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</style><title>Catalog support</title></head><body bgcolor="#8b7765" text="#000000" link="#a06060" vlink="#000000"> |    | The XML C parser and toolkit of GnomeCatalog support |
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| <center>Main Menu</center> | | <form action="search.php" enctype="application/x-www-form-urlencoded" method="get"><input name="query" type="text" size="20" value="" /><input name="submit" type="submit" value="Search ..." /></form> |
| <center>Related links</center> | |
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General overview
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The definition
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Using catalogs
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Some examples
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How to tune catalog usage
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How to debug catalog processing
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How to create and maintain catalogs
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The implementor corner quick review of the
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API
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Other resources
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What is a catalog? Basically it's a lookup mechanism used when an entity
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(a file or a remote resource) references another entity. The catalog lookup
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is inserted between the moment the reference is recognized by the software
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(XML parser, stylesheet processing, or even images referenced for inclusion
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in a rendering) and the time where loading that resource is actually
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started.It is basically used for 3 things:
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mapping from "logical" names, the public identifiers and a more
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concrete name usable for download (and URI). For example it can associate
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the logical name
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"-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.1.2//EN"
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of the DocBook 4.1.2 XML DTD with the actual URL where it can be
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downloaded
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http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.1.2/docbookx.dtd
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remapping from a given URL to another one, like an HTTP indirection
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saying that
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"http://www.oasis-open.org/committes/tr.xsl"
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should really be looked at
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"http://www.oasis-open.org/committes/entity/stylesheets/base/tr.xsl"
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providing a local cache mechanism allowing to load the entities
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associated to public identifiers or remote resources, this is a really
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important feature for any significant deployment of XML or SGML since it
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allows to avoid the aleas and delays associated to fetching remote
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resources.
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Libxml, as of 2.4.3 implements 2 kind of catalogs:
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the older SGML catalogs, the official spec is SGML Open Technical
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Resolution TR9401:1997, but is better understood by reading the SP Catalog page from
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James Clark. This is relatively old and not the preferred mode of
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operation of libxml.
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XML
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Catalogs is far more flexible, more recent, uses an XML syntax and
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should scale quite better. This is the default option of libxml.
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In a normal environment libxml2 will by default check the presence of a
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catalog in /etc/xml/catalog, and assuming it has been correctly populated,
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the processing is completely transparent to the document user. To take a
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concrete example, suppose you are authoring a DocBook document, this one
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starts with the following DOCTYPE definition:<?xml version='1.0'?>
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<!DOCTYPE book PUBLIC "-//Norman Walsh//DTD DocBk XML V3.1.4//EN"
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"http://nwalsh.com/docbook/xml/3.1.4/db3xml.dtd">When validating the document with libxml, the catalog will be
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automatically consulted to lookup the public identifier "-//Norman Walsh//DTD
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DocBk XML V3.1.4//EN" and the system identifier
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"http://nwalsh.com/docbook/xml/3.1.4/db3xml.dtd", and if these entities have
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been installed on your system and the catalogs actually point to them, libxml
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will fetch them from the local disk.Note: Really don't use this
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DOCTYPE example it's a really old version, but is fine as an example.Libxml2 will check the catalog each time that it is requested to load an
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entity, this includes DTD, external parsed entities, stylesheets, etc ... If
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your system is correctly configured all the authoring phase and processing
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should use only local files, even if your document stays portable because it
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uses the canonical public and system ID, referencing the remote document.Here is a couple of fragments from XML Catalogs used in libxml2 early
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regression tests in test/catalogs :<?xml version="1.0"?>
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<!DOCTYPE catalog PUBLIC
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"-//OASIS//DTD Entity Resolution XML Catalog V1.0//EN"
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"http://www.oasis-open.org/committees/entity/release/1.0/catalog.dtd">
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<catalog xmlns="urn:oasis:names:tc:entity:xmlns:xml:catalog">
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<public publicId="-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.1.2//EN"
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uri="http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.1.2/docbookx.dtd"/>
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...This is the beginning of a catalog for DocBook 4.1.2, XML Catalogs are
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written in XML, there is a specific namespace for catalog elements
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"urn:oasis:names:tc:entity:xmlns:xml:catalog". The first entry in this
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catalog is a public mapping it allows to associate a Public
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Identifier with an URI....
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<rewriteSystem systemIdStartString="http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/"
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rewritePrefix="file:///usr/share/xml/docbook/"/>
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...A rewriteSystem is a very powerful instruction, it says that
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any URI starting with a given prefix should be looked at another URI
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constructed by replacing the prefix with an new one. In effect this acts like
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a cache system for a full area of the Web. In practice it is extremely useful
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with a file prefix if you have installed a copy of those resources on your
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local system....
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<delegatePublic publicIdStartString="-//OASIS//DTD XML Catalog //"
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catalog="file:///usr/share/xml/docbook.xml"/>
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<delegatePublic publicIdStartString="-//OASIS//ENTITIES DocBook XML"
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catalog="file:///usr/share/xml/docbook.xml"/>
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<delegatePublic publicIdStartString="-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML"
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catalog="file:///usr/share/xml/docbook.xml"/>
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<delegateSystem systemIdStartString="http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/"
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catalog="file:///usr/share/xml/docbook.xml"/>
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<delegateURI uriStartString="http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/"
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catalog="file:///usr/share/xml/docbook.xml"/>
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...Delegation is the core features which allows to build a tree of catalogs,
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easier to maintain than a single catalog, based on Public Identifier, System
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Identifier or URI prefixes it instructs the catalog software to look up
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entries in another resource. This feature allow to build hierarchies of
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catalogs, the set of entries presented should be sufficient to redirect the
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resolution of all DocBook references to the specific catalog in
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/usr/share/xml/docbook.xml this one in turn could delegate all
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references for DocBook 4.2.1 to a specific catalog installed at the same time
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as the DocBook resources on the local machine.The user can change the default catalog behaviour by redirecting queries
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to its own set of catalogs, this can be done by setting the
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XML_CATALOG_FILES environment variable to a list of catalogs, an
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empty one should deactivate loading the default /etc/xml/catalog
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default catalogSetting up the XML_DEBUG_CATALOG environment variable will
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make libxml2 output debugging information for each catalog operations, for
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example:orchis:~/XML -> xmllint --memory --noout test/ent2
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warning: failed to load external entity "title.xml"
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orchis:~/XML -> export XML_DEBUG_CATALOG=
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orchis:~/XML -> xmllint --memory --noout test/ent2
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Failed to parse catalog /etc/xml/catalog
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Failed to parse catalog /etc/xml/catalog
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warning: failed to load external entity "title.xml"
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Catalogs cleanup
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orchis:~/XML -> The test/ent2 references an entity, running the parser from memory makes
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the base URI unavailable and the the "title.xml" entity cannot be loaded.
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Setting up the debug environment variable allows to detect that an attempt is
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made to load the /etc/xml/catalog but since it's not present the
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resolution fails.But the most advanced way to debug XML catalog processing is to use the
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xmlcatalog command shipped with libxml2, it allows to load
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catalogs and make resolution queries to see what is going on. This is also
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used for the regression tests:orchis:~/XML -> ./xmlcatalog test/catalogs/docbook.xml \
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"-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.1.2//EN"
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http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.1.2/docbookx.dtd
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orchis:~/XML -> For debugging what is going on, adding one -v flags increase the verbosity
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level to indicate the processing done (adding a second flag also indicate
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what elements are recognized at parsing):orchis:~/XML -> ./xmlcatalog -v test/catalogs/docbook.xml \
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"-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.1.2//EN"
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Parsing catalog test/catalogs/docbook.xml's content
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Found public match -//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.1.2//EN
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http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.1.2/docbookx.dtd
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Catalogs cleanup
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orchis:~/XML -> A shell interface is also available to debug and process multiple queries
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(and for regression tests):orchis:~/XML -> ./xmlcatalog -shell test/catalogs/docbook.xml \
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"-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.1.2//EN"
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> help
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Commands available:
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public PublicID: make a PUBLIC identifier lookup
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system SystemID: make a SYSTEM identifier lookup
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resolve PublicID SystemID: do a full resolver lookup
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add 'type' 'orig' 'replace' : add an entry
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del 'values' : remove values
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dump: print the current catalog state
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debug: increase the verbosity level
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quiet: decrease the verbosity level
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exit: quit the shell
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> public "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.1.2//EN"
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http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.1.2/docbookx.dtd
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> quit
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orchis:~/XML -> This should be sufficient for most debugging purpose, this was actually
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used heavily to debug the XML Catalog implementation itself.Basically XML Catalogs are XML files, you can either use XML tools to
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manage them or use xmlcatalog for this. The basic step is
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to create a catalog the -create option provide this facility:orchis:~/XML -> ./xmlcatalog --create tst.xml
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<?xml version="1.0"?>
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<!DOCTYPE catalog PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD Entity Resolution XML Catalog V1.0//EN"
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"http://www.oasis-open.org/committees/entity/release/1.0/catalog.dtd">
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<catalog xmlns="urn:oasis:names:tc:entity:xmlns:xml:catalog"/>
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orchis:~/XML -> By default xmlcatalog does not overwrite the original catalog and save the
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result on the standard output, this can be overridden using the -noout
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option. The -add command allows to add entries in the
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catalog:orchis:~/XML -> ./xmlcatalog --noout --create --add "public" \
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"-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.1.2//EN" \
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http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.1.2/docbookx.dtd tst.xml
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orchis:~/XML -> cat tst.xml
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<?xml version="1.0"?>
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<!DOCTYPE catalog PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD Entity Resolution XML Catalog V1.0//EN" \
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"http://www.oasis-open.org/committees/entity/release/1.0/catalog.dtd">
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<catalog xmlns="urn:oasis:names:tc:entity:xmlns:xml:catalog">
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<public publicId="-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.1.2//EN"
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uri="http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.1.2/docbookx.dtd"/>
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</catalog>
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orchis:~/XML -> The -add option will always take 3 parameters even if some of
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the XML Catalog constructs (like nextCatalog) will have only a single
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argument, just pass a third empty string, it will be ignored.Similarly the -del option remove matching entries from the
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catalog:orchis:~/XML -> ./xmlcatalog --del \
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"http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.1.2/docbookx.dtd" tst.xml
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<?xml version="1.0"?>
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<!DOCTYPE catalog PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD Entity Resolution XML Catalog V1.0//EN"
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"http://www.oasis-open.org/committees/entity/release/1.0/catalog.dtd">
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<catalog xmlns="urn:oasis:names:tc:entity:xmlns:xml:catalog"/>
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orchis:~/XML -> The catalog is now empty. Note that the matching of -del is
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exact and would have worked in a similar fashion with the Public ID
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string.This is rudimentary but should be sufficient to manage a not too complex
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catalog tree of resources.
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API:First, and like for every other module of libxml, there is an
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automatically generated API page for
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catalog support.The header for the catalog interfaces should be included as: #include <libxml/catalog.h> The API is voluntarily kept very simple. First it is not obvious that
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applications really need access to it since it is the default behaviour of
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libxml2 (Note: it is possible to completely override libxml2 default catalog
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by using xmlSetExternalEntityLoader to
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plug an application specific resolver).Basically libxml2 support 2 catalog lists:
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the default one, global shared by all the application
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a per-document catalog, this one is built if the document uses the
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oasis-xml-catalog PIs to specify its own catalog list, it is
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associated to the parser context and destroyed when the parsing context
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is destroyed.
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the document one will be used first if it exists. Initialization routines:xmlInitializeCatalog(), xmlLoadCatalog() and xmlLoadCatalogs() should be
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used at startup to initialize the catalog, if the catalog should be
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initialized with specific values xmlLoadCatalog() or xmlLoadCatalogs()
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should be called before xmlInitializeCatalog() which would otherwise do a
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default initialization first.The xmlCatalogAddLocal() call is used by the parser to grow the document
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own catalog list if needed.Preferences setup:The XML Catalog spec requires the possibility to select default
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preferences between public and system delegation,
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xmlCatalogSetDefaultPrefer() allows this, xmlCatalogSetDefaults() and
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xmlCatalogGetDefaults() allow to control if XML Catalogs resolution should
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be forbidden, allowed for global catalog, for document catalog or both, the
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default is to allow both.And of course xmlCatalogSetDebug() allows to generate debug messages
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(through the xmlGenericError() mechanism).Querying routines:xmlCatalogResolve(), xmlCatalogResolveSystem(), xmlCatalogResolvePublic()
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and xmlCatalogResolveURI() are relatively explicit if you read the XML
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Catalog specification they correspond to section 7 algorithms, they should
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also work if you have loaded an SGML catalog with a simplified semantic.xmlCatalogLocalResolve() and xmlCatalogLocalResolveURI() are the same but
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operate on the document catalog listCleanup and Miscellaneous:xmlCatalogCleanup() free-up the global catalog, xmlCatalogFreeLocal() is
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the per-document equivalent.xmlCatalogAdd() and xmlCatalogRemove() are used to dynamically modify the
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first catalog in the global list, and xmlCatalogDump() allows to dump a
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catalog state, those routines are primarily designed for xmlcatalog, I'm not
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sure that exposing more complex interfaces (like navigation ones) would be
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really useful.The xmlParseCatalogFile() is a function used to load XML Catalog files,
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it's similar as xmlParseFile() except it bypass all catalog lookups, it's
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provided because this functionality may be useful for client tools.threaded environments:Since the catalog tree is built progressively, some care has been taken to
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try to avoid troubles in multithreaded environments. The code is now thread
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safe assuming that the libxml2 library has been compiled with threads
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support.The XML Catalog specification is relatively recent so there isn't much
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literature to point at:
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You can find a good rant from Norm Walsh about the
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need for catalogs, it provides a lot of context information even if
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I don't agree with everything presented. Norm also wrote a more recent
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article XML
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entities and URI resolvers describing them.
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An old XML
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catalog proposal from John Cowan
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The Resource Directory Description
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Language (RDDL) another catalog system but more oriented toward
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providing metadata for XML namespaces.
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the page from the OASIS Technical Committee on Entity
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Resolution who maintains XML Catalog, you will find pointers to the
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specification update, some background and pointers to others tools
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providing XML Catalog support
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There is a shell script to generate
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XML Catalogs for DocBook 4.1.2 . If it can write to the /etc/xml/
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directory, it will set-up /etc/xml/catalog and /etc/xml/docbook based on
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the resources found on the system. Otherwise it will just create
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~/xmlcatalog and ~/dbkxmlcatalog and doing:
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export XML_CATALOG_FILES=$HOME/xmlcatalog
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should allow to process DocBook documentations without requiring
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network accesses for the DTD or stylesheets
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I have uploaded a
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small tarball containing XML Catalogs for DocBook 4.1.2 which seems
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to work fine for me too
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The xmlcatalog
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manual page
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If you have suggestions for corrections or additions, simply contact
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me:Daniel Veillard </body></html>
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