\PassOptionsToPackage{unicode=true}{hyperref} % options for packages loaded elsewhere

\PassOptionsToPackage{hyphens}{url}

%

\documentclass[english,]{article}

\usepackage{lmodern}

\usepackage{amssymb,amsmath}

\usepackage{ifxetex,ifluatex}

\usepackage{fixltx2e} % provides \textsubscript

\ifnum 0\ifxetex 1\fi\ifluatex 1\fi=0 % if pdftex

  \usepackage[T1]{fontenc}

  \usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}

  \usepackage{textcomp} % provides euro and other symbols

\else % if luatex or xelatex

  \usepackage{unicode-math}

  \defaultfontfeatures{Ligatures=TeX,Scale=MatchLowercase}

\fi

% use upquote if available, for straight quotes in verbatim environments

\IfFileExists{upquote.sty}{\usepackage{upquote}}{}

% use microtype if available

\IfFileExists{microtype.sty}{%

\usepackage[]{microtype}

\UseMicrotypeSet[protrusion]{basicmath} % disable protrusion for tt fonts

}{}

\IfFileExists{parskip.sty}{%

\usepackage{parskip}

}{% else

\setlength{\parindent}{0pt}

\setlength{\parskip}{6pt plus 2pt minus 1pt}

}

\usepackage{hyperref}

\hypersetup{

            pdfborder={0 0 0},

            breaklinks=true}

\urlstyle{same}  % don't use monospace font for urls

\setlength{\emergencystretch}{3em}  % prevent overfull lines

\providecommand{\tightlist}{%

  \setlength{\itemsep}{0pt}\setlength{\parskip}{0pt}}

\setcounter{secnumdepth}{0}

% Redefines (sub)paragraphs to behave more like sections

\ifx\paragraph\undefined\else

\let\oldparagraph\paragraph

\renewcommand{\paragraph}[1]{\oldparagraph{#1}\mbox{}}

\fi

\ifx\subparagraph\undefined\else

\let\oldsubparagraph\subparagraph

\renewcommand{\subparagraph}[1]{\oldsubparagraph{#1}\mbox{}}

\fi

% set default figure placement to htbp

\makeatletter

\def\fps@figure{htbp}

\makeatother

\ifnum 0\ifxetex 1\fi\ifluatex 1\fi=0 % if pdftex

  \usepackage[shorthands=off,ngerman,british,nswissgerman,spanish,french,main=english]{babel}

  \newcommand{\textgerman}[2][]{\foreignlanguage{ngerman}{#2}}

  \newenvironment{german}[2][]{\begin{otherlanguage}{ngerman}}{\end{otherlanguage}}

  \newcommand{\textenglish}[2][]{\foreignlanguage{british}{#2}}

  \newenvironment{english}[2][]{\begin{otherlanguage}{british}}{\end{otherlanguage}}

  \let\oritextspanish\textspanish

  \AddBabelHook{spanish}{beforeextras}{\renewcommand{\textspanish}{\oritextspanish}}

  \AddBabelHook{spanish}{afterextras}{\renewcommand{\textspanish}[2][]{\foreignlanguage{spanish}{##2}}}

  \newcommand{\textfrench}[2][]{\foreignlanguage{french}{#2}}

  \newenvironment{french}[2][]{\begin{otherlanguage}{french}}{\end{otherlanguage}}

\else

  % load polyglossia as late as possible as it *could* call bidi if RTL lang (e.g. Hebrew or Arabic)

  \usepackage{polyglossia}

  \setmainlanguage[]{english}

  \setotherlanguage[]{german}

  \setotherlanguage[variant=british]{english}

  \setotherlanguage[variant=swiss]{german}

  \setotherlanguage[]{spanish}

  \setotherlanguage[]{french}

\fi

\ifxetex

  % load bidi as late as possible as it modifies e.g. graphicx

    \usepackage{bidi}

  \fi

\ifnum 0\ifxetex 1\fi\ifluatex 1\fi=0 % if pdftex

  \TeXXeTstate=1

  \newcommand{\RL}[1]{\beginR #1\endR}

  \newcommand{\LR}[1]{\beginL #1\endL}

  \newenvironment{RTL}{\beginR}{\endR}

  \newenvironment{LTR}{\beginL}{\endL}

\fi

\date{}

\begin{document}

\hypertarget{empty-divs-and-spans}{%

\section{Empty Divs and Spans}\label{empty-divs-and-spans}}

Some text and

div contents

and more text.

Next paragraph with a {span} and a word-thatincludesa{span}right?

\hypertarget{directionality}{%

\section{Directionality}\label{directionality}}

Some text and

\begin{RTL}

rtl div contents

\end{RTL}

and more text.

\begin{LTR}

and a ltr div. with a \RL{rtl span}.

\end{LTR}

Next paragraph with a \RL{rtl span} and a

word-that-includesa\LR{ltrspan}right?

\hypertarget{languages}{%

\section{Languages}\label{languages}}

Some text and

\begin{german}

German div contents

\end{german}

and more text.

Next paragraph with a \textenglish[variant=british]{British span} and a

word-that-includesa\textgerman[variant=swiss]{Swiss German span}right?

Some \textspanish{Spanish text}.

\hypertarget{combined}{%

\section{Combined}\label{combined}}

Some text and

\begin{RTL}

\begin{french}

French rtl div contents

\end{french}

\end{RTL}

and more text.

Next paragraph with a \LR{\textenglish[variant=british]{British ltr

span}} and a word-that-includesa\LR{\textgerman[variant=swiss]{Swiss

German ltr span}}right?

\end{document}