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<html>
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<head>
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"HTML Tidy for Linux (vers 25 March 2009), see www.w3.org">
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<title>Help on Lynx's Environment variables</title>
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<link rev="made" href="mailto:lynx-dev@nongnu.org">
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"text/html; charset=us-ascii">
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"Describes environment variables used by Lynx. Some are specific to Lynx, others are common with similar programs.">
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</head>
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<body>
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Environment Variables
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Variables Used By Lynx
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Variables Set or Modified By
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Lynx
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Simulated CGI Support
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Native Language Support
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Proxy details and examples
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Win32 (95/NT) and 386 DOS
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Variables
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In addition to various “standard” environment variables
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such as HOME, PATH, USER, DISPLAY, TMPDIR, etc, Lynx utilizes
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several Lynx-specific environment variables, if they exist.
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Others may be created or modified by Lynx to pass data to
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an external program, or for other reasons. These are
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listed separately below.
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See also the sections on
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"#cgi">Simulated CGI Support and
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Native Language Support, below.
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Note: Not all environment variables apply to all types of
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platforms supported by Lynx, though most do. Feedback on
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platform dependencies is solicited. See also
|
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"#dos">win32/dos specific
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variables.
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COLORTERM
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If set, color capability for the terminal
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is forced on at startup time. The actual
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value assigned to the variable is ignored.
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This variable is only meaningful if Lynx
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was built using the slang screen-handling
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library.
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LYNX_CFG
|
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This variable, if set, will override
|
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the default location and name of the
|
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global configuration file (normally,
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lynx.cfg) that was defined by the
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LYNX_CFG_FILE constant in the
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userdefs.h file, during installation.
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See the userdefs.h file for more
|
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information.
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LYNX_HELPFILE
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If set, this variable overrides the
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compiled-in URL and configuration file
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URL for the Lynx help file.
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LYNX_LOCALEDIR
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If set, this variable overrides the
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compiled-in location of the locale
|
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directory which contains native lan-
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guage (NLS) message text.
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LYNX_LSS
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This variable, if set, specifies the
|
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location of the default Lynx character
|
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style sheet file. [Currently only
|
|
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meaningful if Lynx was built using
|
|
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experimental color style support.]
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|
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LYNX_SAVE_SPACE
|
|
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This variable, if set, will override
|
|
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the default path prefix for files
|
|
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saved to disk that is defined in the
|
|
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lynx.cfg SAVE_SPACE: statement. See
|
|
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the lynx.cfg file for more information.
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LYNX_TEMP_SPACE
|
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This variable, if set, will override
|
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the default path prefix for temporary
|
|
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files that was defined during installation,
|
|
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as well as any value that may
|
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be assigned to the TMPDIR variable.
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LYNX_TRACE
|
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If set, causes Lynx to write a trace
|
|
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file as if the -trace option were sup-
|
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plied.
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LYNX_TRACE_FILE
|
|
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If set, overrides the compiled-in name
|
|
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of the trace file, which is either
|
|
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Lynx.trace or LY-TRACE.LOG (the latter
|
|
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on the DOS platform). The trace file
|
|
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is in either case relative to the home
|
|
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directory.
|
|
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MAIL
|
|
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This variable specifies the default
|
|
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inbox Lynx will check for new mail, if
|
|
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such checking is enabled in the
|
|
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lynx.cfg file.
|
|
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|
|
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NEWS_ORGANIZATION
|
|
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This variable, if set, provides the
|
|
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string used in the Organization:
|
|
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header of USENET news postings. It will
|
|
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override the setting of the ORGANIZATION
|
|
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environment variable, if it is also set
|
|
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(and, on UNIX, the contents of an
|
|
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/etc/organization file, if present).
|
|
Packit |
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|
|
Packit |
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NNTPSERVER
|
|
Packit |
f574b8 |
If set, this variable specifies the
|
|
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f574b8 |
default NNTP server that will be used
|
|
Packit |
f574b8 |
for USENET news reading and posting
|
|
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with Lynx, via news: URL's.
|
|
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ORGANIZATION
|
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This variable, if set, provides the
|
|
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string used in the Organization:
|
|
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f574b8 |
header of USENET news postings. On
|
|
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UNIX, it will override the contents of
|
|
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an /etc/organization file, if present.
|
|
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|
|
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PROTOCOL_proxy
|
|
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Lynx supports the use of proxy servers
|
|
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that can act as firewall gateways and
|
|
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caching servers. They are preferable
|
|
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to the older gateway servers (see
|
|
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WWW_access_GATEWAY, below).
|
|
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Each protocol used by Lynx (http, ftp,
|
|
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gopher, etc), can be mapped separately
|
|
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by setting environment variables of
|
|
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the form PROTOCOL_proxy (literally:
|
|
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http_proxy, ftp_proxy, gopher_proxy,
|
|
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etc), to “http://some.server.dom:port/”.
|
|
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See
|
|
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"#proxy">Proxy details and examples.
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|
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WWW_access_GATEWAY
|
|
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Lynx still supports use of gateway
|
|
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servers, with the servers specified
|
|
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via “WWW_access_GATEWAY” variables
|
|
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(where “access” is lower case and can
|
|
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be “http”, “ftp”, “gopher” or “wais”),
|
|
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however most gateway servers have been
|
|
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discontinued. Note that you do not
|
|
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include a terminal “/” for gateways,
|
|
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but do for proxies specified by PROTOCOL_proxy
|
|
Packit |
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environment variables. See
|
|
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"#proxy">Proxy details.
|
|
Packit |
f574b8 |
|
|
Packit |
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WWW_HOME
|
|
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This variable, if set, will override
|
|
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f574b8 |
the default startup URL specified in
|
|
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any of the Lynx configuration files.
|
|
Packit |
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|
Packit |
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Packit |
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|
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Lynx
|
|
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|
|
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LYNX_PRINT_DATE This variable is set by the Lynx
|
|
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p(rint) function, to the “Date:” string
|
|
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seen in the document's “Information
|
|
Packit |
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about” page (= cmd), if any. It is
|
|
Packit |
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created for use by an external program,
|
|
Packit |
f574b8 |
as defined in a lynx.cfg
|
|
Packit |
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PRINTER: definition statement. If the
|
|
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field does not exist for the document,
|
|
Packit |
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the variable is set to a null string
|
|
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under UNIX, or “No Date” under VMS.
|
|
Packit |
f574b8 |
|
|
Packit |
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LYNX_PRINT_LASTMOD This variable is set by the Lynx
|
|
Packit |
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p(rint) function, to the Last Mod:
|
|
Packit |
f574b8 |
string seen in the document's “Information
|
|
Packit |
f574b8 |
about” page (= cmd), if any.
|
|
Packit |
f574b8 |
It is created for use by an external
|
|
Packit |
f574b8 |
program, as defined in a lynx.cfg
|
|
Packit |
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PRINTER: definition statement. If the
|
|
Packit |
f574b8 |
field does not exist for the document,
|
|
Packit |
f574b8 |
the variable is set to a null string
|
|
Packit |
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under UNIX, or “No LastMod” under VMS.
|
|
Packit |
f574b8 |
|
|
Packit |
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LYNX_PRINT_TITLE This variable is set by the Lynx
|
|
Packit |
f574b8 |
p(rint) function, to the Linkname:
|
|
Packit |
f574b8 |
string seen in the document's “Information
|
|
Packit |
f574b8 |
about” page (= cmd), if any.
|
|
Packit |
f574b8 |
It is created for use by an external
|
|
Packit |
f574b8 |
program, as defined in a lynx.cfg
|
|
Packit |
f574b8 |
PRINTER: definition statement. If the
|
|
Packit |
f574b8 |
field does not exist for the document,
|
|
Packit |
f574b8 |
the variable is set to a null string
|
|
Packit |
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under UNIX, or “No Title” under VMS.
|
|
Packit |
f574b8 |
|
|
Packit |
f574b8 |
LYNX_PRINT_URL This variable is set by the Lynx
|
|
Packit |
f574b8 |
p(rint) function, to the URL: string
|
|
Packit |
f574b8 |
seen in the document's “Information
|
|
Packit |
f574b8 |
about” page (= cmd), if any. It is
|
|
Packit |
f574b8 |
created for use by an external program,
|
|
Packit |
f574b8 |
as defined in a lynx.cfg
|
|
Packit |
f574b8 |
PRINTER: definition statement. If the
|
|
Packit |
f574b8 |
field does not exist for the document,
|
|
Packit |
f574b8 |
the variable is set to a null string
|
|
Packit |
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under UNIX, or “No URL” under VMS.
|
|
Packit |
f574b8 |
|
|
Packit |
f574b8 |
LYNX_VERSION This variable is always set by Lynx,
|
|
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and may be used by an external program
|
|
Packit |
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to determine if it was invoked by
|
|
Packit |
f574b8 |
Lynx. See also the comments in the
|
|
Packit |
f574b8 |
distribution's sample mailcap file,
|
|
Packit |
f574b8 |
for notes on usage in such a file.
|
|
Packit |
f574b8 |
|
|
Packit |
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SSL_CERT_DIR Set to the directory containing trusted
|
|
Packit |
f574b8 |
certificates.
|
|
Packit |
f574b8 |
|
|
Packit |
f574b8 |
SSL_CERT_FILE Set to the full path and filename for
|
|
Packit |
f574b8 |
your file of trusted certificates.
|
|
Packit |
f574b8 |
|
|
Packit |
f574b8 |
TERM Normally, this variable is used by
|
|
Packit |
f574b8 |
Lynx to determine the terminal type
|
|
Packit |
f574b8 |
being used to invoke Lynx. If, however,
|
|
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it is unset at startup time (or
|
|
Packit |
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has the value “unknown”), or if the
|
|
Packit |
f574b8 |
-term command-line option is used,
|
|
Packit |
f574b8 |
Lynx will set or modify its value
|
|
Packit |
f574b8 |
to the user specified terminal type
|
|
Packit |
f574b8 |
(for the Lynx execution environment).
|
|
Packit |
f574b8 |
Note: If set/modified by Lynx, the values of
|
|
Packit |
f574b8 |
the LINES and/or COLUMNS environment
|
|
Packit |
f574b8 |
variables may also be changed.
|
|
Packit |
f574b8 |
|
|
Packit |
f574b8 |
|
|
Packit |
f574b8 |
|
|
Packit |
f574b8 |
|
|
Packit |
f574b8 |
If built with the cgi-links option enabled,
|
|
Packit |
f574b8 |
Lynx allows access to a cgi script directly
|
|
Packit |
f574b8 |
without the need for an http daemon.
|
|
Packit |
f574b8 |
|
|
Packit |
f574b8 |
When executing such “lynxcgi scripts” (if
|
|
Packit |
f574b8 |
enabled), the following variables may be set for simulating a CGI
|
|
Packit |
f574b8 |
environment:
|
|
Packit |
f574b8 |
|
|
Packit |
f574b8 |
CONTENT_LENGTH
|
|
Packit |
f574b8 |
|
|
Packit |
f574b8 |
CONTENT_TYPE
|
|
Packit |
f574b8 |
|
|
Packit |
f574b8 |
DOCUMENT_ROOT
|
|
Packit |
f574b8 |
|
|
Packit |
f574b8 |
HTTP_ACCEPT_CHARSET
|
|
Packit |
f574b8 |
|
|
Packit |
f574b8 |
HTTP_ACCEPT_LANGUAGE
|
|
Packit |
f574b8 |
|
|
Packit |
f574b8 |
HTTP_USER_AGENT
|
|
Packit |
f574b8 |
|
|
Packit |
f574b8 |
PATH_INFO
|
|
Packit |
f574b8 |
|
|
Packit |
f574b8 |
PATH_TRANSLATED
|
|
Packit |
f574b8 |
|
|
Packit |
f574b8 |
QUERY_STRING
|
|
Packit |
f574b8 |
|
|
Packit |
f574b8 |
REMOTE_ADDR
|
|
Packit |
f574b8 |
|
|
Packit |
f574b8 |
REMOTE_HOST
|
|
Packit |
f574b8 |
|
|
Packit |
f574b8 |
REQUEST_METHOD
|
|
Packit |
f574b8 |
|
|
Packit |
f574b8 |
SERVER_SOFTWARE
|
|
Packit |
f574b8 |
|
|
Packit |
f574b8 |
|
|
Packit |
f574b8 |
Other environment variables are not inherited by the script,
|
|
Packit |
f574b8 |
unless they are provided via a LYNXCGI_ENVIRONMENT statement in
|
|
Packit |
f574b8 |
the configuration file. See the lynx.cfg file, and the (draft)
|
|
Packit |
f574b8 |
CGI 1.1 Specification
|
|
Packit |
f574b8 |
<http://Web.Golux.Com/coar/cgi/draft-coar-cgi-v11-00.txt>
|
|
Packit |
f574b8 |
for the definition and usage of these variables.
|
|
Packit |
f574b8 |
|
|
Packit |
f574b8 |
The CGI Specification, and other associated documentation,
|
|
Packit |
f574b8 |
should be consulted for general information on CGI script
|
|
Packit |
f574b8 |
programming.
|
|
Packit |
f574b8 |
|
|
Packit |
f574b8 |
|
|
Packit |
f574b8 |
Support
|
|
Packit |
f574b8 |
|
|
Packit |
f574b8 |
If configured and installed with Native Language Support,
|
|
Packit |
f574b8 |
Lynx will display status and other messages in
|
|
Packit |
f574b8 |
your local language. See the file ABOUT_NLS in the source
|
|
Packit |
f574b8 |
distribution, or at your local GNU site, for more information
|
|
Packit |
f574b8 |
about internationalization.
|
|
Packit |
f574b8 |
|
|
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The following environment variables may be used to alter
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default settings:
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LANG This variable, if set, will override
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the default message language. It is
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an ISO 639 two-letter code identifying
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the language. Language codes are NOT
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the same as the country codes given in
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ISO 3166.
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LANGUAGE This variable, if set, will override
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the default message language. This is a
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GNU extension that has higher priority for
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setting the message catalog than LANG or
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LC_ALL.
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LC_ALL and
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LC_MESSAGES These variables, if set, specify the
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notion of native language formatting
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style. They are POSIXly correct.
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LINGUAS This variable, if set prior to configuration,
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limits the installed languages to specific values.
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It is a space-separated list of two-letter codes.
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Currently, it is hard-coded to a wish list.
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NLSPATH This variable, if set, is used as the
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path prefix for message catalogs.
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examples
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To set your site's NTTP server as the default host for news
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reading and posting via Lynx, set the
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environment variable NNTPSERVER so that it points to its Internet
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address. The variable “NNTPSERVER” is used to specify
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the host which will be used as the default for news URLs.
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UNIX
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setenv NNTPSERVER "news.server.dom"
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VMS
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define/system NNTPSERVER "news.server.dom"
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Lynx still supports use of gateway servers,
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with the servers specified via the variables
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“WWW_access_GATEWAY”, where “access” is
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lower case and can be “http”, “ftp”,
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“gopher” or “wais”. Most of the gateway
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servers have been discontinued, but
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“http://www.w3.org:8001” is available for wais
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searches (note that you do not include a terminal “/”
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for gateways, but do for proxies; see below).
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Lynx version 2.2 and beyond supports the use
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of proxy servers that can act as firewall gateways and caching
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servers. They are preferable to the older gateway servers. Each
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protocol used by Lynx can be mapped separately
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using PROTOCOL_proxy environment variables as shown
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below:
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UNIX
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setenv http_proxy "http://some.server.dom:port/"
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setenv https_proxy "http://some.server.dom:port/"
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setenv ftp_proxy "http://some.server.dom:port/"
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setenv gopher_proxy "http://some.server.dom:port/"
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setenv news_proxy "http://some.server.dom:port/"
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setenv newspost_proxy "http://some.server.dom:port/"
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setenv newsreply_proxy "http://some.server.dom:port/"
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setenv snews_proxy "http://some.server.dom:port/"
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setenv snewspost_proxy "http://some.server.dom:port/"
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setenv snewsreply_proxy "http://some.server.dom:port/"
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setenv nntp_proxy "http://some.server.dom:port/"
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setenv wais_proxy "http://some.server.dom:port/"
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setenv finger_proxy "http://some.server.dom:port/"
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setenv cso_proxy "http://some.server.dom:port/"
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VMS
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define "http_proxy" "http://some.server.dom:port/"
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define "https_proxy" "http://some.server.dom:port/"
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define "ftp_proxy" "http://some.server.dom:port/"
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define "gopher_proxy" "http://some.server.dom:port/"
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define "news_proxy" "http://some.server.dom:port/"
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define "newspost_proxy" "http://some.server.dom:port/"
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define "newsreply_proxy" "http://some.server.dom:port/"
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define "snews_proxy" "http://some.server.dom:port/"
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define "snewspost_proxy" "http://some.server.dom:port/"
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define "snewsreply_proxy" "http://some.server.dom:port/"
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define "nntp_proxy" "http://some.server.dom:port/"
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define "wais_proxy" "http://some.server.dom:port/"
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define "finger_proxy" "http://some.server.dom:port/"
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define "cso_proxy" "http://some.server.dom:port/"
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(Encase *BOTH* strings in double-quotes to maintain lower
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case for the PROTOCOL_proxy variable and for the
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http access type; include /system if you want proxying for
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all clients on your system.)
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If you wish to override the use of a proxy server for specific
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hosts or entire domains you may use the “no_proxy”
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environment variable. The no_proxy variable can be a
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comma-separated list of strings defining no-proxy zones in the
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DNS domain name space. If a tail substring of the domain-path for
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a host matches one of these strings, transactions with that node
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will not be proxied. Here is an example use of
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“no_proxy”:
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UNIX
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setenv no_proxy "host.domain.dom, domain1.dom, domain2"
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VMS
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define "no_proxy" "host.domain.dom, domain1.dom, domain2"
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You can include a port number in the no_proxy list to override
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use of a proxy server for the host accessed via that port, but
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not via other ports. For example, if you use
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“host.domain.dom:119” and/or
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“host.domain.dom:210”, then news (port 119) URLs
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and/or any wais (port 210) searches on that host would be
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excluded, but http, ftp, and gopher services (if normally
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proxied) would still be included, as would any news or wais
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services on other hosts.
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Warning: Note that setting “il” as an entry in
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this list will block proxying for the .mil domain as well as the
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.il domain. If the entry is “.il” this will not
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happen.
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If you wish to override the use of a proxy server completely
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(i.e., globally override any existing proxy variables), set the
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value of “no_proxy” to “*”. This is the
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only allowed use of * in no_proxy.
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Note that Lynx treats file URLs on the local
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host as requests for direct access to the file, and does not
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attempt ftp if that fails. It treats both ftp URLs and file URLs
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on remote hosts as ftp URLs, and does not attempt direct file
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access for either. If ftp URLs are being proxied, file URLs on a
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remote host will be converted to ftp URLs before submission by
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Lynx to the proxy server, so no special
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procedure for inducing the proxy server to handle them is
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required. Other WWW clients may require that the http server's
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configuration file have “Map file:* ftp:*” in it to
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perform that conversion.
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If you have not set NNTPSERVER, proxy or no_proxy environment
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variables you can set them at run time via the configuration file
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lynx.cfg (this will not override external settings).
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(adapted from “readme.txt” by Wayne Buttles
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and “readme.dos” by Doug Kaufman)
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Here are some environment variables that should be set,
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usually in a batch file that runs the Lynx
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executable. Make sure that you have enough room left in your
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environment. You may need to change your “SHELL=”
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setting in config.sys. In addition, Lynx looks
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for a “SHELL” environment variable when shelling to
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DOS. If you wish to preserve the environment space when shelling,
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put a line like this in your AUTOEXEC.BAT file also “SET
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SHELL=C:\COMMAND.COM /E:2048”. It should match
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CONFIG.SYS.
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HOME Where to keep the bookmark file and personal config files.
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TEMP or TMP Bookmarks are kept here with no HOME. Temp files here.
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USER Set to your login name
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LYNX_CFG Set to the full path and filename for lynx.cfg
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386 version only:
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WATTCP.CFG Set to the full path for the WATTCP.CFG directory
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(Depending on how you compiled libtcp.a, you may have to use
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WATCONF.)
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Define these in your batch file for running
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Lynx. For example, if your application line is
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“D:\win32\lynx.bat”, lynx.bat for Win32 may look
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like:
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@ECHO OFF
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set home=d:\win32
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set temp=d:\tmp
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set lynx_cfg=d:\win32\lynx.cfg
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d:\win32\lynx.exe %1 %2 %3 %4 %5
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In lynx_386, a typical batch file might look like:
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@echo off
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set HOME=f:/lynx2-8
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set USER=your_login_name
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set LYNX_CFG=%HOME%/lynx.cfg
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set WATTCP.CFG=%HOME%
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f:\lynx2-8\lynx %1 %2 %3 %4 %5 %6 %7 %8 %9
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You will also need to make sure that the WATTCP.CFG file has
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the correct information for IP number, Gateway, Netmask, and
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Domain Name Server. This can also be automated in the batch
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file.
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</body>
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</html>
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