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=head1 NAME
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mrtg-nt-guide - The MRTG 2.17.7 Windows Installation Guide
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=head1 SYNOPSIS
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Installing MRTG on a Windows box is not quite as "click and point" as some
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might want it to be. But then again, it is not all that difficult if you
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follow the instructions below.
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=head1 PREREQUISITES
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To get MRTG to work on Windows you need the following:
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=over
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=item *
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A current copy of Perl.
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For Example ActivePerl 5.8.8 from ActiveState
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http://www.activestate.com/store/activeperl/download/
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=item *
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The latest version of MRTG from http://oss.oetiker.ch/mrtg/pub. Look for
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mrtg-2.17.7.zip or better. The archive also contains a precompiled copy of
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rateup.exe for Win32.
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=back
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=head1 INSTALLING
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I suggest you do the following from the machine that will be running MRTG,
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which, in this case, is also a web server. All examples are for doing things
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to a LOCAL machine.
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=over
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=item First
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Unzip MRTG to C:\mrtg-2.17.7 on the Windows machine of your choice.
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=item Next
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Install Perl on the same Windows machine. You might want to make sure
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that the Perl binary directory is listed in your system path.
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C:\Perl\bin;%SystemRoot%\system32;%SystemRoot%;...
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You can manually check this by going to [Control Panel]->[System]->[Environment]
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=back
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To see if everything is installed properly you can open a Command Shell
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and go into F<c:\mrtg-2.17.7\bin>. Type:
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perl mrtg
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This should give you a friendly error message complaining about the missing MRTG
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configuration file. Now, you have successfully installed MRTG and Perl.
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=head1 CONFIGURING MRTG
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Now it is time to create a configuration for MRTG. But before we begin you need to know a few things. Take an
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opportunity to gather the following information:
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=over
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=item *
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The IP address or hostname and the SNMP port number, (if non standard), of the device you want to monitor.
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=item *
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If you want to monitor something other than bytes in and out, you must also know the SNMPOID of what you
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want to monitor.
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=item *
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Finally you need to know the read-only SNMP community string
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for your device. If you don't know it, try B<public>, that is the default.
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=back
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For the rest of this document we will be using device B<10.10.10.1> ( a CISCO
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Catalyst 5000) with Community string B<public>. We are interested in monitoring
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traffic, and the CPU load. Let's begin.
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The first thing we do in setting up MRTG is making a default config file.
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Get to a cmd prompt and change to the F<c:\mrtg-2.17.7\bin> directory. Type the
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following command:
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perl cfgmaker public@10.10.10.1 --global "WorkDir: c:\www\mrtg" --output mrtg.cfg
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This creates an initial MRTG config file for you. Note that in this file all interfaces
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of your router will be stored by number. Unfortunately, these numbers are likely to change whenever you
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reconfigure your router. In order to work around this you can get F<cfgmaker> to produce a configuration
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which is based on Ip numbers, or even Interface Descriptions. Check L<cfgmaker>
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If you get an error message complaining about B<no such name> or B
|
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response>, your community name is probably wrong.
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Now, let's take a look at the mrtg.cfg file that was created.
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In Perl, a C<#> is a comment, synonymous with C<REM> in DOS.
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Add the following to the top of the mrtg.cfg file:
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WorkDir: c:\www\mrtg
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This is where the web pages are created, usually a web root.
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######################################################################
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# Description: LCP SUWGB
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# Contact: Administrator
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# System Name: LC-Bridge
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# Location: Here
|
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#.....................................................................
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TargetDevice's IP Address:Interface Number:Community:IP Address
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Target[10.10.10.1.1]: 1:public@10.10.10.1
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This is the interface speed (Default is 10 megabits; for 100Mbit devices use 12500000 and so on...)
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MaxBytes[10.10.10.1.1]: 1250000
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Title[10.10.10.1.1]: LC-Bridge (sample.device): ether0
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|
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|
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This section determines how the web page headers will look
|
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|
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PageTop[10.10.10.1.1]: Traffic Analysis for ether0
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System:LC-Bridge inAndover
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|
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Maintainer:Administrator
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|
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Interface:ether0(1)
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|
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IP:sample.device(10.10.10.1)
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|
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Max Speed:
|
|
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1250.0 kBytes/s (ethernetCsmacd)
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Target[10.10.10.1.2]: 2:public@10.10.10.1
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|
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MaxBytes[10.10.10.1.2]: 1250000
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|
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Title[10.10.10.1.2]: LC-Bridge (): ulink0
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|
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PageTop[10.10.10.1.2]: Traffic Analysis for ulink0
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|
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|
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System:LC-Bridge inAndover
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|
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Maintainer:Administrator
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|
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Interface:ulink0(2)
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IP:()
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Max Speed:
|
|
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1250.0 kBytes/s (ethernetCsmacd)
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#---------------------------------------------------------------
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|
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|
|
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And that's a very basic MRTG config file. You can run this and see your
|
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results by going into the F<c:\mrtg-2.17.7\bin> directory and typing:
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|
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|
|
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perl mrtg mrtg.cfg
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|
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|
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It is normal to get errors for the first two times you run this command. The
|
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errors will alert you about the fact that there have not been any log files
|
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in existence before.
|
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If you take a look at those web pages they are not very exciting (yet). You need
|
|
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to have the MRTG files run every five minutes to produce the desired results.
|
|
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Just run it again after a few minutes. You should now be able to see the first
|
|
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lines in your graphs.
|
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|
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=head1 MAKE MRTG RUN ALL THE TIME
|
|
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Starting MRTG by hand every time you want to run it is not going to make you
|
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happy I guess.
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There is a special option you can set in the MRTG configuration file so
|
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so that MRTG will not terminate after it was started. Instead it
|
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will wait for 5 minutes and then run again.
|
|
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|
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Add the option
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|
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|
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RunAsDaemon: yes
|
|
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|
|
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to your mrtg.cfg file and start it with:
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|
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|
|
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start /Dc:\mrtg-2.17.7\bin wperl mrtg --logging=eventlog mrtg.cfg
|
|
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|
|
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If you use B<wperl> instead of B<perl>, no console window will show. MRTG is now
|
|
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running in the background. If it runs into problems it will tell you so
|
|
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over the EventLog. To stop MRTG, open the Task Manager and terminate the
|
|
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B<wperl.exe> process. If mrtg has anything to tell you these messages
|
|
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can be found in the event log.
|
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If you put a shortcut with
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|
|
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Target: wperl mrtg --logging=eventlog mrtg.cfg
|
|
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Start in: c:\mrtg-2.17.7\bin
|
|
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|
|
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into your start-up folder, MRTG will now start whenever you login to your NT
|
|
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box.
|
|
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|
|
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If you do not want to log into your box just to start MRTG. Have a look
|
|
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at http://www.firedaemon.com/mrtg-howto.html which describes a free tool to
|
|
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start any program as a Service. The pages gives specific instructions for
|
|
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MRTG users.
|
|
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|
|
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=head1 HOW TO SETUP MRTG AS A WINDOWS SERVICE
|
|
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|
|
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=head2 Additional Prerequisites
|
|
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=over
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=item *
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|
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MRTG must be installed and fully configured on the target system. In the
|
|
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following exercise the assumption is that MRTG is installed under c:\mrtg\
|
|
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and all the sample files use this location.
|
|
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|
|
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=item *
|
|
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|
|
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Microsoft Tools B<SRVANY.exe> (Applications as Services Utility) and
|
|
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B<INSTSRV.exe> (Service Installer) - Those files can be downloaded from
|
|
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Microsoft as a part of Windows 2000 Resource Kit at
|
|
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L<http://www.microsoft.com/windows2000/techinfo/reskit/tools/default.asp>.
|
|
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They are also available from other locations such as
|
|
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L<http://www.electrasoft.com/srvany/srvany.htm>,
|
|
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L<http://www.iopus.com/guides/srvany.htm>, etc. Detailed instructions on how
|
|
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to use this package are available at
|
|
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L<http://support.microsoft.com/kb/q137890/>. In order to follow the steps in
|
|
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this HOW-TO you B<MUST> obtain both executables.
|
|
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|
|
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=item *
|
|
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|
|
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You must have administrative rights on the target system.
|
|
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|
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=back
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=head2 Preparation
|
|
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|
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Please complete the following steps before starting the installation:
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=over
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=item *
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|
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|
|
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Copy B<srvany.exe> and B<instsrv.exe> to c:\mrtg-2.17.7\bin\ (your MRTG bin directory).
|
|
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|
|
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=item *
|
|
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|
|
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Create a file called B<mrtg.reg> anywhere on your system and paste the
|
|
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following content into it:
|
|
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|
|
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Windows Registry Editor Version 5.00
|
|
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|
|
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[HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Services\MRTG\Parameters]
|
|
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"Application"="c:\\perl\\bin\\wperl.exe"
|
|
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"AppParameters"="c:\\mrtg-2.17.7\\bin\\mrtg --logging=eventlog c:\\mrtg-2.17.7\\bin\\mrtg.cfg"
|
|
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"AppDirectory"="c:\\mrtg-2.17.7\\bin\\"
|
|
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|
|
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=back
|
|
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|
|
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=head2 Service Installation
|
|
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|
|
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Once again, assuming that MRTG is already fully installed and configured on
|
|
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the target system under c:\mrtg\ the following steps are necessary to setup
|
|
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MRTG as a service.
|
|
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|
|
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Using the command prompt go into the temporary directory where you unzipped
|
|
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the package. When there type the following command to create a service
|
|
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named "MRTG" in the Windows Services management console:
|
|
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|
|
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instsrv MRTG c:\mrtg\bin\srvany.exe
|
|
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|
|
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Now you need to create the B<App*> entries required for the new service. You
|
|
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can do this by either right-clicking on the mrtg.reg file and selecting
|
|
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'merge' or by running the following command:
|
|
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|
|
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regedit /s mrtg.reg
|
|
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|
|
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After setting up the registry entry it is time to point it to your MRTG
|
|
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installation. If you have installed MRTG under F<c:\mrtg\>, you can skip this
|
|
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step. Open your registry editor (Start -E<gt> Run -E<gt> regedt32), and locate the
|
|
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B<[HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Services\MRTG]> key. Make
|
|
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sure that the B<ImagePath> variable is correctly pointing to B<srvany.exe>
|
|
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located in your MRTG bin directory (for example c:\mrtg\bin\srvany.exe).
|
|
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Next you have to expand the MRTG tree, and go to the
|
|
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B<[HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Services\MRTG\Parameters]>
|
|
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key. Under Parameters make sure that all the B<Application> variables are
|
|
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setup properly.
|
|
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|
|
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At this point you are ready to run the service. The only thing left to do
|
|
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is to start the MRTG service in the Services management console. After you
|
|
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do this, you should see two new processes running on your system: srvany.exe
|
|
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and wperl.exe. Make sure to stop any previously running MRTG processes to
|
|
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avoid conflict.
|
|
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|
|
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Note that it is imperative to set the B<RunAsDaemon: yes> option or the
|
|
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service will stop after just one single run!
|
|
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|
|
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=head1 EXAMPLE
|
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Now lets look at a config file to monitor what we wanted to on our mythical
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Cisco Cat 5000 -- utilization on ports 3, 5, 10, and 24, and the CPU Load,
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which will show us nonstandard mrtg configurations as well as more options..
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WorkDir: c:\www\mrtg
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RunAsDaemon: yes
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######################################################################
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# Description: LCP SUWGB
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# Contact: Administrator
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# System Name: LC-Bridge
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# Location: Here
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#.....................................................................
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Target[10.10.10.1.1]: 3:public@10.10.10.1
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MaxBytes[10.10.10.1.1]: 1250000
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Title[10.10.10.1.1]: LC-Bridge (sample-device): ether0
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PageTop[10.10.10.1.1]: Traffic Analysis for ether0
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System:LC-Bridge inAndover
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Maintainer:Administrator
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Interface:ether0(3)
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IP:sample-device(10.10.10.1)
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Max Speed:
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1250.0 kBytes/s (ethernetCsmacd)
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#---------------------------------------------------------------
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Target[10.10.10.1.2]: 5:public@10.10.10.1
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MaxBytes[10.10.10.1.2]: 1250000
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Title[10.10.10.1.2]: LC-Bridge (): ulink0
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PageTop[10.10.10.1.2]: Traffic Analysis for ulink0
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System:LC-Bridge inAndover
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Maintainer:Administrator
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Interface:ulink0(5)
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IP:()
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Max Speed:
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1250.0 kBytes/s (ethernetCsmacd)
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#---------------------------------------------------------------
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Target[10.10.10.1.1]: 10:public@10.10.10.1
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MaxBytes[10.10.10.1.1]: 1250000
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Title[10.10.10.1.1]: LC-Bridge (sample-device): ether0
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PageTop[10.10.10.1.1]: Traffic Analysis for ether0
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System:LC-Bridge inAndover
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Maintainer:Administrator
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Interface:ether0(10)
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IP:sample-device(10.10.10.1)
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Max Speed:
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1250.0 kBytes/s (ethernetCsmacd)
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#---------------------------------------------------------------
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Target[10.10.10.1.2]: 24:public@10.10.10.1
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MaxBytes[10.10.10.1.2]: 1250000
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Title[10.10.10.1.2]: LC-Bridge (): ulink0
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PageTop[10.10.10.1.2]: Traffic Analysis for ulink0
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System:LC-Bridge inAndover
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Maintainer:Administrator
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Interface:ulink0(24)
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IP:()
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Max Speed:
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1250.0 kBytes/s (ethernetCsmacd)
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#---------------------------------------------------------------
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# Router CPU load %
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Target[cpu.1]:1.3.6.1.4.1.9.2.1.58.0&1.3.6.1.4.1.9.2.1.58.0:public@10.10.10.1
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RouterUptime[cpu.1]: public@10.10.10.1
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MaxBytes[cpu.1]: 100
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Title[cpu.1]: CPU LOAD
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PageTop[cpu.1]: CPU Load %
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Unscaled[cpu.1]: ymwd
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ShortLegend[cpu.1]: %
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XSize[cpu.1]: 380
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YSize[cpu.1]: 100
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YLegend[cpu.1]: CPU Utilization
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Legend1[cpu.1]: CPU Utilization in % (Load)
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Legend2[cpu.1]: CPU Utilization in % (Load)
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Legend3[cpu.1]:
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Legend4[cpu.1]:
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LegendI[cpu.1]:
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LegendO[cpu.1]: Usage
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Options[cpu.1]: gauge
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This is a nice example of how to monitor any SNMP device if you know what OID
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you want to use. Once again, for an explanation of the more advance features of
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mrtg, please see the rest of the documentation.
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=head1 AUTHORS
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Tobi Oetiker E<lt>tobi@oetiker.chE<gt>,
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David S. Divins E<lt>ddivins@moon.jic.comE<gt>,
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Steve Pierce E<lt>MRTG@HDL.comE<gt>,
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Artyom Adjemov E<lt>one.bofh@gmail.comE<gt>,
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Ilja Ivanov E<lt>ivanov@bseu.byE<gt>
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Karel Fajkus E<lt>http://fajkus.cz/E<gt>
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