/*
 * Copyright (c) 2013-2017, Intel Corporation
 *
 * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
 * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
 *
 *  * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice,
 *    this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
 *  * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice,
 *    this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation
 *    and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
 *  * Neither the name of Intel Corporation nor the names of its contributors
 *    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
 *    without specific prior written permission.
 *
 * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS"
 * AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
 * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
 * ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE
 * LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR
 * CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF
 * SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS
 * INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN
 * CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE)
 * ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
 * POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
 */

#include "pt_cpu.h"
#include "pt_last_ip.h"
#include "pt_time.h"

#include "intel-pt.h"

#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdarg.h>
#include <inttypes.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <limits.h>

#if defined(_MSC_VER) && (_MSC_VER < 1900)
#  define snprintf _snprintf_c
#endif


struct ptdump_options {
	/* Show the current offset in the trace stream. */
	uint32_t show_offset:1;

	/* Show raw packet bytes. */
	uint32_t show_raw_bytes:1;

	/* Show last IP for packets with IP payloads. */
	uint32_t show_last_ip:1;

	/* Show the execution mode on mode.exec. */
	uint32_t show_exec_mode:1;

	/* Keep track of time. */
	uint32_t track_time:1;

	/* Show the estimated TSC for timing related packets. */
	uint32_t show_time:1;

	/* Show time calibration. */
	uint32_t show_tcal:1;

	/* Show timing information as delta to the previous value. */
	uint32_t show_time_as_delta:1;

	/* Quiet mode: Don't print anything but errors. */
	uint32_t quiet:1;

	/* Don't show PAD packets. */
	uint32_t no_pad:1;

	/* Do not try to sync the decoder. */
	uint32_t no_sync:1;

	/* Do not calibrate timing. */
	uint32_t no_tcal:1;

	/* Do not expect wall-clock time. */
	uint32_t no_wall_clock:1;

	/* Don't show timing packets. */
	uint32_t no_timing:1;

	/* Don't show CYC packets and ignore them when tracking time. */
	uint32_t no_cyc:1;
};

struct ptdump_buffer {
	/* The trace offset. */
	char offset[17];

	/* The raw packet bytes. */
	char raw[33];

	/* The packet opcode. */
	char opcode[10];

	union {
		/* The standard packet payload. */
		char standard[25];

		/* An extended packet payload. */
		char extended[48];
	} payload;

	/* The tracking information. */
	struct {
		/* The tracking identifier. */
		char id[5];

		/* The tracking information. */
		char payload[17];
	} tracking;

	/* A flag telling whether an extended payload is used. */
	uint32_t use_ext_payload:1;

	/* A flag telling whether to skip printing this buffer. */
	uint32_t skip:1;

	/* A flag telling whether to skip printing the time. */
	uint32_t skip_time:1;

	/* A flag telling whether to skip printing the calibration. */
	uint32_t skip_tcal:1;
};

struct ptdump_tracking {
	/* Track last-ip. */
	struct pt_last_ip last_ip;

	/* Track time calibration. */
	struct pt_time_cal tcal;

	/* Track time. */
	struct pt_time time;

	/* The last estimated TSC. */
	uint64_t tsc;

	/* The last calibration value. */
	uint64_t fcr;

	/* Header vs. normal decode.  Set if decoding PSB+. */
	uint32_t in_header:1;
};

static int usage(const char *name)
{
	fprintf(stderr,
		"%s: [<options>] <ptfile>.  Use --help or -h for help.\n",
		name);
	return -1;
}

static int no_file_error(const char *name)
{
	fprintf(stderr, "%s: No processor trace file specified.\n", name);
	return -1;
}

static int unknown_option_error(const char *arg, const char *name)
{
	fprintf(stderr, "%s: unknown option: %s.\n", name, arg);
	return -1;
}

static int help(const char *name)
{
	printf("usage: %s [<options>] <ptfile>[:<from>[-<to>]\n\n", name);
	printf("options:\n");
	printf("  --help|-h                 this text.\n");
	printf("  --version                 display version information and exit.\n");
	printf("  --no-sync                 don't try to sync to the first PSB, assume a valid\n");
	printf("                            sync point at the beginning of the trace.\n");
	printf("  --quiet                   don't print anything but errors.\n");
	printf("  --no-pad                  don't show PAD packets.\n");
	printf("  --no-timing               don't show timing packets.\n");
	printf("  --no-cyc                  don't show CYC packets and ignore them when tracking time.\n");
	printf("  --no-offset               don't show the offset as the first column.\n");
	printf("  --raw                     show raw packet bytes.\n");
	printf("  --lastip                  show last IP updates on packets with IP payloads.\n");
	printf("  --exec-mode               show the current execution mode on mode.exec packets.\n");
	printf("  --time                    show the estimated TSC on timing packets.\n");
	printf("  --tcal                    show time calibration information.\n");
	printf("  --time-delta              show timing information as delta.\n");
	printf("  --no-tcal                 skip timing calibration.\n");
	printf("                            this will result in errors when CYC packets are encountered.\n");
	printf("  --no-wall-clock           suppress the no-time error and print relative time.\n");
	printf("  --cpu none|auto|f/m[/s]   set cpu to the given value and decode according to:\n");
	printf("                              none     spec (default)\n");
	printf("                              auto     current cpu\n");
	printf("                              f/m[/s]  family/model[/stepping]\n");
	printf("  --mtc-freq <n>            set the MTC frequency (IA32_RTIT_CTL[17:14]) to <n>.\n");
	printf("  --nom-freq <n>            set the nominal frequency (MSR_PLATFORM_INFO[15:8]) to <n>.\n");
	printf("  --cpuid-0x15.eax          set the value of cpuid[0x15].eax.\n");
	printf("  --cpuid-0x15.ebx          set the value of cpuid[0x15].ebx.\n");
	printf("  <ptfile>[:<from>[-<to>]]  load the processor trace data from <ptfile>;\n");

	return 0;
}

static int version(const char *name)
{
	struct pt_version v = pt_library_version();

	printf("%s-%d.%d.%d%s / libipt-%" PRIu8 ".%" PRIu8 ".%" PRIu32 "%s\n",
	       name, PT_VERSION_MAJOR, PT_VERSION_MINOR, PT_VERSION_BUILD,
	       PT_VERSION_EXT, v.major, v.minor, v.build, v.ext);
	return 0;
}

static int parse_range(const char *arg, uint64_t *begin, uint64_t *end)
{
	char *rest;

	if (!arg || !*arg)
		return 0;

	errno = 0;
	*begin = strtoull(arg, &rest, 0);
	if (errno)
		return -1;

	if (!*rest)
		return 1;

	if (*rest != '-')
		return -1;

	*end = strtoull(rest+1, &rest, 0);
	if (errno || *rest)
		return -1;

	return 2;
}

/* Preprocess a filename argument.
 *
 * A filename may optionally be followed by a file offset or a file range
 * argument separated by ':'.  Split the original argument into the filename
 * part and the offset/range part.
 *
 * If no end address is specified, set @size to zero.
 * If no offset is specified, set @offset to zero.
 *
 * Returns zero on success, a negative error code otherwise.
 */
static int preprocess_filename(char *filename, uint64_t *offset, uint64_t *size)
{
	uint64_t begin, end;
	char *range;
	int parts;

	if (!filename || !offset || !size)
		return -pte_internal;

	/* Search from the end as the filename may also contain ':'. */
	range = strrchr(filename, ':');
	if (!range) {
		*offset = 0ull;
		*size = 0ull;

		return 0;
	}

	/* Let's try to parse an optional range suffix.
	 *
	 * If we can, remove it from the filename argument.
	 * If we can not, assume that the ':' is part of the filename, e.g. a
	 * drive letter on Windows.
	 */
	parts = parse_range(range + 1, &begin, &end);
	if (parts <= 0) {
		*offset = 0ull;
		*size = 0ull;

		return 0;
	}

	if (parts == 1) {
		*offset = begin;
		*size = 0ull;

		*range = 0;

		return 0;
	}

	if (parts == 2) {
		if (end <= begin)
			return -pte_invalid;

		*offset = begin;
		*size = end - begin;

		*range = 0;

		return 0;
	}

	return -pte_internal;
}

static int load_file(uint8_t **buffer, size_t *psize, const char *filename,
		     uint64_t offset, uint64_t size, const char *prog)
{
	uint8_t *content;
	size_t read;
	FILE *file;
	long fsize, begin, end;
	int errcode;

	if (!buffer || !psize || !filename || !prog) {
		fprintf(stderr, "%s: internal error.\n", prog ? prog : "");
		return -1;
	}

	errno = 0;
	file = fopen(filename, "rb");
	if (!file) {
		fprintf(stderr, "%s: failed to open %s: %d.\n",
			prog, filename, errno);
		return -1;
	}

	errcode = fseek(file, 0, SEEK_END);
	if (errcode) {
		fprintf(stderr, "%s: failed to determine size of %s: %d.\n",
			prog, filename, errno);
		goto err_file;
	}

	fsize = ftell(file);
	if (fsize < 0) {
		fprintf(stderr, "%s: failed to determine size of %s: %d.\n",
			prog, filename, errno);
		goto err_file;
	}

	begin = (long) offset;
	if (((uint64_t) begin != offset) || (fsize <= begin)) {
		fprintf(stderr,
			"%s: bad offset 0x%" PRIx64 " into %s.\n",
			prog, offset, filename);
		goto err_file;
	}

	end = fsize;
	if (size) {
		uint64_t range_end;

		range_end = offset + size;
		if ((uint64_t) end < range_end) {
			fprintf(stderr,
				"%s: bad range 0x%" PRIx64 " in %s.\n",
				prog, range_end, filename);
			goto err_file;
		}

		end = (long) range_end;
	}

	fsize = end - begin;

	content = malloc(fsize);
	if (!content) {
		fprintf(stderr, "%s: failed to allocated memory %s.\n",
			prog, filename);
		goto err_file;
	}

	errcode = fseek(file, begin, SEEK_SET);
	if (errcode) {
		fprintf(stderr, "%s: failed to load %s: %d.\n",
			prog, filename, errno);
		goto err_content;
	}

	read = fread(content, fsize, 1, file);
	if (read != 1) {
		fprintf(stderr, "%s: failed to load %s: %d.\n",
			prog, filename, errno);
		goto err_content;
	}

	fclose(file);

	*buffer = content;
	*psize = fsize;

	return 0;

err_content:
	free(content);

err_file:
	fclose(file);
	return -1;
}

static int load_pt(struct pt_config *config, const char *filename,
		   uint64_t foffset, uint64_t fsize, const char *prog)
{
	uint8_t *buffer;
	size_t size;
	int errcode;

	errcode = load_file(&buffer, &size, filename, foffset, fsize, prog);
	if (errcode < 0)
		return errcode;

	config->begin = buffer;
	config->end = buffer + size;

	return 0;
}

static int diag(const char *errstr, uint64_t offset, int errcode)
{
	if (errcode)
		printf("[%" PRIx64 ": %s: %s]\n", offset, errstr,
		       pt_errstr(pt_errcode(errcode)));
	else
		printf("[%" PRIx64 ": %s]\n", offset, errstr);

	return errcode;
}

static void ptdump_tracking_init(struct ptdump_tracking *tracking)
{
	if (!tracking)
		return;

	pt_last_ip_init(&tracking->last_ip);
	pt_tcal_init(&tracking->tcal);
	pt_time_init(&tracking->time);

	tracking->tsc = 0ull;
	tracking->fcr = 0ull;
	tracking->in_header = 0;
}

static void ptdump_tracking_reset(struct ptdump_tracking *tracking)
{
	if (!tracking)
		return;

	pt_last_ip_init(&tracking->last_ip);
	pt_tcal_init(&tracking->tcal);
	pt_time_init(&tracking->time);

	tracking->tsc = 0ull;
	tracking->fcr = 0ull;
	tracking->in_header = 0;
}

static void ptdump_tracking_fini(struct ptdump_tracking *tracking)
{
	(void) tracking;

	/* Nothing to do. */
}

#define print_field(field, ...)					\
	do {							\
		/* Avoid partial overwrites. */			\
		memset(field, 0, sizeof(field));		\
		snprintf(field, sizeof(field), __VA_ARGS__);	\
	} while (0)


static int print_buffer(struct ptdump_buffer *buffer, uint64_t offset,
			const struct ptdump_options *options)
{
	const char *sep;

	if (!buffer)
		return diag("error printing buffer", offset, -pte_internal);

	if (buffer->skip || options->quiet)
		return 0;

	/* Make sure the first column starts at the beginning of the line - no
	 * matter what column is first.
	 */
	sep = "";

	if (options->show_offset) {
		printf("%-*s", (int) sizeof(buffer->offset), buffer->offset);
		sep = " ";
	}

	if (buffer->raw[0]) {
		printf("%s%-*s", sep, (int) sizeof(buffer->raw), buffer->raw);
		sep = " ";
	}

	if (buffer->payload.standard[0])
		printf("%s%-*s", sep, (int) sizeof(buffer->opcode),
		       buffer->opcode);
	else
		printf("%s%s", sep, buffer->opcode);

	/* We printed at least one column.  From this point on, we don't need
	 * the separator any longer.
	 */

	if (buffer->use_ext_payload)
		printf(" %s", buffer->payload.extended);
	else if (buffer->tracking.id[0]) {
		printf(" %-*s", (int) sizeof(buffer->payload.standard),
		       buffer->payload.standard);

		printf(" %-*s", (int) sizeof(buffer->tracking.id),
		       buffer->tracking.id);
		printf("%s", buffer->tracking.payload);
	} else if (buffer->payload.standard[0])
		printf(" %s", buffer->payload.standard);

	printf("\n");
	return 0;
}

static int print_raw(struct ptdump_buffer *buffer, uint64_t offset,
		     const struct pt_packet *packet,
		     const struct pt_config *config)
{
	const uint8_t *begin, *end;
	char *bbegin, *bend;

	if (!buffer || !packet)
		return diag("error printing packet", offset, -pte_internal);

	begin = config->begin + offset;
	end = begin + packet->size;

	if (config->end < end)
		return diag("bad packet size", offset, -pte_bad_packet);

	bbegin = buffer->raw;
	bend = bbegin + sizeof(buffer->raw);

	for (; begin < end; ++begin) {
		char *pos;

		pos = bbegin;
		bbegin += 2;

		if (bend <= bbegin)
			return diag("truncating raw packet", offset, 0);

		sprintf(pos, "%02x", *begin);
	}

	return 0;
}

static int track_last_ip(struct ptdump_buffer *buffer,
			 struct pt_last_ip *last_ip, uint64_t offset,
			 const struct pt_packet_ip *packet,
			 const struct ptdump_options *options,
			 const struct pt_config *config)
{
	uint64_t ip;
	int errcode;

	if (!buffer || !options)
		return diag("error tracking last-ip", offset, -pte_internal);

	print_field(buffer->tracking.id, "ip");

	errcode = pt_last_ip_update_ip(last_ip, packet, config);
	if (errcode < 0) {
		print_field(buffer->tracking.payload, "<unavailable>");

		return diag("error tracking last-ip", offset, errcode);
	}

	errcode = pt_last_ip_query(&ip, last_ip);
	if (errcode < 0) {
		if (errcode == -pte_ip_suppressed)
			print_field(buffer->tracking.payload, "<suppressed>");
		else {
			print_field(buffer->tracking.payload, "<unavailable>");

			return diag("error tracking last-ip", offset, errcode);
		}
	} else
		print_field(buffer->tracking.payload, "%016" PRIx64, ip);

	return 0;
}


static int print_time(struct ptdump_buffer *buffer,
		      struct ptdump_tracking *tracking, uint64_t offset,
		      const struct ptdump_options *options)
{
	uint64_t tsc;
	int errcode;

	if (!tracking || !options)
		return diag("error printing time", offset, -pte_internal);

	print_field(buffer->tracking.id, "tsc");

	errcode = pt_time_query_tsc(&tsc, NULL, NULL, &tracking->time);
	if (errcode < 0) {
		switch (-errcode) {
		case pte_no_time:
			if (options->no_wall_clock)
				break;

			/* Fall through. */
		default:
			diag("error printing time", offset, errcode);
			print_field(buffer->tracking.payload, "<unavailable>");
			return errcode;
		}
	}

	if (options->show_time_as_delta) {
		uint64_t old_tsc;

		old_tsc = tracking->tsc;
		if (old_tsc <= tsc)
			print_field(buffer->tracking.payload, "+%" PRIx64,
				    tsc - old_tsc);
		else
			print_field(buffer->tracking.payload, "-%" PRIx64,
				    old_tsc - tsc);

		tracking->tsc = tsc;
	} else
		print_field(buffer->tracking.payload, "%016" PRIx64, tsc);

	return 0;
}

static int print_tcal(struct ptdump_buffer *buffer,
		      struct ptdump_tracking *tracking, uint64_t offset,
		      const struct ptdump_options *options)
{
	uint64_t fcr;
	double dfcr;
	int errcode;

	if (!tracking || !options)
		return diag("error printing time", offset, -pte_internal);

	print_field(buffer->tracking.id, "fcr");

	errcode = pt_tcal_fcr(&fcr, &tracking->tcal);
	if (errcode < 0) {
		print_field(buffer->tracking.payload, "<unavailable>");
		return diag("error printing time", offset, errcode);
	}

	/* We print fcr as double to account for the shift. */
	dfcr = (double) fcr;
	dfcr /= (double) (1ull << pt_tcal_fcr_shr);

	if (options->show_time_as_delta) {
		uint64_t old_fcr;
		double dold_fcr;

		old_fcr = tracking->fcr;

		/* We print fcr as double to account for the shift. */
		dold_fcr = (double) old_fcr;
		dold_fcr /= (double) (1ull << pt_tcal_fcr_shr);

		if (old_fcr <= fcr)
			print_field(buffer->tracking.payload, "+%.3f",
				    dfcr - dold_fcr);
		else
			print_field(buffer->tracking.payload, "-%.3f",
				    dold_fcr - dfcr);

		tracking->fcr = fcr;
	} else
		print_field(buffer->tracking.payload, "%.3f", dfcr);

	return 0;
}

static int track_time(struct ptdump_buffer *buffer,
		      struct ptdump_tracking *tracking,  uint64_t offset,
		      const struct ptdump_options *options)
{
	if (!tracking || !options)
		return diag("error tracking time", offset, -pte_internal);

	if (options->show_tcal && !buffer->skip_tcal)
		print_tcal(buffer, tracking, offset, options);

	if (options->show_time && !buffer->skip_time)
		print_time(buffer, tracking, offset, options);

	return 0;
}

static int track_tsc(struct ptdump_buffer *buffer,
		     struct ptdump_tracking *tracking,  uint64_t offset,
		     const struct pt_packet_tsc *packet,
		     const struct ptdump_options *options,
		     const struct pt_config *config)
{
	int errcode;

	if (!buffer || !tracking || !options)
		return diag("error tracking time", offset, -pte_internal);

	if (!options->no_tcal) {
		errcode = tracking->in_header ?
			pt_tcal_header_tsc(&tracking->tcal, packet, config) :
			pt_tcal_update_tsc(&tracking->tcal, packet, config);
		if (errcode < 0)
			diag("error calibrating time", offset, errcode);
	}

	errcode = pt_time_update_tsc(&tracking->time, packet, config);
	if (errcode < 0)
		diag("error updating time", offset, errcode);

	return track_time(buffer, tracking, offset, options);
}

static int track_cbr(struct ptdump_buffer *buffer,
		     struct ptdump_tracking *tracking,  uint64_t offset,
		     const struct pt_packet_cbr *packet,
		     const struct ptdump_options *options,
		     const struct pt_config *config)
{
	int errcode;

	if (!buffer || !tracking || !options)
		return diag("error tracking time", offset, -pte_internal);

	if (!options->no_tcal) {
		errcode = tracking->in_header ?
			pt_tcal_header_cbr(&tracking->tcal, packet, config) :
			pt_tcal_update_cbr(&tracking->tcal, packet, config);
		if (errcode < 0)
			diag("error calibrating time", offset, errcode);
	}

	errcode = pt_time_update_cbr(&tracking->time, packet, config);
	if (errcode < 0)
		diag("error updating time", offset, errcode);

	/* There is no timing update at this packet. */
	buffer->skip_time = 1;

	return track_time(buffer, tracking, offset, options);
}

static int track_tma(struct ptdump_buffer *buffer,
		     struct ptdump_tracking *tracking,  uint64_t offset,
		     const struct pt_packet_tma *packet,
		     const struct ptdump_options *options,
		     const struct pt_config *config)
{
	int errcode;

	if (!buffer || !tracking || !options)
		return diag("error tracking time", offset, -pte_internal);

	if (!options->no_tcal) {
		errcode = pt_tcal_update_tma(&tracking->tcal, packet, config);
		if (errcode < 0)
			diag("error calibrating time", offset, errcode);
	}

	errcode = pt_time_update_tma(&tracking->time, packet, config);
	if (errcode < 0)
		diag("error updating time", offset, errcode);

	/* There is no calibration update at this packet. */
	buffer->skip_tcal = 1;

	return track_time(buffer, tracking, offset, options);
}

static int track_mtc(struct ptdump_buffer *buffer,
		     struct ptdump_tracking *tracking,  uint64_t offset,
		     const struct pt_packet_mtc *packet,
		     const struct ptdump_options *options,
		     const struct pt_config *config)
{
	int errcode;

	if (!buffer || !tracking || !options)
		return diag("error tracking time", offset, -pte_internal);

	if (!options->no_tcal) {
		errcode = pt_tcal_update_mtc(&tracking->tcal, packet, config);
		if (errcode < 0)
			diag("error calibrating time", offset, errcode);
	}

	errcode = pt_time_update_mtc(&tracking->time, packet, config);
	if (errcode < 0)
		diag("error updating time", offset, errcode);

	return track_time(buffer, tracking, offset, options);
}

static int track_cyc(struct ptdump_buffer *buffer,
		     struct ptdump_tracking *tracking,  uint64_t offset,
		     const struct pt_packet_cyc *packet,
		     const struct ptdump_options *options,
		     const struct pt_config *config)
{
	uint64_t fcr;
	int errcode;

	if (!buffer || !tracking || !options)
		return diag("error tracking time", offset, -pte_internal);

	/* Initialize to zero in case of calibration errors. */
	fcr = 0ull;

	if (!options->no_tcal) {
		errcode = pt_tcal_fcr(&fcr, &tracking->tcal);
		if (errcode < 0)
			diag("calibration error", offset, errcode);

		errcode = pt_tcal_update_cyc(&tracking->tcal, packet, config);
		if (errcode < 0)
			diag("error calibrating time", offset, errcode);
	}

	errcode = pt_time_update_cyc(&tracking->time, packet, config, fcr);
	if (errcode < 0)
		diag("error updating time", offset, errcode);
	else if (!fcr)
		diag("error updating time: no calibration", offset, 0);

	/* There is no calibration update at this packet. */
	buffer->skip_tcal = 1;

	return track_time(buffer, tracking, offset, options);
}

static uint64_t sext(uint64_t val, uint8_t sign)
{
	uint64_t signbit, mask;

	signbit = 1ull << (sign - 1);
	mask = ~0ull << sign;

	return val & signbit ? val | mask : val & ~mask;
}

static int print_ip_payload(struct ptdump_buffer *buffer, uint64_t offset,
			    const struct pt_packet_ip *packet)
{
	if (!buffer || !packet)
		return diag("error printing payload", offset, -pte_internal);

	switch (packet->ipc) {
	case pt_ipc_suppressed:
		print_field(buffer->payload.standard, "%x: ????????????????",
			    pt_ipc_suppressed);
		return 0;

	case pt_ipc_update_16:
		print_field(buffer->payload.standard, "%x: ????????????%04"
			    PRIx64, pt_ipc_update_16, packet->ip);
		return 0;

	case pt_ipc_update_32:
		print_field(buffer->payload.standard, "%x: ????????%08"
			    PRIx64, pt_ipc_update_32, packet->ip);
		return 0;

	case pt_ipc_update_48:
		print_field(buffer->payload.standard, "%x: ????%012"
			    PRIx64, pt_ipc_update_48, packet->ip);
		return 0;

	case pt_ipc_sext_48:
		print_field(buffer->payload.standard, "%x: %016" PRIx64,
			    pt_ipc_sext_48, sext(packet->ip, 48));
		return 0;

	case pt_ipc_full:
		print_field(buffer->payload.standard, "%x: %016" PRIx64,
			    pt_ipc_full, packet->ip);
		return 0;
	}

	print_field(buffer->payload.standard, "%x: %016" PRIx64,
		    packet->ipc, packet->ip);
	return diag("bad ipc", offset, -pte_bad_packet);
}

static int print_tnt_payload(struct ptdump_buffer *buffer, uint64_t offset,
			     const struct pt_packet_tnt *packet)
{
	uint64_t tnt;
	uint8_t bits;
	char *begin, *end;

	if (!buffer || !packet)
		return diag("error printing payload", offset, -pte_internal);

	bits = packet->bit_size;
	tnt = packet->payload;

	begin = buffer->payload.extended;
	end = begin + bits;

	if (sizeof(buffer->payload.extended) < bits) {
		diag("truncating tnt payload", offset, 0);

		end = begin + sizeof(buffer->payload.extended);
	}

	for (; begin < end; ++begin, --bits)
		*begin = tnt & (1ull << (bits - 1)) ? '!' : '.';

	return 0;
}

static const char *print_exec_mode(const struct pt_packet_mode_exec *packet,
				   uint64_t offset)
{
	enum pt_exec_mode mode;

	mode = pt_get_exec_mode(packet);
	switch (mode) {
	case ptem_64bit:
		return "64-bit";

	case ptem_32bit:
		return "32-bit";

	case ptem_16bit:
		return "16-bit";

	case ptem_unknown:
		return "unknown";
	}

	diag("bad exec mode", offset, -pte_bad_packet);
	return "invalid";
}

static int print_packet(struct ptdump_buffer *buffer, uint64_t offset,
			const struct pt_packet *packet,
			struct ptdump_tracking *tracking,
			const struct ptdump_options *options,
			const struct pt_config *config)
{
	if (!buffer || !packet || !tracking || !options)
		return diag("error printing packet", offset, -pte_internal);

	switch (packet->type) {
	case ppt_unknown:
		print_field(buffer->opcode, "<unknown>");
		return 0;

	case ppt_invalid:
		print_field(buffer->opcode, "<invalid>");
		return 0;

	case ppt_psb:
		print_field(buffer->opcode, "psb");

		tracking->in_header = 1;
		return 0;

	case ppt_psbend:
		print_field(buffer->opcode, "psbend");

		tracking->in_header = 0;
		return 0;

	case ppt_pad:
		print_field(buffer->opcode, "pad");

		if (options->no_pad)
			buffer->skip = 1;
		return 0;

	case ppt_ovf:
		print_field(buffer->opcode, "ovf");
		return 0;

	case ppt_stop:
		print_field(buffer->opcode, "stop");
		return 0;

	case ppt_fup:
		print_field(buffer->opcode, "fup");
		print_ip_payload(buffer, offset, &packet->payload.ip);

		if (options->show_last_ip)
			track_last_ip(buffer, &tracking->last_ip, offset,
				      &packet->payload.ip, options, config);
		return 0;

	case ppt_tip:
		print_field(buffer->opcode, "tip");
		print_ip_payload(buffer, offset, &packet->payload.ip);

		if (options->show_last_ip)
			track_last_ip(buffer, &tracking->last_ip, offset,
				      &packet->payload.ip, options, config);
		return 0;

	case ppt_tip_pge:
		print_field(buffer->opcode, "tip.pge");
		print_ip_payload(buffer, offset, &packet->payload.ip);

		if (options->show_last_ip)
			track_last_ip(buffer, &tracking->last_ip, offset,
				      &packet->payload.ip, options, config);
		return 0;

	case ppt_tip_pgd:
		print_field(buffer->opcode, "tip.pgd");
		print_ip_payload(buffer, offset, &packet->payload.ip);

		if (options->show_last_ip)
			track_last_ip(buffer, &tracking->last_ip, offset,
				      &packet->payload.ip, options, config);
		return 0;

	case ppt_pip:
		print_field(buffer->opcode, "pip");
		print_field(buffer->payload.standard, "%" PRIx64 "%s",
			    packet->payload.pip.cr3,
			    packet->payload.pip.nr ? ", nr" : "");

		print_field(buffer->tracking.id, "cr3");
		print_field(buffer->tracking.payload, "%016" PRIx64,
			    packet->payload.pip.cr3);
		return 0;

	case ppt_vmcs:
		print_field(buffer->opcode, "vmcs");
		print_field(buffer->payload.standard, "%" PRIx64,
			    packet->payload.vmcs.base);

		print_field(buffer->tracking.id, "vmcs");
		print_field(buffer->tracking.payload, "%016" PRIx64,
			    packet->payload.vmcs.base);
		return 0;

	case ppt_tnt_8:
		print_field(buffer->opcode, "tnt.8");
		return print_tnt_payload(buffer, offset, &packet->payload.tnt);

	case ppt_tnt_64:
		print_field(buffer->opcode, "tnt.64");
		return print_tnt_payload(buffer, offset, &packet->payload.tnt);

	case ppt_mode: {
		const struct pt_packet_mode *mode;

		mode = &packet->payload.mode;
		switch (mode->leaf) {
		case pt_mol_exec: {
			const char *csd, *csl, *sep;

			csd = mode->bits.exec.csd ? "cs.d" : "";
			csl = mode->bits.exec.csl ? "cs.l" : "";

			sep = csd[0] && csl[0] ? ", " : "";

			print_field(buffer->opcode, "mode.exec");
			print_field(buffer->payload.standard, "%s%s%s",
				    csd, sep, csl);

			if (options->show_exec_mode) {
				const char *em;

				em = print_exec_mode(&mode->bits.exec, offset);
				print_field(buffer->tracking.id, "em");
				print_field(buffer->tracking.payload, "%s", em);
			}
		}
			return 0;

		case pt_mol_tsx: {
			const char *intx, *abrt, *sep;

			intx = mode->bits.tsx.intx ? "intx" : "";
			abrt = mode->bits.tsx.abrt ? "abrt" : "";

			sep = intx[0] && abrt[0] ? ", " : "";

			print_field(buffer->opcode, "mode.tsx");
			print_field(buffer->payload.standard, "%s%s%s",
				    intx, sep, abrt);
		}
			return 0;
		}

		print_field(buffer->opcode, "mode");
		print_field(buffer->payload.standard, "leaf: %x", mode->leaf);

		return diag("unknown mode leaf", offset, 0);
	}

	case ppt_tsc:
		print_field(buffer->opcode, "tsc");
		print_field(buffer->payload.standard, "%" PRIx64,
			    packet->payload.tsc.tsc);

		if (options->track_time)
			track_tsc(buffer, tracking, offset,
				  &packet->payload.tsc, options, config);

		if (options->no_timing)
			buffer->skip = 1;

		return 0;

	case ppt_cbr:
		print_field(buffer->opcode, "cbr");
		print_field(buffer->payload.standard, "%x",
			    packet->payload.cbr.ratio);

		if (options->track_time)
			track_cbr(buffer, tracking, offset,
				  &packet->payload.cbr, options, config);

		if (options->no_timing)
			buffer->skip = 1;

		return 0;

	case ppt_tma:
		print_field(buffer->opcode, "tma");
		print_field(buffer->payload.standard, "%x, %x",
			    packet->payload.tma.ctc, packet->payload.tma.fc);

		if (options->track_time)
			track_tma(buffer, tracking, offset,
				  &packet->payload.tma, options, config);

		if (options->no_timing)
			buffer->skip = 1;

		return 0;

	case ppt_mtc:
		print_field(buffer->opcode, "mtc");
		print_field(buffer->payload.standard, "%x",
			    packet->payload.mtc.ctc);

		if (options->track_time)
			track_mtc(buffer, tracking, offset,
				  &packet->payload.mtc, options, config);

		if (options->no_timing)
			buffer->skip = 1;

		return 0;

	case ppt_cyc:
		print_field(buffer->opcode, "cyc");
		print_field(buffer->payload.standard, "%" PRIx64,
			    packet->payload.cyc.value);

		if (options->track_time && !options->no_cyc)
			track_cyc(buffer, tracking, offset,
				  &packet->payload.cyc, options, config);

		if (options->no_timing || options->no_cyc)
			buffer->skip = 1;

		return 0;

	case ppt_mnt:
		print_field(buffer->opcode, "mnt");
		print_field(buffer->payload.standard, "%" PRIx64,
			    packet->payload.mnt.payload);
		return 0;
	}

	return diag("unknown packet", offset, -pte_bad_opc);
}

static int dump_one_packet(uint64_t offset, const struct pt_packet *packet,
			   struct ptdump_tracking *tracking,
			   const struct ptdump_options *options,
			   const struct pt_config *config)
{
	struct ptdump_buffer buffer;
	int errcode;

	memset(&buffer, 0, sizeof(buffer));

	print_field(buffer.offset, "%016" PRIx64, offset);

	if (options->show_raw_bytes) {
		errcode = print_raw(&buffer, offset, packet, config);
		if (errcode < 0)
			return errcode;
	}

	errcode = print_packet(&buffer, offset, packet, tracking, options,
			       config);
	if (errcode < 0)
		return errcode;

	return print_buffer(&buffer, offset, options);
}

static int dump_packets(struct pt_packet_decoder *decoder,
			struct ptdump_tracking *tracking,
			const struct ptdump_options *options,
			const struct pt_config *config)
{
	uint64_t offset;
	int errcode;

	offset = 0ull;
	for (;;) {
		struct pt_packet packet;

		errcode = pt_pkt_get_offset(decoder, &offset);
		if (errcode < 0)
			return diag("error getting offset", offset, errcode);

		errcode = pt_pkt_next(decoder, &packet, sizeof(packet));
		if (errcode < 0) {
			if (errcode == -pte_eos)
				return 0;

			return diag("error decoding packet", offset, errcode);
		}

		errcode = dump_one_packet(offset, &packet, tracking, options,
					  config);
		if (errcode < 0)
			return errcode;
	}
}

static int dump_sync(struct pt_packet_decoder *decoder,
		     struct ptdump_tracking *tracking,
		     const struct ptdump_options *options,
		     const struct pt_config *config)
{
	int errcode;

	if (!options)
		return diag("setup error", 0ull, -pte_internal);

	if (options->no_sync) {
		errcode = pt_pkt_sync_set(decoder, 0ull);
		if (errcode < 0)
			return diag("sync error", 0ull, errcode);
	} else {
		errcode = pt_pkt_sync_forward(decoder);
		if (errcode < 0) {
			if (errcode == -pte_eos)
				return 0;

			return diag("sync error", 0ull, errcode);
		}
	}

	for (;;) {
		errcode = dump_packets(decoder, tracking, options, config);
		if (!errcode)
			break;

		errcode = pt_pkt_sync_forward(decoder);
		if (errcode < 0) {
			if (errcode == -pte_eos)
				return 0;

			return diag("sync error", 0ull, errcode);
		}

		ptdump_tracking_reset(tracking);
	}

	return errcode;
}

static int dump(const struct pt_config *config,
		const struct ptdump_options *options)
{
	struct pt_packet_decoder *decoder;
	struct ptdump_tracking tracking;
	int errcode;

	decoder = pt_pkt_alloc_decoder(config);
	if (!decoder)
		return diag("failed to allocate decoder", 0ull, 0);

	ptdump_tracking_init(&tracking);

	errcode = dump_sync(decoder, &tracking, options, config);

	ptdump_tracking_fini(&tracking);
	pt_pkt_free_decoder(decoder);
	return errcode;
}

static int get_arg_uint64(uint64_t *value, const char *option, const char *arg,
			  const char *prog)
{
	char *rest;

	if (!value || !option || !prog) {
		fprintf(stderr, "%s: internal error.\n", prog ? prog : "?");
		return 0;
	}

	if (!arg || (arg[0] == '-' && arg[1] == '-')) {
		fprintf(stderr, "%s: %s: missing argument.\n", prog, option);
		return 0;
	}

	errno = 0;
	*value = strtoull(arg, &rest, 0);
	if (errno || *rest) {
		fprintf(stderr, "%s: %s: bad argument: %s.\n", prog, option,
			arg);
		return 0;
	}

	return 1;
}

static int get_arg_uint32(uint32_t *value, const char *option, const char *arg,
			  const char *prog)
{
	uint64_t val;

	if (!get_arg_uint64(&val, option, arg, prog))
		return 0;

	if (val > UINT32_MAX) {
		fprintf(stderr, "%s: %s: value too big: %s.\n", prog, option,
			arg);
		return 0;
	}

	*value = (uint32_t) val;

	return 1;
}

static int get_arg_uint8(uint8_t *value, const char *option, const char *arg,
			 const char *prog)
{
	uint64_t val;

	if (!get_arg_uint64(&val, option, arg, prog))
		return 0;

	if (val > UINT8_MAX) {
		fprintf(stderr, "%s: %s: value too big: %s.\n", prog, option,
			arg);
		return 0;
	}

	*value = (uint8_t) val;

	return 1;
}

int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
	struct ptdump_options options;
	struct pt_config config;
	int errcode, idx;
	char *ptfile;
	uint64_t pt_offset, pt_size;

	ptfile = NULL;

	memset(&options, 0, sizeof(options));
	options.show_offset = 1;

	memset(&config, 0, sizeof(config));
	pt_config_init(&config);

	for (idx = 1; idx < argc; ++idx) {
		if (strncmp(argv[idx], "-", 1) != 0) {
			ptfile = argv[idx];
			if (idx < (argc-1))
				return usage(argv[0]);
			break;
		}

		if (strcmp(argv[idx], "-h") == 0)
			return help(argv[0]);
		if (strcmp(argv[idx], "--help") == 0)
			return help(argv[0]);
		if (strcmp(argv[idx], "--version") == 0)
			return version(argv[0]);
		if (strcmp(argv[idx], "--no-sync") == 0)
			options.no_sync = 1;
		else if (strcmp(argv[idx], "--quiet") == 0)
			options.quiet = 1;
		else if (strcmp(argv[idx], "--no-pad") == 0)
			options.no_pad = 1;
		else if (strcmp(argv[idx], "--no-timing") == 0)
			options.no_timing = 1;
		else if (strcmp(argv[idx], "--no-cyc") == 0)
			options.no_cyc = 1;
		else if (strcmp(argv[idx], "--no-offset") == 0)
			options.show_offset = 0;
		else if (strcmp(argv[idx], "--raw") == 0)
			options.show_raw_bytes = 1;
		else if (strcmp(argv[idx], "--lastip") == 0)
			options.show_last_ip = 1;
		else if (strcmp(argv[idx], "--exec-mode") == 0)
			options.show_exec_mode = 1;
		else if (strcmp(argv[idx], "--time") == 0) {
			if (options.show_tcal) {
				fprintf(stderr, "%s: specify either --time "
					"or --tcal.\n", argv[0]);
				return 1;
			}

			options.track_time = 1;
			options.show_time = 1;
		} else if (strcmp(argv[idx], "--time-delta") == 0) {
			options.show_time_as_delta = 1;
		} else if (strcmp(argv[idx], "--tcal") == 0) {
			if (options.show_time) {
				fprintf(stderr, "%s: specify either --time "
					"or --tcal.\n", argv[0]);
				return 1;
			}

			options.track_time = 1;
			options.show_tcal = 1;
		} else if (strcmp(argv[idx], "--no-tcal") == 0)
			options.no_tcal = 1;
		else if (strcmp(argv[idx], "--no-wall-clock") == 0)
			options.no_wall_clock = 1;
		else if (strcmp(argv[idx], "--cpu") == 0) {
			const char *arg;

			arg = argv[++idx];
			if (!arg) {
				fprintf(stderr,
					"%s: --cpu: missing argument.\n",
					argv[0]);
				return 1;
			}

			if (strcmp(arg, "auto") == 0) {
				errcode = pt_cpu_read(&config.cpu);
				if (errcode < 0) {
					fprintf(stderr,
						"%s: error reading cpu: %s.\n",
						argv[0],
						pt_errstr(pt_errcode(errcode)));
					return 1;
				}
				continue;
			}

			if (strcmp(arg, "none") == 0) {
				memset(&config.cpu, 0, sizeof(config.cpu));
				continue;
			}

			errcode = pt_cpu_parse(&config.cpu, arg);
			if (errcode < 0) {
				fprintf(stderr,
					"%s: cpu must be specified as f/m[/s]\n",
					argv[0]);
				return 1;
			}
		} else if (strcmp(argv[idx], "--mtc-freq") == 0) {
			if (!get_arg_uint8(&config.mtc_freq, "--mtc-freq",
					   argv[++idx], argv[0]))
				return 1;
		} else if (strcmp(argv[idx], "--nom-freq") == 0) {
			if (!get_arg_uint8(&config.nom_freq, "--nom-freq",
					   argv[++idx], argv[0]))
				return 1;
		} else if (strcmp(argv[idx], "--cpuid-0x15.eax") == 0) {
			if (!get_arg_uint32(&config.cpuid_0x15_eax,
					    "--cpuid-0x15.eax", argv[++idx],
					    argv[0]))
				return 1;
		} else if (strcmp(argv[idx], "--cpuid-0x15.ebx") == 0) {
			if (!get_arg_uint32(&config.cpuid_0x15_ebx,
					    "--cpuid-0x15.ebx", argv[++idx],
					    argv[0]))
				return 1;
		} else
			return unknown_option_error(argv[idx], argv[0]);
	}

	if (!ptfile)
		return no_file_error(argv[0]);

	errcode = preprocess_filename(ptfile, &pt_offset, &pt_size);
	if (errcode < 0) {
		fprintf(stderr, "%s: bad file %s: %s.\n", argv[0], ptfile,
			pt_errstr(pt_errcode(errcode)));
		return 1;
	}

	errcode = pt_cpu_errata(&config.errata, &config.cpu);
	if (errcode < 0)
		diag("failed to determine errata", 0ull, errcode);

	errcode = load_pt(&config, ptfile, pt_offset, pt_size, argv[0]);
	if (errcode < 0)
		return 1;

	errcode = dump(&config, &options);

	free(config.begin);

	return -errcode;
}