#!/usr/libexec/platform-python

# Copyright 2014 The Chromium Authors. All rights reserved.

# Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style license that can be

# found in the LICENSE.chromium file.

"""

A Deterministic acyclic finite state automaton (DAFSA) is a compact

representation of an unordered word list (dictionary).

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deterministic_acyclic_finite_state_automaton

This python program converts a list of strings to a byte array in C++.

This python program fetches strings and return values from a gperf file

and generates a C++ file with a byte array representing graph that can be

used as a memory efficient replacement for the perfect hash table.

The input strings must consist of printable 7-bit ASCII characters or UTF-8

multibyte sequences. Control characters in the range [0x00-0x1F] are not

allowed. The return values must be one digit integers. .

In this program a DAFSA is a diamond shaped graph starting at a common

source node and ending at a common sink node. All internal nodes contain

a label and each word is represented by the labels in one path from

the source node to the sink node.

The following python represention is used for nodes:

  Source node: [ children ]

  Internal node: (label, [ children ])

  Sink node: None

The graph is first compressed by prefixes like a trie. In the next step

suffixes are compressed so that the graph gets diamond shaped. Finally

one to one linked nodes are replaced by nodes with the labels joined.

The order of the operations is crucial since lookups will be performed

starting from the source with no backtracking. Thus a node must have at

most one child with a label starting by the same character. The output

is also arranged so that all jumps are to increasing addresses, thus forward

in memory.

The generated output has suffix free decoding so that the sign of leading

bits in a link (a reference to a child node) indicate if it has a size of one,

two or three bytes and if it is the last outgoing link from the actual node.

A node label is terminated by a byte with the leading bit set.

The generated byte array can described by the following BNF:

<byte> ::= < 8-bit value in range [0x00-0xFF] >

<char> ::= < byte in range [0x1F-0x7F] >

<end_char> ::= < char + 0x80, byte in range [0x9F-0xFF] >

<return value> ::= < value + 0x80, byte in range [0x80-0x8F] >

<offset1> ::= < byte in range [0x00-0x3F] >

<offset2> ::= < byte in range [0x40-0x5F] >

<offset3> ::= < byte in range [0x60-0x7F] >

<end_offset1> ::= < byte in range [0x80-0xBF] >

<end_offset2> ::= < byte in range [0xC0-0xDF] >

<end_offset3> ::= < byte in range [0xE0-0xFF] >

<prefix> ::= <char>

<label> ::= <end_char>

          | <char> <label>

<end_label> ::= <return_value>

          | <char> <end_label>

<offset> ::= <offset1>

           | <offset2> <byte>

           | <offset3> <byte> <byte>

<end_offset> ::= <end_offset1>

               | <end_offset2> <byte>

               | <end_offset3> <byte> <byte>

<offsets> ::= <end_offset>

            | <offset> <offsets>

<source> ::= <offsets>

<node> ::= <label> <offsets>

         | <prefix> <node>

         | <end_label>

<graph> ::= <graph>

          | <graph> <node>

<version> ::= <empty>            # The DAFSA was generated in ASCII mode.

          | < byte value 0x01 >  # The DAFSA was generated in UTF-8 mode.

<dafsa> ::= <graph> <version>

Decoding:

<char> -> character

<end_char> & 0x7F -> character

<return value> & 0x0F -> integer

<offset1 & 0x3F> -> integer

((<offset2> & 0x1F>) << 8) + <byte> -> integer

((<offset3> & 0x1F>) << 16) + (<byte> << 8) + <byte> -> integer

end_offset1, end_offset2 and and_offset3 are decoded same as offset1,

offset2 and offset3 respectively.

The first offset in a list of offsets is the distance in bytes between the

offset itself and the first child node. Subsequent offsets are the distance

between previous child node and next child node. Thus each offset links a node

to a child node. The distance is always counted between start addresses, i.e.

first byte in decoded offset or first byte in child node.

Transcoding of UTF-8 multibyte sequences:

The original DAFSA format was limited to 7-bit printable ASCII characters in

range [0x20-0xFF], but has been extended to allow UTF-8 multibyte sequences.

By transcoding of such characters the new format preserves compatibility with

old parsers, so that a DAFSA in the extended format can be used by an old

parser without false positives, although strings containing transcoded

characters will never match. Since the format is extended rather than being

changed, a parser supporting the new format will automatically support data

generated in the old format.

Transcoding is performed by insertion of a start byte with the special value

0x1F, followed by 2-4 bytes shifted into the range [0x40-0x7F], thus inside

the range of printable ASCII.

2-byte: 110nnnnn, 10nnnnnn -> 00011111, 010nnnnn, 01nnnnnn

3-byte: 1110nnnn, 10nnnnnn, 10nnnnnn -> 00011111, 0110nnnn, 01nnnnnn, 01nnnnnn

4-byte: 11110nnn, 10nnnnnn, 10nnnnnn, 10nnnnnn ->

                00011111, 01110nnn, 01nnnnnn, 01nnnnnn, 01nnnnnn

Example 1:

%%

aa, 1

a, 2

%%

The input is first parsed to a list of words:

["aa1", "a2"]

A fully expanded graph is created from the words:

source = [node1, node4]

node1 = ("a", [node2])

node2 = ("a", [node3])

node3 = ("\x01", [sink])

node4 = ("a", [node5])

node5 = ("\x02", [sink])

sink = None

Compression results in the following graph:

source = [node1]

node1 = ("a", [node2, node3])

node2 = ("\x02", [sink])

node3 = ("a\x01", [sink])

sink = None

A C++ representation of the compressed graph is generated:

const unsigned char dafsa[7] = {

  0x81, 0xE1, 0x02, 0x81, 0x82, 0x61, 0x81,

};

The bytes in the generated array has the following meaning:

 0: 0x81 <end_offset1>  child at position 0 + (0x81 & 0x3F) -> jump to 1

 1: 0xE1 <end_char>     label character (0xE1 & 0x7F) -> match "a"

 2: 0x02 <offset1>      child at position 2 + (0x02 & 0x3F) -> jump to 4

 3: 0x81 <end_offset1>  child at position 4 + (0x81 & 0x3F) -> jump to 5

 4: 0x82 <return_value> 0x82 & 0x0F -> return 2

 5: 0x61 <char>         label character 0x61 -> match "a"

 6: 0x81 <return_value> 0x81 & 0x0F -> return 1

Example 2:

%%

aa, 1

bbb, 2

baa, 1

%%

The input is first parsed to a list of words:

["aa1", "bbb2", "baa1"]

Compression results in the following graph:

source = [node1, node2]

node1 = ("b", [node2, node3])

node2 = ("aa\x01", [sink])

node3 = ("bb\x02", [sink])

sink = None

A C++ representation of the compressed graph is generated:

const unsigned char dafsa[11] = {

  0x02, 0x83, 0xE2, 0x02, 0x83, 0x61, 0x61, 0x81, 0x62, 0x62, 0x82,

};

The bytes in the generated array has the following meaning:

 0: 0x02 <offset1>      child at position 0 + (0x02 & 0x3F) -> jump to 2

 1: 0x83 <end_offset1>  child at position 2 + (0x83 & 0x3F) -> jump to 5

 2: 0xE2 <end_char>     label character (0xE2 & 0x7F) -> match "b"

 3: 0x02 <offset1>      child at position 3 + (0x02 & 0x3F) -> jump to 5

 4: 0x83 <end_offset1>  child at position 5 + (0x83 & 0x3F) -> jump to 8

 5: 0x61 <char>         label character 0x61 -> match "a"

 6: 0x61 <char>         label character 0x61 -> match "a"

 7: 0x81 <return_value> 0x81 & 0x0F -> return 1

 8: 0x62 <char>         label character 0x62 -> match "b"

 9: 0x62 <char>         label character 0x62 -> match "b"

10: 0x82 <return_value> 0x82 & 0x0F -> return 2

"""

import sys

import os.path

import time

import hashlib

class InputError(Exception):

  """Exception raised for errors in the input file."""

# Length of a character starting at a given byte.

char_length_table = ( 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,  # 0x00-0x0F

                      0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,  # 0x10-0x1F

                      1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1,  # 0x20-0x2F

                      1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1,  # 0x30-x03F

                      1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1,  # 0x40-0x4F

                      1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1,  # 0x50-x05F

                      1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1,  # 0x60-0x6F

                      1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1,  # 0x70-x07F

                      0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,  # 0x80-0x8F

                      0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,  # 0x90-0x9F

                      0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,  # 0xA0-0xAF

                      0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,  # 0xB0-0xBF

                      2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2,  # 0xC0-0xCF

                      2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2,  # 0xD0-0xDF

                      3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3,  # 0xE0-0xEF

                      4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ) # 0xF0-0xFF

def to_bytes(n):

  """Converts an integer value to a bytes object."""

  return bytes(bytearray((n,)))

def to_dafsa(words, utf_mode):

  """Generates a DAFSA from a word list and returns the source node.

  Each word is split into characters so that each character is represented by

  a unique node. It is assumed the word list is not empty.

  """

  if not words:

    raise InputError('The domain list must not be empty')

  def to_nodes(word, multibyte_length):

    """Split words into characters"""

    byte = ord(word[:1])

    if multibyte_length:

      # Consume next byte in multibyte sequence.

      if byte & 0xC0 != 0x80:

        raise InputError('Invalid UTF-8 multibyte sequence')

      return to_bytes(byte ^ 0xC0), [to_nodes(word[1:], multibyte_length - 1)]

    char_length = char_length_table[byte]

    if char_length == 1:

      # 7-bit printable ASCII.

      if len(word) == 1:

        return to_bytes(int(word[:1], 16) & 0x0F), [None]

      return word[:1], [to_nodes(word[1:], 0)]

    elif char_length > 1:

      # Leading byte in multibyte sequence.

      if not utf_mode:

        raise InputError('UTF-8 encoded characters are not allowed in ASCII mode')

      if len(word) <= char_length:

        raise InputError('Unterminated UTF-8 multibyte sequence')

      return to_bytes(0x1F), [(to_bytes(byte ^ 0x80), [to_nodes(word[1:], char_length - 1)])]

    # Unexpected character.

    raise InputError('Domain names must be printable ASCII or UTF-8')

  return [to_nodes(word, 0) for word in words]

def to_words(node):

  """Generates a word list from all paths starting from an internal node."""

  if not node:

    return [b'']

  return [(node[0] + word) for child in node[1] for word in to_words(child)]

def reverse(dafsa):

  """Generates a new DAFSA that is reversed, so that the old sink node becomes

  the new source node.

  """

  sink = []

  nodemap = {}

  def dfs(node, parent):

    """Creates reverse nodes.

    A new reverse node will be created for each old node. The new node will

    get a reversed label and the parents of the old node as children.

    """

    if not node:

      sink.append(parent)

    elif id(node) not in nodemap:

      nodemap[id(node)] = (node[0][::-1], [parent])

      for child in node[1]:

        dfs(child, nodemap[id(node)])

    else:

      nodemap[id(node)][1].append(parent)

  for node in dafsa:

    dfs(node, None)

  return sink

def join_labels(dafsa):

  """Generates a new DAFSA where internal nodes are merged if there is a one to

  one connection.

  """

  parentcount = {id(None): 2}

  nodemap = {id(None): None}

  def count_parents(node):

    """Count incoming references"""

    if id(node) in parentcount:

      parentcount[id(node)] += 1

    else:

      parentcount[id(node)] = 1

      for child in node[1]:

        count_parents(child)

  def join(node):

    """Create new nodes"""

    if id(node) not in nodemap:

      children = [join(child) for child in node[1]]

      if len(children) == 1 and parentcount[id(node[1][0])] == 1:

        child = children[0]

        nodemap[id(node)] = (node[0] + child[0], child[1])

      else:

        nodemap[id(node)] = (node[0], children)

    return nodemap[id(node)]

  for node in dafsa:

    count_parents(node)

  return [join(node) for node in dafsa]

def join_suffixes(dafsa):

  """Generates a new DAFSA where nodes that represent the same word lists

  towards the sink are merged.

  """

  nodemap = {frozenset((b'',)): None}

  def join(node):

    """Returns a macthing node. A new node is created if no matching node

    exists. The graph is accessed in dfs order.

    """

    suffixes = frozenset(to_words(node))

    if suffixes not in nodemap:

      nodemap[suffixes] = (node[0], [join(child) for child in node[1]])

    return nodemap[suffixes]

  return [join(node) for node in dafsa]

def top_sort(dafsa):

  """Generates list of nodes in topological sort order."""

  incoming = {}

  def count_incoming(node):

    """Counts incoming references."""

    if node:

      if id(node) not in incoming:

        incoming[id(node)] = 1

        for child in node[1]:

          count_incoming(child)

      else:

        incoming[id(node)] += 1

  for node in dafsa:

    count_incoming(node)

  for node in dafsa:

    incoming[id(node)] -= 1

  waiting = [node for node in dafsa if incoming[id(node)] == 0]

  nodes = []

  while waiting:

    node = waiting.pop()

    assert incoming[id(node)] == 0

    nodes.append(node)

    for child in node[1]:

      if child:

        incoming[id(child)] -= 1

        if incoming[id(child)] == 0:

          waiting.append(child)

  return nodes

def encode_links(children, offsets, current):

  """Encodes a list of children as one, two or three byte offsets."""

  if not children[0]:

    # This is an <end_label> node and no links follow such nodes

    assert len(children) == 1

    return []

  guess = 3 * len(children)

  assert children

  children = sorted(children, key=lambda x: -offsets[id(x)])

  while True:

    offset = current + guess

    buf = []

    for child in children:

      last = len(buf)

      distance = offset - offsets[id(child)]

      assert distance > 0 and distance < (1 << 21)

      if distance < (1 << 6):

        # A 6-bit offset: "s0xxxxxx"

        buf.append(distance)

      elif distance < (1 << 13):

        # A 13-bit offset: "s10xxxxxxxxxxxxx"

        buf.append(0x40 | (distance >> 8))

        buf.append(distance & 0xFF)

      else:

        # A 21-bit offset: "s11xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx"

        buf.append(0x60 | (distance >> 16))

        buf.append((distance >> 8) & 0xFF)

        buf.append(distance & 0xFF)

      # Distance in first link is relative to following record.

      # Distance in other links are relative to previous link.

      offset -= distance

    if len(buf) == guess:

      break

    guess = len(buf)

  # Set most significant bit to mark end of links in this node.

  buf[last] |= (1 << 7)

  buf.reverse()

  return buf

def encode_prefix(label):

  """Encodes a node label as a list of bytes without a trailing high byte.

  This method encodes a node if there is exactly one child  and the

  child follows immediately after so that no jump is needed. This label

  will then be a prefix to the label in the child node.

  """

  assert label

  return [c for c in bytearray(reversed(label))]

def encode_label(label):

  """Encodes a node label as a list of bytes with a trailing high byte >0x80.

  """

  buf = encode_prefix(label)

  # Set most significant bit to mark end of label in this node.

  buf[0] |= (1 << 7)

  return buf

def encode(dafsa, utf_mode):

  """Encodes a DAFSA to a list of bytes"""

  output = []

  offsets = {}

  for node in reversed(top_sort(dafsa)):

    if (len(node[1]) == 1 and node[1][0] and

        (offsets[id(node[1][0])] == len(output))):

      output.extend(encode_prefix(node[0]))

    else:

      output.extend(encode_links(node[1], offsets, len(output)))

      output.extend(encode_label(node[0]))

    offsets[id(node)] = len(output)

  output.extend(encode_links(dafsa, offsets, len(output)))

  output.reverse()

  if utf_mode:

    output.append(0x01)

  return output

def to_cxx(data, codecs):

  """Generates C++ code from a list of encoded bytes."""

  text = b'/* This file has been generated by psl-make-dafsa. DO NOT EDIT!\n\n'

  text += b'The byte array encodes effective tld names. See psl-make-dafsa source for'

  text += b' documentation.'

  text += b'*/\n\n'

  text += b'static const unsigned char kDafsa['

  text += bytes(str(len(data)), **codecs)

  text += b'] = {\n'

  for i in range(0, len(data), 12):

    text += b'  '

    text += bytes(', '.join('0x%02x' % byte for byte in data[i:i + 12]), **codecs)

    text += b',\n'

  text += b'};\n'

  return text

def sha1_file(name):

  sha1 = hashlib.sha1()

  with open(name, 'rb') as f:

    while True:

        data = f.read(65536)

        if not data:

            break

        sha1.update(data)

  return sha1.hexdigest()

def to_cxx_plus(data, codecs):

  """Generates C++ code from a word list plus some variable assignments as needed by libpsl"""

  text = to_cxx(data, codecs)

  text += b'static time_t _psl_file_time = %d;\n' % os.stat(psl_input_file).st_mtime

  text += b'static int _psl_nsuffixes = %d;\n' % psl_nsuffixes

  text += b'static int _psl_nexceptions = %d;\n' % psl_nexceptions

  text += b'static int _psl_nwildcards = %d;\n' % psl_nwildcards

  text += b'static const char _psl_sha1_checksum[] = "%s";\n' % bytes(sha1_file(psl_input_file), **codecs)

  text += b'static const char _psl_filename[] = "%s";\n' % bytes(psl_input_file, **codecs)

  return text

def words_to_whatever(words, converter, utf_mode, codecs):

  """Generates C++ code from a word list"""

  dafsa = to_dafsa(words, utf_mode)

  for fun in (reverse, join_suffixes, reverse, join_suffixes, join_labels):

    dafsa = fun(dafsa)

  return converter(encode(dafsa, utf_mode), codecs)

def words_to_cxx(words, utf_mode, codecs):

  """Generates C++ code from a word list"""

  return words_to_whatever(words, to_cxx, utf_mode, codecs)

def words_to_cxx_plus(words, utf_mode, codecs):

  """Generates C++ code from a word list plus some variable assignments as needed by libpsl"""

  return words_to_whatever(words, to_cxx_plus, utf_mode, codecs)

def words_to_binary(words, utf_mode, codecs):

  """Generates C++ code from a word list"""

  return b'.DAFSA@PSL_0   \n' + words_to_whatever(words, lambda x, _: bytearray(x), utf_mode, codecs)

def parse_psl(infile, utf_mode, codecs):

  """Parses PSL file and extract strings and return code"""

  PSL_FLAG_EXCEPTION = (1<<0)

  PSL_FLAG_WILDCARD = (1<<1)

  PSL_FLAG_ICANN = (1<<2) # entry of ICANN section

  PSL_FLAG_PRIVATE = (1<<3) # entry of PRIVATE section

  PSL_FLAG_PLAIN = (1<<4) #just used for PSL syntax checking

  global psl_nsuffixes, psl_nexceptions, psl_nwildcards

  psl = {}

  section = 0

  for line in infile:

    line = bytes(line.strip(), **codecs)

    if not line:

      continue

    if line.startswith(b'//'):

      if section == 0:

        if b'===BEGIN ICANN DOMAINS===' in line:

          section = PSL_FLAG_ICANN

        elif section == 0 and b'===BEGIN PRIVATE DOMAINS===' in line:

          section = PSL_FLAG_PRIVATE

      elif section == PSL_FLAG_ICANN and b'===END ICANN DOMAINS===' in line:

        section = 0

      elif section == PSL_FLAG_PRIVATE and b'===END PRIVATE DOMAINS===' in line:

        section = 0

      continue # skip comments

    if line[:1] == b'!':

      psl_nexceptions += 1

      flags = PSL_FLAG_EXCEPTION | section

      line = line[1:]

    elif line[:1] == b'*':

      if line[1:2] != b'.':

        print('Unsupported kind of rule (ignored): %s' % line)

        continue

      psl_nwildcards += 1

      psl_nsuffixes += 1

      flags = PSL_FLAG_WILDCARD | PSL_FLAG_PLAIN | section

      line = line[2:]

    else:

      psl_nsuffixes += 1

      flags = PSL_FLAG_PLAIN | section

    punycode = line.decode('utf-8').encode('idna')

    if punycode in psl:

      """Found existing entry:

         Combination of exception and plain rule is ambiguous

           !foo.bar

            foo.bar

         Allowed:

           !foo.bar + *.foo.bar

            foo.bar + *.foo.bar

      """

      print('Found %s/%X (now %X)' % punycode, psl[punycode], flags)

      continue

    if utf_mode:

      psl[line] = flags

    psl[punycode] = flags

#  with open("psl.out", 'w') as outfile:

#    for (domain, flags) in sorted(psl.iteritems()):

#      outfile.write(domain + "%X" % (flags & 0x0F) + "\n")

  return [domain + bytes('%X' % (flags & 0x0F), **codecs) for (domain, flags) in sorted(psl.items())]

def usage():

  """Prints the usage"""

  print('usage: %s [options] infile outfile' % sys.argv[0])

  print('  --output-format=cxx     Write DAFSA as C/C++ code (default)')

  print('  --output-format=cxx+    Write DAFSA as C/C++ code plus statistical assignments')

  print('  --output-format=binary  Write DAFSA binary data')

  print('  --encoding=ascii        7-bit ASCII mode')

  print('  --encoding=utf-8        UTF-8 mode (default)')

  exit(1)

def main():

  """Convert PSL file into C or binary DAFSA file"""

  if len(sys.argv) < 3:

    usage()

  converter = words_to_cxx

  parser = parse_psl

  utf_mode = True

  codecs = dict()

  if sys.version_info.major > 2:

    codecs['encoding'] = 'utf-8'

  for arg in sys.argv[1:-2]:

    # Check --input-format for backward compatibility

    if arg.startswith('--input-format='):

      value = arg[15:].lower()

      if value == 'psl':

        parser = parse_psl

      else:

        print("Unknown input format '%s'" % value)

        return 1

    elif arg.startswith('--output-format='):

      value = arg[16:].lower()

      if value == 'binary':

        converter = words_to_binary

      elif value == 'cxx':

        converter = words_to_cxx

      elif value == 'cxx+':

        converter = words_to_cxx_plus

      else:

        print("Unknown output format '%s'" % value)

        return 1

    elif arg.startswith('--encoding='):

      value = arg[11:].lower()

      if value == 'ascii':

        utf_mode = False

      elif value == 'utf-8':

        utf_mode = True

      else:

        print("Unknown encoding '%s'" % value)

        return 1

    else:

      usage()

  if sys.argv[-2] == '-':

    with open(sys.argv[-1], 'wb') as outfile:

      outfile.write(converter(parser(sys.stdin, utf_mode, codecs), utf_mode, codecs))

  else:

    """Some statistical data for --output-format=cxx+"""

    global psl_input_file, psl_nsuffixes, psl_nexceptions, psl_nwildcards

    psl_input_file = sys.argv[-2]

    psl_nsuffixes = 0

    psl_nexceptions = 0

    psl_nwildcards = 0

    with open(sys.argv[-2], 'r', **codecs) as infile, open(sys.argv[-1], 'wb') as outfile:

      outfile.write(converter(parser(infile, utf_mode, codecs), utf_mode, codecs))

  return 0

if __name__ == '__main__':

  sys.exit(main())