#!/usr/bin/env python3
import dbus
import dbus.exceptions
import dbus.mainloop.glib
import dbus.service
import array
try:
from gi.repository import GObject
except ImportError:
import gobject as GObject
import sys
from random import randint
mainloop = None
BLUEZ_SERVICE_NAME = 'org.bluez'
GATT_MANAGER_IFACE = 'org.bluez.GattManager1'
DBUS_OM_IFACE = 'org.freedesktop.DBus.ObjectManager'
DBUS_PROP_IFACE = 'org.freedesktop.DBus.Properties'
GATT_SERVICE_IFACE = 'org.bluez.GattService1'
GATT_CHRC_IFACE = 'org.bluez.GattCharacteristic1'
GATT_DESC_IFACE = 'org.bluez.GattDescriptor1'
class InvalidArgsException(dbus.exceptions.DBusException):
_dbus_error_name = 'org.freedesktop.DBus.Error.InvalidArgs'
class NotSupportedException(dbus.exceptions.DBusException):
_dbus_error_name = 'org.bluez.Error.NotSupported'
class NotPermittedException(dbus.exceptions.DBusException):
_dbus_error_name = 'org.bluez.Error.NotPermitted'
class InvalidValueLengthException(dbus.exceptions.DBusException):
_dbus_error_name = 'org.bluez.Error.InvalidValueLength'
class FailedException(dbus.exceptions.DBusException):
_dbus_error_name = 'org.bluez.Error.Failed'
class Application(dbus.service.Object):
"""
org.bluez.GattApplication1 interface implementation
"""
def __init__(self, bus):
self.path = '/'
self.services = []
dbus.service.Object.__init__(self, bus, self.path)
self.add_service(HeartRateService(bus, 0))
self.add_service(BatteryService(bus, 1))
self.add_service(TestService(bus, 2))
def get_path(self):
return dbus.ObjectPath(self.path)
def add_service(self, service):
self.services.append(service)
@dbus.service.method(DBUS_OM_IFACE, out_signature='a{oa{sa{sv}}}')
def GetManagedObjects(self):
response = {}
print('GetManagedObjects')
for service in self.services:
response[service.get_path()] = service.get_properties()
chrcs = service.get_characteristics()
for chrc in chrcs:
response[chrc.get_path()] = chrc.get_properties()
descs = chrc.get_descriptors()
for desc in descs:
response[desc.get_path()] = desc.get_properties()
return response
class Service(dbus.service.Object):
"""
org.bluez.GattService1 interface implementation
"""
PATH_BASE = '/org/bluez/example/service'
def __init__(self, bus, index, uuid, primary):
self.path = self.PATH_BASE + str(index)
self.bus = bus
self.uuid = uuid
self.primary = primary
self.characteristics = []
dbus.service.Object.__init__(self, bus, self.path)
def get_properties(self):
return {
GATT_SERVICE_IFACE: {
'UUID': self.uuid,
'Primary': self.primary,
'Characteristics': dbus.Array(
self.get_characteristic_paths(),
signature='o')
}
}
def get_path(self):
return dbus.ObjectPath(self.path)
def add_characteristic(self, characteristic):
self.characteristics.append(characteristic)
def get_characteristic_paths(self):
result = []
for chrc in self.characteristics:
result.append(chrc.get_path())
return result
def get_characteristics(self):
return self.characteristics
@dbus.service.method(DBUS_PROP_IFACE,
in_signature='s',
out_signature='a{sv}')
def GetAll(self, interface):
if interface != GATT_SERVICE_IFACE:
raise InvalidArgsException()
return self.get_properties()[GATT_SERVICE_IFACE]
class Characteristic(dbus.service.Object):
"""
org.bluez.GattCharacteristic1 interface implementation
"""
def __init__(self, bus, index, uuid, flags, service):
self.path = service.path + '/char' + str(index)
self.bus = bus
self.uuid = uuid
self.service = service
self.flags = flags
self.descriptors = []
dbus.service.Object.__init__(self, bus, self.path)
def get_properties(self):
return {
GATT_CHRC_IFACE: {
'Service': self.service.get_path(),
'UUID': self.uuid,
'Flags': self.flags,
'Descriptors': dbus.Array(
self.get_descriptor_paths(),
signature='o')
}
}
def get_path(self):
return dbus.ObjectPath(self.path)
def add_descriptor(self, descriptor):
self.descriptors.append(descriptor)
def get_descriptor_paths(self):
result = []
for desc in self.descriptors:
result.append(desc.get_path())
return result
def get_descriptors(self):
return self.descriptors
@dbus.service.method(DBUS_PROP_IFACE,
in_signature='s',
out_signature='a{sv}')
def GetAll(self, interface):
if interface != GATT_CHRC_IFACE:
raise InvalidArgsException()
return self.get_properties()[GATT_CHRC_IFACE]
@dbus.service.method(GATT_CHRC_IFACE,
in_signature='a{sv}',
out_signature='ay')
def ReadValue(self, options):
print('Default ReadValue called, returning error')
raise NotSupportedException()
@dbus.service.method(GATT_CHRC_IFACE, in_signature='aya{sv}')
def WriteValue(self, value, options):
print('Default WriteValue called, returning error')
raise NotSupportedException()
@dbus.service.method(GATT_CHRC_IFACE)
def StartNotify(self):
print('Default StartNotify called, returning error')
raise NotSupportedException()
@dbus.service.method(GATT_CHRC_IFACE)
def StopNotify(self):
print('Default StopNotify called, returning error')
raise NotSupportedException()
@dbus.service.signal(DBUS_PROP_IFACE,
signature='sa{sv}as')
def PropertiesChanged(self, interface, changed, invalidated):
pass
class Descriptor(dbus.service.Object):
"""
org.bluez.GattDescriptor1 interface implementation
"""
def __init__(self, bus, index, uuid, flags, characteristic):
self.path = characteristic.path + '/desc' + str(index)
self.bus = bus
self.uuid = uuid
self.flags = flags
self.chrc = characteristic
dbus.service.Object.__init__(self, bus, self.path)
def get_properties(self):
return {
GATT_DESC_IFACE: {
'Characteristic': self.chrc.get_path(),
'UUID': self.uuid,
'Flags': self.flags,
}
}
def get_path(self):
return dbus.ObjectPath(self.path)
@dbus.service.method(DBUS_PROP_IFACE,
in_signature='s',
out_signature='a{sv}')
def GetAll(self, interface):
if interface != GATT_DESC_IFACE:
raise InvalidArgsException()
return self.get_properties()[GATT_DESC_IFACE]
@dbus.service.method(GATT_DESC_IFACE,
in_signature='a{sv}',
out_signature='ay')
def ReadValue(self, options):
print ('Default ReadValue called, returning error')
raise NotSupportedException()
@dbus.service.method(GATT_DESC_IFACE, in_signature='aya{sv}')
def WriteValue(self, value, options):
print('Default WriteValue called, returning error')
raise NotSupportedException()
class HeartRateService(Service):
"""
Fake Heart Rate Service that simulates a fake heart beat and control point
behavior.
"""
HR_UUID = '0000180d-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb'
def __init__(self, bus, index):
Service.__init__(self, bus, index, self.HR_UUID, True)
self.add_characteristic(HeartRateMeasurementChrc(bus, 0, self))
self.add_characteristic(BodySensorLocationChrc(bus, 1, self))
self.add_characteristic(HeartRateControlPointChrc(bus, 2, self))
self.energy_expended = 0
class HeartRateMeasurementChrc(Characteristic):
HR_MSRMT_UUID = '00002a37-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb'
def __init__(self, bus, index, service):
Characteristic.__init__(
self, bus, index,
self.HR_MSRMT_UUID,
['notify'],
service)
self.notifying = False
self.hr_ee_count = 0
def hr_msrmt_cb(self):
value = []
value.append(dbus.Byte(0x06))
value.append(dbus.Byte(randint(90, 130)))
if self.hr_ee_count % 10 == 0:
value[0] = dbus.Byte(value[0] | 0x08)
value.append(dbus.Byte(self.service.energy_expended & 0xff))
value.append(dbus.Byte((self.service.energy_expended >> 8) & 0xff))
self.service.energy_expended = \
min(0xffff, self.service.energy_expended + 1)
self.hr_ee_count += 1
print('Updating value: ' + repr(value))
self.PropertiesChanged(GATT_CHRC_IFACE, { 'Value': value }, [])
return self.notifying
def _update_hr_msrmt_simulation(self):
print('Update HR Measurement Simulation')
if not self.notifying:
return
GObject.timeout_add(1000, self.hr_msrmt_cb)
def StartNotify(self):
if self.notifying:
print('Already notifying, nothing to do')
return
self.notifying = True
self._update_hr_msrmt_simulation()
def StopNotify(self):
if not self.notifying:
print('Not notifying, nothing to do')
return
self.notifying = False
self._update_hr_msrmt_simulation()
class BodySensorLocationChrc(Characteristic):
BODY_SNSR_LOC_UUID = '00002a38-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb'
def __init__(self, bus, index, service):
Characteristic.__init__(
self, bus, index,
self.BODY_SNSR_LOC_UUID,
['read'],
service)
def ReadValue(self, options):
# Return 'Chest' as the sensor location.
return [ 0x01 ]
class HeartRateControlPointChrc(Characteristic):
HR_CTRL_PT_UUID = '00002a39-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb'
def __init__(self, bus, index, service):
Characteristic.__init__(
self, bus, index,
self.HR_CTRL_PT_UUID,
['write'],
service)
def WriteValue(self, value, options):
print('Heart Rate Control Point WriteValue called')
if len(value) != 1:
raise InvalidValueLengthException()
byte = value[0]
print('Control Point value: ' + repr(byte))
if byte != 1:
raise FailedException("0x80")
print('Energy Expended field reset!')
self.service.energy_expended = 0
class BatteryService(Service):
"""
Fake Battery service that emulates a draining battery.
"""
BATTERY_UUID = '180f'
def __init__(self, bus, index):
Service.__init__(self, bus, index, self.BATTERY_UUID, True)
self.add_characteristic(BatteryLevelCharacteristic(bus, 0, self))
class BatteryLevelCharacteristic(Characteristic):
"""
Fake Battery Level characteristic. The battery level is drained by 2 points
every 5 seconds.
"""
BATTERY_LVL_UUID = '2a19'
def __init__(self, bus, index, service):
Characteristic.__init__(
self, bus, index,
self.BATTERY_LVL_UUID,
['read', 'notify'],
service)
self.notifying = False
self.battery_lvl = 100
GObject.timeout_add(5000, self.drain_battery)
def notify_battery_level(self):
if not self.notifying:
return
self.PropertiesChanged(
GATT_CHRC_IFACE,
{ 'Value': [dbus.Byte(self.battery_lvl)] }, [])
def drain_battery(self):
if not self.notifying:
return True
if self.battery_lvl > 0:
self.battery_lvl -= 2
if self.battery_lvl < 0:
self.battery_lvl = 0
print('Battery Level drained: ' + repr(self.battery_lvl))
self.notify_battery_level()
return True
def ReadValue(self, options):
print('Battery Level read: ' + repr(self.battery_lvl))
return [dbus.Byte(self.battery_lvl)]
def StartNotify(self):
if self.notifying:
print('Already notifying, nothing to do')
return
self.notifying = True
self.notify_battery_level()
def StopNotify(self):
if not self.notifying:
print('Not notifying, nothing to do')
return
self.notifying = False
class TestService(Service):
"""
Dummy test service that provides characteristics and descriptors that
exercise various API functionality.
"""
TEST_SVC_UUID = '12345678-1234-5678-1234-56789abcdef0'
def __init__(self, bus, index):
Service.__init__(self, bus, index, self.TEST_SVC_UUID, True)
self.add_characteristic(TestCharacteristic(bus, 0, self))
self.add_characteristic(TestEncryptCharacteristic(bus, 1, self))
self.add_characteristic(TestSecureCharacteristic(bus, 2, self))
class TestCharacteristic(Characteristic):
"""
Dummy test characteristic. Allows writing arbitrary bytes to its value, and
contains "extended properties", as well as a test descriptor.
"""
TEST_CHRC_UUID = '12345678-1234-5678-1234-56789abcdef1'
def __init__(self, bus, index, service):
Characteristic.__init__(
self, bus, index,
self.TEST_CHRC_UUID,
['read', 'write', 'writable-auxiliaries'],
service)
self.value = []
self.add_descriptor(TestDescriptor(bus, 0, self))
self.add_descriptor(
CharacteristicUserDescriptionDescriptor(bus, 1, self))
def ReadValue(self, options):
print('TestCharacteristic Read: ' + repr(self.value))
return self.value
def WriteValue(self, value, options):
print('TestCharacteristic Write: ' + repr(value))
self.value = value
class TestDescriptor(Descriptor):
"""
Dummy test descriptor. Returns a static value.
"""
TEST_DESC_UUID = '12345678-1234-5678-1234-56789abcdef2'
def __init__(self, bus, index, characteristic):
Descriptor.__init__(
self, bus, index,
self.TEST_DESC_UUID,
['read', 'write'],
characteristic)
def ReadValue(self, options):
return [
dbus.Byte('T'), dbus.Byte('e'), dbus.Byte('s'), dbus.Byte('t')
]
class CharacteristicUserDescriptionDescriptor(Descriptor):
"""
Writable CUD descriptor.
"""
CUD_UUID = '2901'
def __init__(self, bus, index, characteristic):
self.writable = 'writable-auxiliaries' in characteristic.flags
self.value = array.array('B', b'This is a characteristic for testing')
self.value = self.value.tolist()
Descriptor.__init__(
self, bus, index,
self.CUD_UUID,
['read', 'write'],
characteristic)
def ReadValue(self, options):
return self.value
def WriteValue(self, value, options):
if not self.writable:
raise NotPermittedException()
self.value = value
class TestEncryptCharacteristic(Characteristic):
"""
Dummy test characteristic requiring encryption.
"""
TEST_CHRC_UUID = '12345678-1234-5678-1234-56789abcdef3'
def __init__(self, bus, index, service):
Characteristic.__init__(
self, bus, index,
self.TEST_CHRC_UUID,
['encrypt-read', 'encrypt-write'],
service)
self.value = []
self.add_descriptor(TestEncryptDescriptor(bus, 2, self))
self.add_descriptor(
CharacteristicUserDescriptionDescriptor(bus, 3, self))
def ReadValue(self, options):
print('TestEncryptCharacteristic Read: ' + repr(self.value))
return self.value
def WriteValue(self, value, options):
print('TestEncryptCharacteristic Write: ' + repr(value))
self.value = value
class TestEncryptDescriptor(Descriptor):
"""
Dummy test descriptor requiring encryption. Returns a static value.
"""
TEST_DESC_UUID = '12345678-1234-5678-1234-56789abcdef4'
def __init__(self, bus, index, characteristic):
Descriptor.__init__(
self, bus, index,
self.TEST_DESC_UUID,
['encrypt-read', 'encrypt-write'],
characteristic)
def ReadValue(self, options):
return [
dbus.Byte('T'), dbus.Byte('e'), dbus.Byte('s'), dbus.Byte('t')
]
class TestSecureCharacteristic(Characteristic):
"""
Dummy test characteristic requiring secure connection.
"""
TEST_CHRC_UUID = '12345678-1234-5678-1234-56789abcdef5'
def __init__(self, bus, index, service):
Characteristic.__init__(
self, bus, index,
self.TEST_CHRC_UUID,
['secure-read', 'secure-write'],
service)
self.value = []
self.add_descriptor(TestSecureDescriptor(bus, 2, self))
self.add_descriptor(
CharacteristicUserDescriptionDescriptor(bus, 3, self))
def ReadValue(self, options):
print('TestSecureCharacteristic Read: ' + repr(self.value))
return self.value
def WriteValue(self, value, options):
print('TestSecureCharacteristic Write: ' + repr(value))
self.value = value
class TestSecureDescriptor(Descriptor):
"""
Dummy test descriptor requiring secure connection. Returns a static value.
"""
TEST_DESC_UUID = '12345678-1234-5678-1234-56789abcdef6'
def __init__(self, bus, index, characteristic):
Descriptor.__init__(
self, bus, index,
self.TEST_DESC_UUID,
['secure-read', 'secure-write'],
characteristic)
def ReadValue(self, options):
return [
dbus.Byte('T'), dbus.Byte('e'), dbus.Byte('s'), dbus.Byte('t')
]
def register_app_cb():
print('GATT application registered')
def register_app_error_cb(error):
print('Failed to register application: ' + str(error))
mainloop.quit()
def find_adapter(bus):
remote_om = dbus.Interface(bus.get_object(BLUEZ_SERVICE_NAME, '/'),
DBUS_OM_IFACE)
objects = remote_om.GetManagedObjects()
for o, props in objects.items():
if GATT_MANAGER_IFACE in props.keys():
return o
return None
def main():
global mainloop
dbus.mainloop.glib.DBusGMainLoop(set_as_default=True)
bus = dbus.SystemBus()
adapter = find_adapter(bus)
if not adapter:
print('GattManager1 interface not found')
return
service_manager = dbus.Interface(
bus.get_object(BLUEZ_SERVICE_NAME, adapter),
GATT_MANAGER_IFACE)
app = Application(bus)
mainloop = GObject.MainLoop()
print('Registering GATT application...')
service_manager.RegisterApplication(app.get_path(), {},
reply_handler=register_app_cb,
error_handler=register_app_error_cb)
mainloop.run()
if __name__ == '__main__':
main()