
The third line gives information on the SCSI status code
returned by the command, if the transport of the command
succeeds. This is error information from the SCSI device.
The fourth line is a hex dump of the auto request sense
information for the command.
The fifth line is the error text for the sense key if
available, followed by the segment number that is only
valid if the command was a _c_o_p_y command. If the error mes-
sage is not directly related to the current command, the
text _d_e_f_e_r_r_e_d _e_r_r_o_r is appended.
The sixth line is the error text for the sense code and
the sense qualifier if available. If the type of the
device is known, the sense data is decoded from tables in
_s_c_s_i_e_r_r_s_._c . The text is followed by the error value for
a field replaceable unit.
The seventh line prints the block number that is related
to the failed command and text for several error flags.
The block number may not be valid.
The eight line reports the timeout set up for this command
and the time that the command really needed to complete.
The following message is not an error:
Track 01: Total bytes read/written: 2048/2048 (1 sectors).
cdrecord: I/O error. flush cache: scsi sendcmd: no error
CDB: 35 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
status: 0x2 (CHECK CONDITION)
Sense Bytes: F0 00 05 80 00 00 27 0A 00 00 00 00 B5 00 00 00 00 00
Sense Key: 0x5 Illegal Request, Segment 0
Sense Code: 0xB5 Qual 0x00 (dummy data blocks added) Fru 0x0
Sense flags: Blk -2147483609 (valid)
cmd finished after 0.002s timeout 40s
It simply notifies, that a track that is smaller than the
minimum size has been expanded to 300 sectors.
BBUUGGSS
CCddrreeccoorrdd has even more options than llss.
There should be a recover option to make disks usable,
that have been written during a power failure.
CCRREEDDIITTSS
Bill Swartz (Bill_Swartz@twolf.com)
For helping me with the TEAC driver support
Aaron Newsome (aaron.d.newsome@wdc.com)
For letting me develop Sony support on his
drive
Eric Youngdale (eric@andante.jic.com)
For supplying mkisofs
Gadi Oxman (gadio@netvision.net.il)
For tips on the ATAPI standard
Finn Arne Gangstad (finnag@guardian.no)
For the first FIFO implementation.
Dave Platt (dplatt@feghoot.ml.org)
For creating the experimental packet writ-
ing support, the first implementation of
CD-RW blanking support, the first .wav file
decoder and many nice discussions on
cdrecord.
Chris P. Ross (cross@eng.us.uu.net)
For the first implementation os a BSDI SCSI
transport.
Grant R. Guenther (grant@torque.net)
For creating the first parallel port trans-
port implementation for Linux.
Kenneth D. Merry (ken@kdm.org)
for providing the CAM port for FreeBSD
together with Michael Smith
(msmith@freebsd.org)
Heiko Eißfeldt (heiko@hexco.de)
for making libedc_ecc available (needed to
write RAW data sectors).
MMAAIILLIINNGG LLIISSTTSS
If you want to actively take part on the development of
cdrecord, you may join the developer mailing list via this
URL:
hhttttpp::////lliissttss..bbeerrlliiooss..ddee//mmaaiillmmaann//lliissttiinnffoo//ccddrreeccoorrdd--ddeevveelloopp--
eerrss
The mail address of the list is: ccddwwrriittee@@ootthheerr..ddeebbiiaann..oorrgg
AAUUTTHHOORR
Joerg Schilling
Seestr. 110
D-13353 Berlin
Germany
Additional information can be found on:
http://www.fokus.fhg.de/usr/schilling/cdrecord.html
If you have support questions, send them to:
ccddrreeccoorrdd--ssuuppppoorrtt@@bbeerrlliiooss..ddee
or ccddwwrriittee@@ootthheerr..ddeebbiiaann..oorrgg
Of you have definitely found a bug, send a mail to:
ccddrreeccoorrdd--ddeevveellooppeerrss@@bbeerrlliiooss..ddee
or sscchhiilllliinngg@@ffookkuuss..ffhhgg..ddee
To subscribe, use:
hhttttpp::////lliissttss..bbeerrlliiooss..ddee//mmaaiillmmaann//lliissttiinnffoo//ccddrreeccoorrdd--ddeevveelloopp--
eerrss
or hhttttpp::////lliissttss..bbeerrlliiooss..ddee//mmaaiillmmaann//lliissttiinnffoo//ccddrreeccoorrdd--ssuupp--
ppoorrtt
The old cdwrite mailing list may be joined by sending mail
to:
cdwrite-request@other.debian.org
and including the word _s_u_b_s_c_r_i_b_e in the body. The mail
address of the list is:
cdwrite@other.debian.org
Joerg Schilling Version 2.0 CDRECORD(1)