/*
 * self_pipe.c - dual process ping-pong example to stress PMU context switch of one process
 *
 * Copyright (c) 2008 Stephane Eranian
 * Contributed by Stephane Eranian <eranian@gmail.com>
 *
 * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
 * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
 * in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
 * to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies
 * of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so,
 * subject to the following conditions:
 *
 * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
 * copies or substantial portions of the Software.
 *
 * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED,
 * INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A
 * PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT
 * HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF
 * CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE
 * OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
 *
 * This file is part of libpfm, a performance monitoring support library for
 * applications on Linux.
 */
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <inttypes.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdarg.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <signal.h>
#include <syscall.h>
#include <perfmon/pfmlib.h>
#include <perfmon/perfmon.h>

#include "detect_pmcs.h"

#define NUM_PMCS PFMLIB_MAX_PMCS
#define NUM_PMDS PFMLIB_MAX_PMDS

static void fatal_error(char *fmt,...) __attribute__((noreturn));

static void
fatal_error(char *fmt, ...)
{
	va_list ap;

	va_start(ap, fmt);
	vfprintf(stderr, fmt, ap);
	va_end(ap);

	exit(1);
}

/*
 * pin task to CPU
 */
#ifndef __NR_sched_setaffinity
#error "you need to define __NR_sched_setaffinity"
#endif

#define MAX_CPUS	2048
#define NR_CPU_BITS	(MAX_CPUS>>3)
int
pin_cpu(pid_t pid, unsigned int cpu)
{
	uint64_t my_mask[NR_CPU_BITS];

	if (cpu >= MAX_CPUS)
		fatal_error("this program supports only up to %d CPUs\n", MAX_CPUS);

	my_mask[cpu>>6] = 1ULL << (cpu&63);

	return syscall(__NR_sched_setaffinity, pid, sizeof(my_mask), &my_mask);
}


static volatile int quit;
void sig_handler(int n)
{
	quit = 1;
}

static void
do_child(int fr, int fw)
{
	char c;
	ssize_t ret;

	for(;;) {
		ret = read(fr, &c, 1);	
		if (ret < 0)
			break;
		ret = write(fw, "c", 1);
		if (ret < 0)
			break;
		
	}
	printf("child exited\n");
	exit(0);
}


int
main(int argc, char **argv)
{
	char **p;
	unsigned int i;
	int ret, ctx_fd;
	pfmlib_input_param_t inp;
	pfmlib_output_param_t outp;
	pfarg_pmd_t pd[NUM_PMDS];
	pfarg_pmc_t pc[NUM_PMCS];
	pfarg_ctx_t ctx;
	pfarg_load_t load_args;
	pfmlib_options_t pfmlib_options;
	unsigned int num_counters;
	int pr[2], pw[2];
	int which_cpu;
	pid_t pid;
	size_t len;
	ssize_t nbytes;
	char *name;
	char c = '0';

	/*
	 * pass options to library (optional)
	 */
	memset(&pfmlib_options, 0, sizeof(pfmlib_options));
	pfmlib_options.pfm_debug   = 0; /* set to 1 for debug */
	pfmlib_options.pfm_verbose = 1; /* set to 1 for verbose */
	pfm_set_options(&pfmlib_options);

	srandom(getpid());
	which_cpu = random() % sysconf(_SC_NPROCESSORS_ONLN);

	/*
	 * Initialize pfm library (required before we can use it)
	 */
	ret = pfm_initialize();
	if (ret != PFMLIB_SUCCESS)
		fatal_error("Cannot initialize library: %s\n", pfm_strerror(ret));

	ret = pipe(pr);
	if (ret)
		fatal_error("cannot create read pipe: %s\n", strerror(errno));

	ret = pipe(pw);
	if (ret)
		fatal_error("cannot create write pipe: %s\n", strerror(errno));

	pfm_get_max_event_name_len(&len);
	name = malloc(len+1);
	if (!name)
		fatal_error("cannot allocate event name buffer\n");


	/*
 	 * Pin to CPU0, inherited by child process. That will enforce
 	 * the ping-pionging and thus stress the PMU context switch 
 	 * which is what we want
 	 */
	ret = pin_cpu(getpid(), which_cpu);
	if (ret)
		fatal_error("cannot pin to CPU%d: %s\n", which_cpu, strerror(errno));

	printf("Both processes pinned to CPU%d\n", which_cpu);

	pfm_get_num_counters(&num_counters);

	memset(pd, 0, sizeof(pd));
	memset(pc, 0, sizeof(pc));
	memset(&ctx, 0, sizeof(ctx));
	memset(&load_args, 0, sizeof(load_args));

	/*
	 * prepare parameters to library.
	 */
	memset(&inp,0, sizeof(inp));
	memset(&outp,0, sizeof(outp));

	/*
	 * be nice to user!
	 */
	if (argc > 1) {
		p = argv+1;
		for (i=0; *p ; i++, p++) {
			ret = pfm_find_full_event(*p, &inp.pfp_events[i]);
			if (ret != PFMLIB_SUCCESS)
				fatal_error("event %s: %s\n", *p, pfm_strerror(ret));
		}
	} else {
		if (pfm_get_cycle_event(&inp.pfp_events[0]) != PFMLIB_SUCCESS)
			fatal_error("cannot find cycle event\n");

		if (pfm_get_inst_retired_event(&inp.pfp_events[1]) != PFMLIB_SUCCESS)
			fatal_error("cannot find inst retired event\n");
		i = 2;
	}

	/*
	 * set the default privilege mode for all counters:
	 * 	PFM_PLM3 : user level only
	 */
	inp.pfp_dfl_plm   = PFM_PLM3;

	if (i > num_counters) {
		i = num_counters;
		printf("too many events provided (max=%d events), using first %d event(s)\n", num_counters, i);
	}

	/*
	 * how many counters we use
	 */
	inp.pfp_event_count = i;

	/*
	 * now create a new context, per process context.
	 * This just creates a new context with some initial state, it is not
	 * active nor attached to any process.
	 */
	ctx_fd = pfm_create_context(&ctx, NULL, NULL, 0);
	if (ctx_fd == -1)  {
		if (errno == ENOSYS)
			fatal_error("Your kernel does not have performance monitoring support!\n");
		fatal_error("Can't create PFM context %s\n", strerror(errno));
	}

	/*
	 * build the pfp_unavail_pmcs bitmask by looking
	 * at what perfmon has available. It is not always
	 * the case that all PMU registers are actually available
	 * to applications. For instance, on IA-32 platforms, some
	 * registers may be reserved for the NMI watchdog timer.
	 *
	 * With this bitmap, the library knows which registers NOT to
	 * use. Of source, it is possible that no valid assignement may
	 * be possible if certain PMU registers  are not available.
	 */
	detect_unavail_pmcs(ctx_fd, &inp.pfp_unavail_pmcs);

	/*
	 * let the library figure out the values for the PMCS
	 */
	if ((ret=pfm_dispatch_events(&inp, NULL, &outp, NULL)) != PFMLIB_SUCCESS)
		fatal_error("cannot configure events: %s\n", pfm_strerror(ret));

	/*
	 * Now prepare the argument to initialize the PMDs and PMCS.
	 * We use pfp_pmc_count to determine the number of PMC to intialize.
	 * We use pfp_pmd_count to determine the number of PMD to initialize.
	 * Some events/features may cause extra PMCs to be used, leading to:
	 * 	- pfp_pmc_count may be >= pfp_event_count
	 * 	- pfp_pmd_count may be >= pfp_event_count
	 */
	for (i=0; i < outp.pfp_pmc_count; i++) {
		pc[i].reg_num   = outp.pfp_pmcs[i].reg_num;
		pc[i].reg_value = outp.pfp_pmcs[i].reg_value;
	}

	for (i=0; i < outp.pfp_pmd_count; i++) {
		pd[i].reg_num   = outp.pfp_pmds[i].reg_num;
	}

	/*
	 * Now program the registers
	 */
	if (pfm_write_pmcs(ctx_fd, pc, outp.pfp_pmc_count))
		fatal_error("pfm_write_pmcs error errno %d\n",errno);

	if (pfm_write_pmds(ctx_fd, pd, outp.pfp_pmd_count))
		fatal_error("pfm_write_pmds error errno %d\n",errno);

	/*
	 * now we load (i.e., attach) the context to ourself
	 */
	load_args.load_pid = getpid();
	if (pfm_load_context(ctx_fd, &load_args))
		fatal_error("pfm_load_context error errno %d\n",errno);

	/*
 	 * create second process which is not monitoring at the moment
 	 */
	switch(pid=fork()) {
		case -1:
			fatal_error("cannot create child\n");
		case 0:
			/* do not inherit context fd */
			close(ctx_fd);
			/* pr[]: write master, read child */
			/* pw[]: read master, write child */
			close(pr[1]); close(pw[0]);
			do_child(pr[0], pw[1]);
			exit(1);
	}

	close(pr[0]);
	close(pw[1]);

	/*
	 * Let's roll now
	 */
	if (pfm_start(ctx_fd, NULL))
		fatal_error("pfm_start error errno %d\n",errno);

	signal(SIGALRM, sig_handler);
	alarm(10);
	/*
	 * ping pong loop
	 */
	while(!quit) {
		nbytes = write(pr[1], "c", 1);
		nbytes = read(pw[0], &c, 1);	
	}
	(void)nbytes;

	if (pfm_stop(ctx_fd))
		fatal_error("pfm_stop error errno %d\n",errno);

	/*
	 * now read the results. We use pfp_event_count because
	 * libpfm guarantees that counters for the events always
	 * come first.
	 */
	if (pfm_read_pmds(ctx_fd, pd, inp.pfp_event_count))
		fatal_error( "pfm_read_pmds error errno %d\n",errno);

	/*
	 * print the results
	 */
	for (i=0; i < inp.pfp_event_count; i++) {
		pfm_get_full_event_name(&inp.pfp_events[i], name, len+1);
		printf("PMD%-3u %20"PRIu64" %s\n",
			pd[i].reg_num,
			pd[i].reg_value,
			name);
	}
	free(name);
	/*
	 * kill child process
	 */
	kill(SIGKILL, pid);
	/*
 	 * close pipes
 	 */
	close(pr[1]);
	close(pw[0]);
	/*
	 * and destroy our context
	 */
	close(ctx_fd);
	return 0;
}