/*

 * ita2_opcode.c - example of how to use the opcode matcher with the Itanium2 PMU

 *

 * Copyright (c) 2002-2006 Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P.

 * Contributed by Stephane Eranian <eranian@hpl.hp.com>

 *

 * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy

 * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal

 * in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights

 * to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies

 * of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so,

 * subject to the following conditions:

 *

 * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all

 * copies or substantial portions of the Software.

 *

 * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED,

 * INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A

 * PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT

 * HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF

 * CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE

 * OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.

 *

 * This file is part of libpfm, a performance monitoring support library for

 * applications on Linux/ia64.

 */

#include <sys/types.h>

#include <stdio.h>

#include <stdlib.h>

#include <stdarg.h>

#include <errno.h>

#include <unistd.h>

#include <string.h>

#include <signal.h>

#include <perfmon/perfmon.h>

#include <perfmon/pfmlib_itanium2.h>

#define NUM_PMCS PFMLIB_MAX_PMCS

#define NUM_PMDS PFMLIB_MAX_PMDS

#define MAX_EVT_NAME_LEN	128

#define MAX_PMU_NAME_LEN	32

/*

 * we don't use static to make sure the compiler does not inline the function

 */

int

do_test(unsigned long loop)

{

	unsigned long sum = 0;

	while(loop--) sum += loop;

	return sum;

}

static void fatal_error(char *fmt,...) __attribute__((noreturn));

static void

fatal_error(char *fmt, ...)

{

	va_list ap;

	va_start(ap, fmt);

	vfprintf(stderr, fmt, ap);

	va_end(ap);

	exit(1);

}

int

main(void)

{

	pfmlib_input_param_t inp;

	pfmlib_output_param_t outp;

	pfmlib_ita2_input_param_t ita2_inp;

	pfarg_reg_t pd[NUM_PMDS];

	pfarg_reg_t pc[NUM_PMCS];

	pfarg_context_t ctx[1];

	pfarg_load_t load_args;

	pfmlib_options_t pfmlib_options;

	int ret;

	int type = 0;

	int id;

	unsigned int i;

	char name[MAX_EVT_NAME_LEN];

	/*

	 * Initialize pfm library (required before we can use it)

	 */

	if (pfm_initialize() != PFMLIB_SUCCESS) {

		fatal_error("Can't initialize library\n");

	}

	/*

	 * Let's make sure we run this on the right CPU

	 */

	pfm_get_pmu_type(&type);

	if (type != PFMLIB_ITANIUM2_PMU) {

		char model[MAX_PMU_NAME_LEN];

		pfm_get_pmu_name(model, MAX_PMU_NAME_LEN);

		fatal_error("this program does not work with the %s PMU\n", model);

	}

	/*

	 * pass options to library (optional)

	 */

	memset(&pfmlib_options, 0, sizeof(pfmlib_options));

	pfmlib_options.pfm_debug   = 0; /* set to 1 for debug */

	pfmlib_options.pfm_verbose = 0; /* set to 1 for verbose */

	pfm_set_options(&pfmlib_options);

	memset(pd, 0, sizeof(pd));

	memset(pc, 0, sizeof(pc));

	memset(ctx, 0, sizeof(ctx));

	memset(&load_args, 0, sizeof(load_args));

	memset(&inp,0, sizeof(inp));

	memset(&outp,0, sizeof(outp));

	memset(&ita2_inp,0, sizeof(ita2_inp));

	/*

	 * We indicate that we are using the PMC8 opcode matcher. This is required

	 * otherwise the library add PMC8 to the list of PMC to pogram during

	 * pfm_dispatch_events().

	 */

	ita2_inp.pfp_ita2_pmc8.opcm_used = 1;

	/*

	 * We want to match all the br.cloop in our test function.

	 * This branch is an IP-relative branch for which the major

	 * opcode (bits [40-37]=4) and the btype field is 5 (which represents

	 * bits[6-8]) so it is included in the match/mask fields of PMC8.

	 * It is necessarily in a B slot.

	 *

	 * We don't care which operands are used with br.cloop therefore

	 * the mask field of pmc8 is set such that only the 4 bits of the

	 * opcode and 3 bits of btype must match exactly. This is accomplished by

	 * clearing the top 4 bits and bits [6-8] of the mask field and setting the

	 * remaining bits.  Similarly, the match field only has the opcode value  and btype

	 * set according to the encoding of br.cloop, the

	 * remaining bits are zero. Bit 60 of PMC8 is set to indicate

	 * that we look only in B slots  (this is the only possibility for

	 * this instruction anyway).

	 *

	 * So the binary representation of the value for PMC8 is as follows:

	 *

	 * 6666555555555544444444443333333333222222222211111111110000000000

	 * 3210987654321098765432109876543210987654321098765432109876543210

	 * ----------------------------------------------------------------

	 * 0001010000000000000000101000000000000011111111111111000111111000

	 *

	 * which yields a value of 0x1400028003fff1f8.

	 *

	 * Depending on the level of optimization to compile this code, it may

	 * be that the count reported could be zero, if the compiler uses a br.cond

	 * instead of br.cloop.

	 *

	 *

	 * The 0x1 sets the ig_ad field to make sure we ignore any range restriction.

	 * Also bit 2 must always be set

	 */

	ita2_inp.pfp_ita2_pmc8.pmc_val = 0x1400028003fff1fa;

	/*

	 * To count the number of occurence of this instruction, we must

	 * program a counting monitor with the IA64_TAGGED_INST_RETIRED_PMC8

	 * event.

	 */

	if (pfm_find_full_event("IA64_TAGGED_INST_RETIRED_IBRP0_PMC8", &inp.pfp_events[0]) != PFMLIB_SUCCESS) {

		fatal_error("cannot find event IA64_TAGGED_INST_RETIRED_IBRP0_PMC8\n");

	}

	/*

	 * set the privilege mode:

	 * 	PFM_PLM3 : user level only

	 */

	inp.pfp_dfl_plm   = PFM_PLM3;

	/*

	 * how many counters we use

	 */

	inp.pfp_event_count = 1;

	/*

	 * let the library figure out the values for the PMCS

	 */

	if ((ret=pfm_dispatch_events(&inp, &ita2_inp, &outp, NULL)) != PFMLIB_SUCCESS) {

		fatal_error("cannot configure events: %s\n", pfm_strerror(ret));

	}

	/*

	 * now create the context for self monitoring/per-task

	 */

	if (perfmonctl(0, PFM_CREATE_CONTEXT, ctx, 1) == -1 ) {

		if (errno == ENOSYS) {

			fatal_error("Your kernel does not have performance monitoring support!\n");

		}

		fatal_error("Can't create PFM context %s\n", strerror(errno));

	}

	/*

	 * extract the unique identifier for our context, a regular file descriptor

	 */

	id = ctx[0].ctx_fd;

	/*

	 * Now prepare the argument to initialize the PMDs and PMCS.

	 * We must pfp_pmc_count to determine the number of PMC to intialize.

	 * We must use pfp_event_count to determine the number of PMD to initialize.

	 * Some events causes extra PMCs to be used, so  pfp_pmc_count may be >= pfp_event_count.

	 *

	 * This step is new compared to libpfm-2.x. It is necessary because the library no

	 * longer knows about the kernel data structures.

	 */

	for (i=0; i < outp.pfp_pmc_count; i++) {

		pc[i].reg_num   = outp.pfp_pmcs[i].reg_num;

		pc[i].reg_value = outp.pfp_pmcs[i].reg_value;

	}

	/*

	 * the PMC controlling the event ALWAYS come first, that's why this loop

	 * is safe even when extra PMC are needed to support a particular event.

	 */

	for (i=0; i < inp.pfp_event_count; i++) {

		pd[i].reg_num   = pc[i].reg_num;

	}

	printf("event_count=%d id=%d\n",  inp.pfp_event_count, id);

	/*

	 * Now program the registers

	 *

	 * We don't use the save variable to indicate the number of elements passed to

	 * the kernel because, as we said earlier, pc may contain more elements than

	 * the number of events we specified, i.e., contains more thann coutning monitors.

	 */

	if (perfmonctl(id, PFM_WRITE_PMCS, pc, outp.pfp_pmc_count) == -1) {

		fatal_error("perfmonctl error PFM_WRITE_PMCS errno %d\n",errno);

	}

	if (perfmonctl(id, PFM_WRITE_PMDS, pd, inp.pfp_event_count) == -1) {

		fatal_error("perfmonctl error PFM_WRITE_PMDS errno %d\n",errno);

	}

	/*

	 * now we load (i.e., attach) the context to ourself

	 */

	load_args.load_pid = getpid();

	if (perfmonctl(id, PFM_LOAD_CONTEXT, &load_args, 1) == -1) {

		fatal_error("perfmonctl error PFM_LOAD_CONTEXT errno %d\n",errno);

	}

	/*

	 * Let's roll now.

	 */

	pfm_self_start(id);

	do_test(100UL);

	pfm_self_stop(id);

	/*

	 * now read the results

	 */

	if (perfmonctl(id, PFM_READ_PMDS, pd, inp.pfp_event_count) == -1) {

		fatal_error("perfmonctl error READ_PMDS errno %d\n",errno);

	}

	/*

	 * print the results

	 */

	pfm_get_full_event_name(&inp.pfp_events[0], name, MAX_EVT_NAME_LEN);

	printf("PMD%u %20lu %s\n",

			pd[0].reg_num,

			pd[0].reg_value,

			name);

	if (pd[0].reg_value != 0)

		printf("compiler used br.cloop\n");

	else

		printf("compiler did not use br.cloop\n");

	/*

	 * let's stop this now

	 */

	close(id);

	return 0;

}