.\" Copyright (c) 2010 Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>

.\" based on a proposal from Stephan Mueller <smueller@atsec.com>

.\"

.\" %%%LICENSE_START(VERBATIM)

.\" Permission is granted to make and distribute verbatim copies of this

.\" manual provided the copyright notice and this permission notice are

.\" preserved on all copies.

.\"

.\" Permission is granted to copy and distribute modified versions of

.\" this manual under the conditions for verbatim copying, provided that

.\" the entire resulting derived work is distributed under the terms of

.\" a permission notice identical to this one.

.\"

.\" Since the Linux kernel and libraries are constantly changing, this

.\" manual page may be incorrect or out-of-date.  The author(s) assume

.\" no responsibility for errors or omissions, or for damages resulting

.\" from the use of the information contained herein.  The author(s) may

.\" not have taken the same level of care in the production of this

.\" manual, which is licensed free of charge, as they might when working

.\" professionally.

.\"

.\" Formatted or processed versions of this manual, if unaccompanied by

.\" the source, must acknowledge the copyright and authors of this work.

.\" %%%LICENSE_END

.\"

.\" Various pieces of text taken from the kernel source and the commentary

.\" in kernel commit fa28237cfcc5827553044cbd6ee52e33692b0faa

.\" both written by Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org>

.\"

.TH SUBPAGE_PROT 2 2017-09-15 "Linux" "Linux Programmer's Manual"

.SH NAME

subpage_prot \- define a subpage protection for an address range

.SH SYNOPSIS

.nf

.BI "long subpage_prot(unsigned long " addr ", unsigned long " len ,

.BI "                  uint32_t *" map ");

.fi

.PP

.IR Note :

There is no glibc wrapper for this system call; see NOTES.

.SH DESCRIPTION

The PowerPC-specific

.BR subpage_prot ()

system call provides the facility to control the access

permissions on individual 4\ kB subpages on systems configured with

a page size of 64\ kB.

.PP

The protection map is applied to the memory pages in the region starting at

.I addr

and continuing for

.I len

bytes.

Both of these arguments must be aligned to a 64-kB boundary.

.PP

The protection map is specified in the buffer pointed to by

.IR map .

The map has 2 bits per 4\ kB subpage;

thus each 32-bit word specifies the protections of 16 4\ kB subpages

inside a 64\ kB page

(so, the number of 32-bit words pointed to by

.I map

should equate to the number of 64-kB pages specified by

.IR len ).

Each 2-bit field in the protection map is either 0 to allow any access,

1 to prevent writes, or 2 or 3 to prevent all accesses.

.SH RETURN VALUE

On success,

.BR subpage_prot ()

returns 0.

Otherwise, one of the error codes specified below is returned.

.SH ERRORS

.TP

.B EFAULT

The buffer referred to by

.I map

is not accessible.

.TP

.B EINVAL

The

.I addr

or

.I len

arguments are incorrect.

Both of these arguments must be aligned to a multiple of the system page size,

and they must not refer to a region outside of the

address space of the process or to a region that consists of huge pages.

.TP

.B ENOMEM

Out of memory.

.SH VERSIONS

This system call is provided on the PowerPC architecture

since Linux 2.6.25.

The system call is provided only if the kernel is configured with

.BR CONFIG_PPC_64K_PAGES .

No library support is provided.

.SH CONFORMING TO

This system call is Linux-specific.

.SH NOTES

Glibc does not provide a wrapper for this system call; call it using

.BR syscall (2).

.PP

Normal page protections (at the 64-kB page level) also apply;

the subpage protection mechanism is an additional constraint,

so putting 0 in a 2-bit field won't allow writes to a page that is otherwise

write-protected.

.SS Rationale

This system call is provided to assist writing emulators that

operate using 64-kB pages on PowerPC systems.

When emulating systems such as x86, which uses a smaller page size,

the emulator can no longer use the memory-management unit (MMU)

and normal system calls for controlling page protections.

(The emulator could emulate the MMU by checking and possibly remapping

the address for each memory access in software, but that is slow.)

The idea is that the emulator supplies an array of protection masks

to apply to a specified range of virtual addresses.

These masks are applied at the level where hardware page-table entries (PTEs)

are inserted into the hardware page table based on the Linux PTEs,

so the Linux PTEs are not affected.

Implicit in this is that the regions of the address space that are

protected are switched to use 4-kB hardware pages rather than 64-kB

hardware pages (on machines with hardware 64-kB page support).

.\" In the initial implementation, it was the case that:

.\"     In fact the whole process is switched to use 4 kB hardware pages when the

.\"     subpage_prot system call is used, but this could be improved in future

.\"     to switch only the affected segments.

.\" But Paul Mackerass says (Oct 2010): I'm pretty sure we now only switch

.\" the affected segment, not the whole process.

.SH SEE ALSO

.BR mprotect (2),

.BR syscall (2)

.PP

.IR Documentation/vm/hugetlbpage.txt

in the Linux kernel source tree

.SH COLOPHON

This page is part of release 4.15 of the Linux

.I man-pages

project.

A description of the project,

information about reporting bugs,

and the latest version of this page,

can be found at

\%https://www.kernel.org/doc/man\-pages/.