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.\" $XConsortium: mkdepend.man /main/19 1996/09/28 16:15:44 rws $
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.\" Copyright (c) 1993, 1994 X Consortium
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.\"
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.\" Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a
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.\" copy of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"),
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.\" to deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation
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.\" the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense,
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.\" and/or sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the
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.\" Software furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
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.\"
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.\" The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
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.\" all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
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.\"
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.\" THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
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.\" IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
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.\" FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL
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.\" THE X CONSORTIUM BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY,
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.\" WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF
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.\" OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
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.\" SOFTWARE.
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.\"
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.\" Except as contained in this notice, the name of the X Consortium shall not
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.\" be used in advertising or otherwise to promote the sale, use or other
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.\" dealing in this Software without prior written authorization from the
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.\" X Consortium.
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.TH MAKEDEPEND 1 "Release 6.1" "X Version 11"
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.UC 4
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.SH NAME
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makedepend \- create dependencies in makefiles
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.SH SYNOPSIS
|
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.B makedepend
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[
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.BI \-D name\fB=\fPdef
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] [
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.BI \-D name
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] [
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.BI \-I includedir
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] [
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.BI \-Y includedir
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] [
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.B \-a
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] [
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.BI \-f makefile
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] [
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.BI \-o objsuffix
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] [
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.BI \-p objprefix
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] [
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.BI \-s string
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] [
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.BI \-w width
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] [
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.B \-v
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] [
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.B \-m
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] [
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\-\^\-
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.I otheroptions
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\-\^\-
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]
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.I sourcefile
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\&.\|.\|.
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.br
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.SH DESCRIPTION
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The
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.B makedepend
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program reads each
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.I sourcefile
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in sequence and parses it like a C-preprocessor,
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processing all
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.I #include,
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.I #define,
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.I #undef,
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.I #ifdef,
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.I #ifndef,
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.I #endif,
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.I #if,
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.I #elif
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and
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.I #else
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directives so that it can correctly tell which
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.I #include,
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directives would be used in a compilation.
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Any
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.I #include,
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directives can reference files having other
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.I #include
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directives, and parsing will occur in these files as well.
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.PP
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Every file that a
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.I sourcefile
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includes,
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directly or indirectly,
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is what
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.B makedepend
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calls a \fIdependency.\fP
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These dependencies are then written to a
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.I makefile
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in such a way that
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.B make(1)
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will know which object files must be recompiled when a dependency has changed.
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.PP
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b099d7 |
By default,
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.B makedepend
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places its output in the file named
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.I makefile
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if it exists, otherwise
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.I Makefile.
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An alternate makefile may be specified with the
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.B \-f
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option.
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It first searches the makefile for
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the line
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.sp
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# DO NOT DELETE THIS LINE \-\^\- make depend depends on it.
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.sp
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or one provided with the
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.B \-s
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|
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option,
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as a delimiter for the dependency output.
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If it finds it, it will delete everything
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following this to the end of the makefile
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and put the output after this line.
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If it doesn't find it, the program
|
|
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will append the string to the end of the makefile
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|
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and place the output following that.
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For each
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.I sourcefile
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appearing on the command line,
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.B makedepend
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puts lines in the makefile of the form
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b099d7 |
.sp
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sourcefile.o:\0dfile .\|.\|.
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|
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.sp
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b099d7 |
Where \fIsourcefile.o\fP is the name from the command
|
|
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line with its suffix replaced with ``.o'',
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and \fIdfile\fP is a dependency discovered in a
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.I #include
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directive while parsing
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b099d7 |
.I sourcefile
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or one of the files it included.
|
|
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.SH EXAMPLE
|
|
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b099d7 |
Normally,
|
|
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b099d7 |
.B makedepend
|
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b099d7 |
will be used in a makefile target so that typing ``make depend'' will
|
|
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b099d7 |
bring the dependencies up to date for the makefile.
|
|
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b099d7 |
For example,
|
|
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b099d7 |
.nf
|
|
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SRCS\0=\0file1.c\0file2.c\0.\|.\|.
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|
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CFLAGS\0=\0\-O\0\-DHACK\0\-I\^.\^.\^/foobar\0\-xyz
|
|
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depend:
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|
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makedepend\0\-\^\-\0$(CFLAGS)\0\-\^\-\0$(SRCS)
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|
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.fi
|
|
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.SH OPTIONS
|
|
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The program
|
|
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b099d7 |
will ignore any option that it does not understand so that you may use
|
|
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b099d7 |
the same arguments that you would for
|
|
Packit |
b099d7 |
.B cc(1).
|
|
Packit |
b099d7 |
.TP 5
|
|
Packit |
b099d7 |
.B \-D\fIname\fP=\fIdef\fP \fRor\fP \-D\fIname\fP
|
|
Packit |
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Define.
|
|
Packit |
b099d7 |
This places a definition for
|
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b099d7 |
.I name
|
|
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b099d7 |
in
|
|
Packit |
b099d7 |
.B makedepend's
|
|
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symbol table.
|
|
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b099d7 |
Without
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b099d7 |
.I =def\|
|
|
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b099d7 |
the symbol becomes defined as ``1''.
|
|
Packit |
b099d7 |
.TP 5
|
|
Packit |
b099d7 |
.B \-I\fIincludedir\fP
|
|
Packit |
b099d7 |
Include directory.
|
|
Packit |
b099d7 |
This option tells
|
|
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b099d7 |
.B makedepend
|
|
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b099d7 |
to prepend
|
|
Packit |
b099d7 |
.I includedir
|
|
Packit |
b099d7 |
to its list of directories to search when it encounters
|
|
Packit |
b099d7 |
a
|
|
Packit |
b099d7 |
.I #include
|
|
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b099d7 |
directive.
|
|
Packit |
b099d7 |
By default,
|
|
Packit |
b099d7 |
.B makedepend
|
|
Packit |
b099d7 |
only searches the standard include directories (usually /usr/include
|
|
Packit |
b099d7 |
and possibly a compiler-dependent directory).
|
|
Packit |
b099d7 |
.TP 5
|
|
Packit |
b099d7 |
.B \-Y\fIincludedir\fP
|
|
Packit |
b099d7 |
Replace all of the standard include directories with the single specified
|
|
Packit |
b099d7 |
include directory; you can omit the
|
|
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b099d7 |
.I includedir
|
|
Packit |
b099d7 |
to simply prevent searching the standard include directories.
|
|
Packit |
b099d7 |
.TP 5
|
|
Packit |
b099d7 |
.B \-a
|
|
Packit |
b099d7 |
Append the dependencies to the end of the file instead of replacing them.
|
|
Packit |
b099d7 |
.TP 5
|
|
Packit |
b099d7 |
.B \-f\fImakefile\fP
|
|
Packit |
b099d7 |
Filename.
|
|
Packit |
b099d7 |
This allows you to specify an alternate makefile in which
|
|
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b099d7 |
.B makedepend
|
|
Packit |
b099d7 |
can place its output.
|
|
Packit |
b099d7 |
Specifying ``\-'' as the file name (i.e., \fB\-f\-\fP) sends the
|
|
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b099d7 |
output to standard output instead of modifying an existing file.
|
|
Packit |
b099d7 |
.TP 5
|
|
Packit |
b099d7 |
.B \-o\fIobjsuffix\fP
|
|
Packit |
b099d7 |
Object file suffix.
|
|
Packit |
b099d7 |
Some systems may have object files whose suffix is something other
|
|
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b099d7 |
than ``.o''.
|
|
Packit |
b099d7 |
This option allows you to specify another suffix, such as
|
|
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b099d7 |
``.b'' with
|
|
Packit |
b099d7 |
.I \-o.b
|
|
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b099d7 |
or ``:obj''
|
|
Packit |
b099d7 |
with
|
|
Packit |
b099d7 |
.I \-o:obj
|
|
Packit |
b099d7 |
and so forth.
|
|
Packit |
b099d7 |
.TP 5
|
|
Packit |
b099d7 |
.B \-p\fIobjprefix\fP
|
|
Packit |
b099d7 |
Object file prefix.
|
|
Packit |
b099d7 |
The prefix is prepended to the name of the object file. This is
|
|
Packit |
b099d7 |
usually used to designate a different directory for the object file.
|
|
Packit |
b099d7 |
The default is the empty string.
|
|
Packit |
b099d7 |
.TP 5
|
|
Packit |
b099d7 |
.B \-s\fIstring\fP
|
|
Packit |
b099d7 |
Starting string delimiter.
|
|
Packit |
b099d7 |
This option permits you to specify
|
|
Packit |
b099d7 |
a different string for
|
|
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b099d7 |
.B makedepend
|
|
Packit |
b099d7 |
to look for in the makefile.
|
|
Packit |
b099d7 |
.TP 5
|
|
Packit |
b099d7 |
.B \-w\fIwidth\fP
|
|
Packit |
b099d7 |
Line width.
|
|
Packit |
b099d7 |
Normally,
|
|
Packit |
b099d7 |
.B makedepend
|
|
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b099d7 |
will ensure that every output line that it writes will be no wider than
|
|
Packit |
b099d7 |
78 characters for the sake of readability.
|
|
Packit |
b099d7 |
This option enables you to change this width.
|
|
Packit |
b099d7 |
.TP 5
|
|
Packit |
b099d7 |
.B \-v
|
|
Packit |
b099d7 |
Verbose operation.
|
|
Packit |
b099d7 |
This option causes
|
|
Packit |
b099d7 |
.B makedepend
|
|
Packit |
b099d7 |
to emit the list of files included by each input file on standard output.
|
|
Packit |
b099d7 |
.TP 5
|
|
Packit |
b099d7 |
.B \-m
|
|
Packit |
b099d7 |
Warn about multiple inclusion.
|
|
Packit |
b099d7 |
This option causes
|
|
Packit |
b099d7 |
.B makedepend
|
|
Packit |
b099d7 |
to produce a warning if any input file includes another file more than
|
|
Packit |
b099d7 |
once. In previous versions of
|
|
Packit |
b099d7 |
.B makedepend
|
|
Packit |
b099d7 |
this was the default behavior; the default has been changed to better
|
|
Packit |
b099d7 |
match the behavior of the C compiler, which does not consider multiple
|
|
Packit |
b099d7 |
inclusion to be an error. This option is provided for backward
|
|
Packit |
b099d7 |
compatibility, and to aid in debugging problems related to multiple
|
|
Packit |
b099d7 |
inclusion.
|
|
Packit |
b099d7 |
.TP 5
|
|
Packit |
b099d7 |
.B "\-\^\- \fIoptions\fP \-\^\-"
|
|
Packit |
b099d7 |
If
|
|
Packit |
b099d7 |
.B makedepend
|
|
Packit |
b099d7 |
encounters a double hyphen (\-\^\-) in the argument list,
|
|
Packit |
b099d7 |
then any unrecognized argument following it
|
|
Packit |
b099d7 |
will be silently ignored; a second double hyphen terminates this
|
|
Packit |
b099d7 |
special treatment.
|
|
Packit |
b099d7 |
In this way,
|
|
Packit |
b099d7 |
.B makedepend
|
|
Packit |
b099d7 |
can be made to safely ignore esoteric compiler arguments that might
|
|
Packit |
b099d7 |
normally be found in a CFLAGS
|
|
Packit |
b099d7 |
.B make
|
|
Packit |
b099d7 |
macro (see the
|
|
Packit |
b099d7 |
.B EXAMPLE
|
|
Packit |
b099d7 |
section above).
|
|
Packit |
b099d7 |
All options that
|
|
Packit |
b099d7 |
.B makedepend
|
|
Packit |
b099d7 |
recognizes and appear between the pair of double hyphens
|
|
Packit |
b099d7 |
are processed normally.
|
|
Packit |
b099d7 |
.SH ALGORITHM
|
|
Packit |
b099d7 |
The approach used in this program enables it to run an order of magnitude
|
|
Packit |
b099d7 |
faster than any other ``dependency generator'' I have ever seen.
|
|
Packit |
b099d7 |
Central to this performance are two assumptions:
|
|
Packit |
b099d7 |
that all files compiled by a single
|
|
Packit |
b099d7 |
makefile will be compiled with roughly the same
|
|
Packit |
b099d7 |
.I \-I
|
|
Packit |
b099d7 |
and
|
|
Packit |
b099d7 |
.I \-D
|
|
Packit |
b099d7 |
options;
|
|
Packit |
b099d7 |
and that most files in a single directory will include largely the
|
|
Packit |
b099d7 |
same files.
|
|
Packit |
b099d7 |
.PP
|
|
Packit |
b099d7 |
Given these assumptions,
|
|
Packit |
b099d7 |
.B makedepend
|
|
Packit |
b099d7 |
expects to be called once for each makefile, with
|
|
Packit |
b099d7 |
all source files that are maintained by the
|
|
Packit |
b099d7 |
makefile appearing on the command line.
|
|
Packit |
b099d7 |
It parses each source and include
|
|
Packit |
b099d7 |
file exactly once, maintaining an internal symbol table
|
|
Packit |
b099d7 |
for each.
|
|
Packit |
b099d7 |
Thus, the first file on the command line will take an amount of time
|
|
Packit |
b099d7 |
proportional to the amount of time that a normal C preprocessor takes.
|
|
Packit |
b099d7 |
But on subsequent files, if it encounters an include file
|
|
Packit |
b099d7 |
that it has already parsed, it does not parse it again.
|
|
Packit |
b099d7 |
.PP
|
|
Packit |
b099d7 |
For example,
|
|
Packit |
b099d7 |
imagine you are compiling two files,
|
|
Packit |
b099d7 |
.I file1.c
|
|
Packit |
b099d7 |
and
|
|
Packit |
b099d7 |
.I file2.c,
|
|
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b099d7 |
they each include the header file
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.I header.h,
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and the file
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.I header.h
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in turn includes the files
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.I def1.h
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and
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.I def2.h.
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When you run the command
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.sp
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makedepend\0file1.c\0file2.c
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.sp
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.B makedepend
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will parse
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.I file1.c
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and consequently,
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.I header.h
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and then
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.I def1.h
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and
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.I def2.h.
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It then decides that the dependencies for this file are
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.sp
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file1.o:\0header.h\0def1.h\0def2.h
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.sp
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But when the program parses
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.I file2.c
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and discovers that it, too, includes
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.I header.h,
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it does not parse the file,
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but simply adds
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.I header.h,
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.I def1.h
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and
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.I def2.h
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to the list of dependencies for
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.I file2.o.
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.SH "SEE ALSO"
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cc(1), make(1)
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.SH BUGS
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.B makedepend
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parses, but does not currently evaluate, the SVR4
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#predicate(token-list) preprocessor expression;
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such expressions are simply assumed to be true.
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This may cause the wrong
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.I #include
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directives to be evaluated.
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.PP
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Imagine you are parsing two files,
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say
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.I file1.c
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and
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.I file2.c,
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each includes the file
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.I def.h.
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The list of files that
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.I def.h
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includes might truly be different when
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.I def.h
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is included by
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.I file1.c
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than when it is included by
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.I file2.c.
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But once
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.B makedepend
|
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arrives at a list of dependencies for a file,
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it is cast in concrete.
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.SH AUTHOR
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Todd Brunhoff, Tektronix, Inc. and MIT Project Athena
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