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<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
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<title>Internationalization: GLib Reference Manual</title>
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<link rel="up" href="glib-utilities.html" title="GLib Utilities">
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<link rel="prev" href="glib-Data-HMACs.html" title="Secure HMAC Digests">
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<body bgcolor="white" text="black" link="#0000FF" vlink="#840084" alink="#0000FF">
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Top |
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Description
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Internationalization
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Internationalization — gettext support macros
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Functions
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#define
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Q_()
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#define
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C_()
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#define
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N_()
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#define
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NC_()
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const gchar *
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g_dgettext ()
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const gchar *
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g_dcgettext ()
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const gchar *
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g_dngettext ()
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const gchar *
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g_dpgettext ()
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const gchar *
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g_dpgettext2 ()
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const gchar *
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g_strip_context ()
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const gchar * const *
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g_get_language_names ()
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gchar **
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g_get_locale_variants ()
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Includes
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#include <glib.h>
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#include <glib/gi18n.h>
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Description
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GLib doesn't force any particular localization method upon its users.
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But since GLib itself is localized using the gettext() mechanism, it seems
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natural to offer the de-facto standard gettext() support macros in an
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easy-to-use form.
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In order to use these macros in an application, you must include
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<glib/gi18n.h>. For use in a library, you must include
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<glib/gi18n-lib.h>
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after defining the GETTEXT_PACKAGE macro suitably for your library:
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1
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2
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#define GETTEXT_PACKAGE "gtk20"
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#include <glib/gi18n-lib.h>
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For an application, note that you also have to call bindtextdomain(),
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bind_textdomain_codeset(), textdomain() and setlocale() early on in your
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main() to make gettext() work. For example:
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13
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#include <glib/gi18n.h>
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#include <locale.h>
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int
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main (int argc, char **argv)
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{
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setlocale (LC_ALL, "");
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bindtextdomain (GETTEXT_PACKAGE, DATADIR "/locale");
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bind_textdomain_codeset (GETTEXT_PACKAGE, "UTF-8");
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textdomain (GETTEXT_PACKAGE);
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}
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where DATADIR is as typically provided by automake.
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For a library, you only have to call bindtextdomain() and
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bind_textdomain_codeset() in your initialization function. If your library
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doesn't have an initialization function, you can call the functions before
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the first translated message.
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The
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gettext manual
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covers details of how to integrate gettext into a project’s build system and
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workflow.
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Functions
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Q_()
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#define Q_(String)
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Like _(), but handles context in message ids. This has the advantage
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that the string can be adorned with a prefix to guarantee uniqueness
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and provide context to the translator.
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One use case given in the gettext manual is GUI translation, where one
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could e.g. disambiguate two "Open" menu entries as "File|Open" and
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"Printer|Open". Another use case is the string "Russian" which may
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have to be translated differently depending on whether it's the name
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of a character set or a language. This could be solved by using
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"charset|Russian" and "language|Russian".
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See the C_() macro for a different way to mark up translatable strings
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with context.
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If you are using the Q_() macro, you need to make sure that you pass
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--keyword=Q_ to xgettext when extracting messages.
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If you are using GNU gettext >= 0.15, you can also use
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--keyword=Q_:1g to let xgettext split the context
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string off into a msgctxt line in the po file.
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Parameters
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String
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the string to be translated, with a '|'-separated prefix
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which must not be translated
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Returns
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the translated message
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Since: 2.4
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C_()
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#define C_(Context,String)
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Uses gettext to get the translation for String
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. Context
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is
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used as a context. This is mainly useful for short strings which
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may need different translations, depending on the context in which
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they are used.
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1
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2
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label1 = C_("Navigation", "Back");
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label2 = C_("Body part", "Back");
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If you are using the C_() macro, you need to make sure that you pass
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--keyword=C_:1c,2 to xgettext when extracting messages.
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Note that this only works with GNU gettext >= 0.15.
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Parameters
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Context
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a message context, must be a string literal
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String
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a message id, must be a string literal
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Returns
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the translated message
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Since: 2.16
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N_()
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#define N_(String)
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Only marks a string for translation. This is useful in situations
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where the translated strings can't be directly used, e.g. in string
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array initializers. To get the translated string, call gettext()
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at runtime.
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{
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static const char *messages[] = {
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N_("some very meaningful message"),
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N_("and another one")
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};
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const char *string;
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...
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string
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= index > 1 ? _("a default message") : gettext (messages[index]);
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fputs (string);
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...
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}
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Parameters
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String
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the string to be translated
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Since: 2.4
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NC_()
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#define NC_(Context, String)
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Only marks a string for translation, with context.
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This is useful in situations where the translated strings can't
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be directly used, e.g. in string array initializers. To get the
|
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translated string, you should call g_dpgettext2() at runtime.
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1
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2
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3
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4
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5
|
|
Packit |
ae235b |
6
|
|
Packit |
ae235b |
7
|
|
Packit |
ae235b |
8
|
|
Packit |
ae235b |
9
|
|
Packit |
ae235b |
10
|
|
Packit |
ae235b |
11
|
|
Packit |
ae235b |
12
|
|
Packit |
ae235b |
13
|
|
Packit |
ae235b |
14
|
|
Packit |
ae235b |
{
|
|
Packit |
ae235b |
static const char *messages[] = {
|
|
Packit |
ae235b |
NC_("some context", "some very meaningful message"),
|
|
Packit |
ae235b |
NC_("some context", "and another one")
|
|
Packit |
ae235b |
};
|
|
Packit |
ae235b |
const char *string;
|
|
Packit |
ae235b |
...
|
|
Packit |
ae235b |
string
|
|
Packit |
ae235b |
= index > 1 ? g_dpgettext2 (NULL, "some context", "a default message")
|
|
Packit |
ae235b |
: g_dpgettext2 (NULL, "some context", messages[index]);
|
|
Packit |
ae235b |
|
|
Packit |
ae235b |
fputs (string);
|
|
Packit |
ae235b |
...
|
|
Packit |
ae235b |
}
|
|
Packit |
ae235b |
|
|
Packit |
ae235b |
|
|
Packit |
ae235b |
|
|
Packit |
ae235b |
|
|
Packit |
ae235b |
|
|
Packit |
ae235b |
|
|
Packit |
ae235b |
If you are using the NC_() macro, you need to make sure that you pass
|
|
Packit |
ae235b |
--keyword=NC_:1c,2 to xgettext when extracting messages.
|
|
Packit |
ae235b |
Note that this only works with GNU gettext >= 0.15. Intltool has support
|
|
Packit |
ae235b |
for the NC_() macro since version 0.40.1.
|
|
Packit |
ae235b |
|
|
Packit |
ae235b |
Parameters
|
|
Packit |
ae235b |
|
|
Packit |
ae235b |
|
|
Packit |
ae235b |
|
|
Packit |
ae235b |
|
|
Packit |
ae235b |
|
|
Packit |
ae235b |
|
|
Packit |
ae235b |
|
|
Packit |
ae235b |
|
|
Packit |
ae235b |
Context
|
|
Packit |
ae235b |
a message context, must be a string literal
|
|
Packit |
ae235b |
|
|
Packit |
ae235b |
|
|
Packit |
ae235b |
|
|
Packit |
ae235b |
String
|
|
Packit |
ae235b |
a message id, must be a string literal
|
|
Packit |
ae235b |
|
|
Packit |
ae235b |
|
|
Packit |
ae235b |
|
|
Packit |
ae235b |
|
|
Packit |
ae235b |
|
|
Packit |
ae235b |
Since: 2.18
|
|
Packit |
ae235b |
|
|
Packit |
ae235b |
|
|
Packit |
ae235b |
|
|
Packit |
ae235b |
g_dgettext ()
|
|
Packit |
ae235b |
const gchar *
|
|
Packit |
ae235b |
g_dgettext (const gchar *domain,
|
|
Packit |
ae235b |
const gchar *msgid);
|
|
Packit |
ae235b |
This function is a wrapper of dgettext() which does not translate
|
|
Packit |
ae235b |
the message if the default domain as set with textdomain() has no
|
|
Packit |
ae235b |
translations for the current locale.
|
|
Packit |
ae235b |
The advantage of using this function over dgettext() proper is that
|
|
Packit |
ae235b |
libraries using this function (like GTK+) will not use translations
|
|
Packit |
ae235b |
if the application using the library does not have translations for
|
|
Packit |
ae235b |
the current locale. This results in a consistent English-only
|
|
Packit |
ae235b |
interface instead of one having partial translations. For this
|
|
Packit |
ae235b |
feature to work, the call to textdomain() and setlocale() should
|
|
Packit |
ae235b |
precede any g_dgettext() invocations. For GTK+, it means calling
|
|
Packit |
ae235b |
textdomain() before gtk_init or its variants.
|
|
Packit |
ae235b |
This function disables translations if and only if upon its first
|
|
Packit |
ae235b |
call all the following conditions hold:
|
|
Packit |
ae235b |
|
|
Packit |
ae235b |
domain
|
|
Packit |
ae235b |
is not NULL
|
|
Packit |
ae235b |
textdomain() has been called to set a default text domain
|
|
Packit |
ae235b |
there is no translations available for the default text domain
|
|
Packit |
ae235b |
and the current locale
|
|
Packit |
ae235b |
current locale is not "C" or any English locales (those
|
|
Packit |
ae235b |
starting with "en_")
|
|
Packit |
ae235b |
|
|
Packit |
ae235b |
Note that this behavior may not be desired for example if an application
|
|
Packit |
ae235b |
has its untranslated messages in a language other than English. In those
|
|
Packit |
ae235b |
cases the application should call textdomain() after initializing GTK+.
|
|
Packit |
ae235b |
Applications should normally not use this function directly,
|
|
Packit |
ae235b |
but use the _() macro for translations.
|
|
Packit |
ae235b |
|
|
Packit |
ae235b |
Parameters
|
|
Packit |
ae235b |
|
|
Packit |
ae235b |
|
|
Packit |
ae235b |
|
|
Packit |
ae235b |
|
|
Packit |
ae235b |
|
|
Packit |
ae235b |
|
|
Packit |
ae235b |
|
|
Packit |
ae235b |
|
|
Packit |
ae235b |
domain
|
|
Packit |
ae235b |
the translation domain to use, or NULL to use
|
|
Packit |
ae235b |
the domain set with textdomain().
|
|
Packit |
ae235b |
[nullable]
|
|
Packit |
ae235b |
|
|
Packit |
ae235b |
|
|
Packit |
ae235b |
msgid
|
|
Packit |
ae235b |
message to translate
|
|
Packit |
ae235b |
|
|
Packit |
ae235b |
|
|
Packit |
ae235b |
|
|
Packit |
ae235b |
|
|
Packit |
ae235b |
|
|
Packit |
ae235b |
|
|
Packit |
ae235b |
Returns
|
|
Packit |
ae235b |
The translated string
|
|
Packit |
ae235b |
|
|
Packit |
ae235b |
Since: 2.18
|
|
Packit |
ae235b |
|
|
Packit |
ae235b |
|
|
Packit |
ae235b |
|
|
Packit |
ae235b |
g_dcgettext ()
|
|
Packit |
ae235b |
const gchar *
|
|
Packit |
ae235b |
g_dcgettext (const gchar *domain,
|
|
Packit |
ae235b |
const gchar *msgid,
|
|
Packit |
ae235b |
gint category);
|
|
Packit |
ae235b |
This is a variant of g_dgettext() that allows specifying a locale
|
|
Packit |
ae235b |
category instead of always using LC_MESSAGES. See g_dgettext() for
|
|
Packit |
ae235b |
more information about how this functions differs from calling
|
|
Packit |
ae235b |
dcgettext() directly.
|
|
Packit |
ae235b |
|
|
Packit |
ae235b |
Parameters
|
|
Packit |
ae235b |
|
|
Packit |
ae235b |
|
|
Packit |
ae235b |
|
|
Packit |
ae235b |
|
|
Packit |
ae235b |
|
|
Packit |
ae235b |
|
|
Packit |
ae235b |
|
|
Packit |
ae235b |
|
|
Packit |
ae235b |
domain
|
|
Packit |
ae235b |
the translation domain to use, or NULL to use
|
|
Packit |
ae235b |
the domain set with textdomain().
|
|
Packit |
ae235b |
[nullable]
|
|
Packit |
ae235b |
|
|
Packit |
ae235b |
|
|
Packit |
ae235b |
msgid
|
|
Packit |
ae235b |
message to translate
|
|
Packit |
ae235b |
|
|
Packit |
ae235b |
|
|
Packit |
ae235b |
|
|
Packit |
ae235b |
category
|
|
Packit |
ae235b |
a locale category
|
|
Packit |
ae235b |
|
|
Packit |
ae235b |
|
|
Packit |
ae235b |
|
|
Packit |
ae235b |
|
|
Packit |
ae235b |
|
|
Packit |
ae235b |
|
|
Packit |
ae235b |
Returns
|
|
Packit |
ae235b |
the translated string for the given locale category
|
|
Packit |
ae235b |
|
|
Packit |
ae235b |
Since: 2.26
|
|
Packit |
ae235b |
|
|
Packit |
ae235b |
|
|
Packit |
ae235b |
|
|
Packit |
ae235b |
g_dngettext ()
|
|
Packit |
ae235b |
const gchar *
|
|
Packit |
ae235b |
g_dngettext (const gchar *domain,
|
|
Packit |
ae235b |
const gchar *msgid,
|
|
Packit |
ae235b |
const gchar *msgid_plural,
|
|
Packit |
ae235b |
gulong n);
|
|
Packit |
ae235b |
This function is a wrapper of dngettext() which does not translate
|
|
Packit |
ae235b |
the message if the default domain as set with textdomain() has no
|
|
Packit |
ae235b |
translations for the current locale.
|
|
Packit |
ae235b |
See g_dgettext() for details of how this differs from dngettext()
|
|
Packit |
ae235b |
proper.
|
|
Packit |
ae235b |
|
|
Packit |
ae235b |
Parameters
|
|
Packit |
ae235b |
|
|
Packit |
ae235b |
|
|
Packit |
ae235b |
|
|
Packit |
ae235b |
|
|
Packit |
ae235b |
|
|
Packit |
ae235b |
|
|
Packit |
ae235b |
|
|
Packit |
ae235b |
|
|
Packit |
ae235b |
domain
|
|
Packit |
ae235b |
the translation domain to use, or NULL to use
|
|
Packit |
ae235b |
the domain set with textdomain().
|
|
Packit |
ae235b |
[nullable]
|
|
Packit |
ae235b |
|
|
Packit |
ae235b |
|
|
Packit |
ae235b |
msgid
|
|
Packit |
ae235b |
message to translate
|
|
Packit |
ae235b |
|
|
Packit |
ae235b |
|
|
Packit |
ae235b |
|
|
Packit |
ae235b |
msgid_plural
|
|
Packit |
ae235b |
plural form of the message
|
|
Packit |
ae235b |
|
|
Packit |
ae235b |
|
|
Packit |
ae235b |
|
|
Packit |
ae235b |
n
|
|
Packit |
ae235b |
the quantity for which translation is needed
|
|
Packit |
ae235b |
|
|
Packit |
ae235b |
|
|
Packit |
ae235b |
|
|
Packit |
ae235b |
|
|
Packit |
ae235b |
|
|
Packit |
ae235b |
|
|
Packit |
ae235b |
Returns
|
|
Packit |
ae235b |
The translated string
|
|
Packit |
ae235b |
|
|
Packit |
ae235b |
Since: 2.18
|
|
Packit |
ae235b |
|
|
Packit |
ae235b |
|
|
Packit |
ae235b |
|
|
Packit |
ae235b |
g_dpgettext ()
|
|
Packit |
ae235b |
const gchar *
|
|
Packit |
ae235b |
g_dpgettext (const gchar *domain,
|
|
Packit |
ae235b |
const gchar *msgctxtid,
|
|
Packit |
ae235b |
gsize msgidoffset);
|
|
Packit |
ae235b |
This function is a variant of g_dgettext() which supports
|
|
Packit |
ae235b |
a disambiguating message context. GNU gettext uses the
|
|
Packit |
ae235b |
'\004' character to separate the message context and
|
|
Packit |
ae235b |
message id in msgctxtid
|
|
Packit |
ae235b |
.
|
|
Packit |
ae235b |
If 0 is passed as msgidoffset
|
|
Packit |
ae235b |
, this function will fall back to
|
|
Packit |
ae235b |
trying to use the deprecated convention of using "|" as a separation
|
|
Packit |
ae235b |
character.
|
|
Packit |
ae235b |
This uses g_dgettext() internally. See that functions for differences
|
|
Packit |
ae235b |
with dgettext() proper.
|
|
Packit |
ae235b |
Applications should normally not use this function directly,
|
|
Packit |
ae235b |
but use the C_() macro for translations with context.
|
|
Packit |
ae235b |
|
|
Packit |
ae235b |
Parameters
|
|
Packit |
ae235b |
|
|
Packit |
ae235b |
|
|
Packit |
ae235b |
|
|
Packit |
ae235b |
|
|
Packit |
ae235b |
|
|
Packit |
ae235b |
|
|
Packit |
ae235b |
|
|
Packit |
ae235b |
|
|
Packit |
ae235b |
domain
|
|
Packit |
ae235b |
the translation domain to use, or NULL to use
|
|
Packit |
ae235b |
the domain set with textdomain().
|
|
Packit |
ae235b |
[nullable]
|
|
Packit |
ae235b |
|
|
Packit |
ae235b |
|
|
Packit |
ae235b |
msgctxtid
|
|
Packit |
ae235b |
a combined message context and message id, separated
|
|
Packit |
ae235b |
by a \004 character
|
|
Packit |
ae235b |
|
|
Packit |
ae235b |
|
|
Packit |
ae235b |
|
|
Packit |
ae235b |
msgidoffset
|
|
Packit |
ae235b |
the offset of the message id in msgctxid
|
|
Packit |
ae235b |
|
|
Packit |
ae235b |
|
|
Packit |
ae235b |
|
|
Packit |
ae235b |
|
|
Packit |
ae235b |
|
|
Packit |
ae235b |
|
|
Packit |
ae235b |
|
|
Packit |
ae235b |
Returns
|
|
Packit |
ae235b |
The translated string
|
|
Packit |
ae235b |
|
|
Packit |
ae235b |
Since: 2.16
|
|
Packit |
ae235b |
|
|
Packit |
ae235b |
|
|
Packit |
ae235b |
|
|
Packit |
ae235b |
g_dpgettext2 ()
|
|
Packit |
ae235b |
const gchar *
|
|
Packit |
ae235b |
g_dpgettext2 (const gchar *domain,
|
|
Packit |
ae235b |
const gchar *context,
|
|
Packit |
ae235b |
const gchar *msgid);
|
|
Packit |
ae235b |
This function is a variant of g_dgettext() which supports
|
|
Packit |
ae235b |
a disambiguating message context. GNU gettext uses the
|
|
Packit |
ae235b |
'\004' character to separate the message context and
|
|
Packit |
ae235b |
message id in msgctxtid
|
|
Packit |
ae235b |
.
|
|
Packit |
ae235b |
This uses g_dgettext() internally. See that functions for differences
|
|
Packit |
ae235b |
with dgettext() proper.
|
|
Packit |
ae235b |
This function differs from C_() in that it is not a macro and
|
|
Packit |
ae235b |
thus you may use non-string-literals as context and msgid arguments.
|
|
Packit |
ae235b |
|
|
Packit |
ae235b |
Parameters
|
|
Packit |
ae235b |
|
|
Packit |
ae235b |
|
|
Packit |
ae235b |
|
|
Packit |
ae235b |
|
|
Packit |
ae235b |
|
|
Packit |
ae235b |
|
|
Packit |
ae235b |
|
|
Packit |
ae235b |
|
|
Packit |
ae235b |
domain
|
|
Packit |
ae235b |
the translation domain to use, or NULL to use
|
|
Packit |
ae235b |
the domain set with textdomain().
|
|
Packit |
ae235b |
[nullable]
|
|
Packit |
ae235b |
|
|
Packit |
ae235b |
|
|
Packit |
ae235b |
context
|
|
Packit |
ae235b |
the message context
|
|
Packit |
ae235b |
|
|
Packit |
ae235b |
|
|
Packit |
ae235b |
|
|
Packit |
ae235b |
msgid
|
|
Packit |
ae235b |
the message
|
|
Packit |
ae235b |
|
|
Packit |
ae235b |
|
|
Packit |
ae235b |
|
|
Packit |
ae235b |
|
|
Packit |
ae235b |
|
|
Packit |
ae235b |
|
|
Packit |
ae235b |
Returns
|
|
Packit |
ae235b |
The translated string
|
|
Packit |
ae235b |
|
|
Packit |
ae235b |
Since: 2.18
|
|
Packit |
ae235b |
|
|
Packit |
ae235b |
|
|
Packit |
ae235b |
|
|
Packit |
ae235b |
g_strip_context ()
|
|
Packit |
ae235b |
const gchar *
|
|
Packit |
ae235b |
g_strip_context (const gchar *msgid,
|
|
Packit |
ae235b |
const gchar *msgval);
|
|
Packit |
ae235b |
An auxiliary function for gettext() support (see Q_()).
|
|
Packit |
ae235b |
|
|
Packit |
ae235b |
Parameters
|
|
Packit |
ae235b |
|
|
Packit |
ae235b |
|
|
Packit |
ae235b |
|
|
Packit |
ae235b |
|
|
Packit |
ae235b |
|
|
Packit |
ae235b |
|
|
Packit |
ae235b |
|
|
Packit |
ae235b |
|
|
Packit |
ae235b |
msgid
|
|
Packit |
ae235b |
a string
|
|
Packit |
ae235b |
|
|
Packit |
ae235b |
|
|
Packit |
ae235b |
|
|
Packit |
ae235b |
msgval
|
|
Packit |
ae235b |
another string
|
|
Packit |
ae235b |
|
|
Packit |
ae235b |
|
|
Packit |
ae235b |
|
|
Packit |
ae235b |
|
|
Packit |
ae235b |
|
|
Packit |
ae235b |
|
|
Packit |
ae235b |
Returns
|
|
Packit |
ae235b |
msgval
|
|
Packit |
ae235b |
, unless msgval
|
|
Packit |
ae235b |
is identical to msgid
|
|
Packit |
ae235b |
and contains a '|' character, in which case a pointer to
|
|
Packit |
ae235b |
the substring of msgid after the first '|' character is returned.
|
|
Packit |
ae235b |
|
|
Packit |
ae235b |
Since: 2.4
|
|
Packit |
ae235b |
|
|
Packit |
ae235b |
|
|
Packit |
ae235b |
|
|
Packit |
ae235b |
g_get_language_names ()
|
|
Packit |
ae235b |
const gchar * const *
|
|
Packit |
ae235b |
g_get_language_names (void);
|
|
Packit |
ae235b |
Computes a list of applicable locale names, which can be used to
|
|
Packit |
ae235b |
e.g. construct locale-dependent filenames or search paths. The returned
|
|
Packit |
ae235b |
list is sorted from most desirable to least desirable and always contains
|
|
Packit |
ae235b |
the default locale "C".
|
|
Packit |
ae235b |
For example, if LANGUAGE=de:en_US, then the returned list is
|
|
Packit |
ae235b |
"de", "en_US", "en", "C".
|
|
Packit |
ae235b |
This function consults the environment variables LANGUAGE, LC_ALL,
|
|
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LC_MESSAGES and LANG to find the list of locales specified by the
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user.
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Returns
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a NULL-terminated array of strings owned by GLib
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that must not be modified or freed.
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[array zero-terminated=1][transfer none]
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Since: 2.6
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g_get_locale_variants ()
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gchar **
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g_get_locale_variants (const gchar *locale);
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Returns a list of derived variants of locale
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, which can be used to
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e.g. construct locale-dependent filenames or search paths. The returned
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list is sorted from most desirable to least desirable.
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This function handles territory, charset and extra locale modifiers.
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For example, if locale
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is "fr_BE", then the returned list
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is "fr_BE", "fr".
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If you need the list of variants for the current locale,
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use g_get_language_names().
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Parameters
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locale
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a locale identifier
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Returns
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a newly
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allocated array of newly allocated strings with the locale variants. Free with
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g_strfreev().
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[transfer full][array zero-terminated=1][element-type utf8]
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Since: 2.28
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Types and Values
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See Also
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the gettext manual
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Generated by GTK-Doc V1.27
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</body>
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</html>
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