MTREE(5) manual page 

== NAME == 

'''mtree''' 

- format of mtree dir hierarchy files 

== DESCRIPTION == 

The 

'''mtree''' 

format is a textual format that describes a collection of filesystem objects. 

Such files are typically used to create or verify directory hierarchies. 

=== General Format=== 

An 

'''mtree''' 

file consists of a series of lines, each providing information 

about a single filesystem object. 

Leading whitespace is always ignored. 

When encoding file or pathnames, any backslash character or 

character outside of the 95 printable ASCII characters must be 

encoded as a backslash followed by three 

octal digits. 

When reading mtree files, any appearance of a backslash 

followed by three octal digits should be converted into the 

corresponding character. 

Each line is interpreted independently as one of the following types: 

Blank
 

Blank lines are ignored. 

Comment
 

Lines beginning with 

'''#''' 

are ignored. 

Special
 

Lines beginning with 

'''/''' 

are special commands that influence 

the interpretation of later lines. 

Relative
 

If the first whitespace-delimited word has no 

'''/''' 

characters, 

it is the name of a file in the current directory. 

Any relative entry that describes a directory changes the 

current directory. 

dot-dot
 

As a special case, a relative entry with the filename 

''..'' 

changes the current directory to the parent directory. 

Options on dot-dot entries are always ignored. 

Full
 

If the first whitespace-delimited word has a 

'''/''' 

character after 

the first character, it is the pathname of a file relative to the 

starting directory. 

There can be multiple full entries describing the same file. 

Some tools that process 

'''mtree''' 

files may require that multiple lines describing the same file 

occur consecutively. 

It is not permitted for the same file to be mentioned using 

both a relative and a full file specification. 

=== Special commands=== 

Two special commands are currently defined: 

'''/set'''
 

This command defines default values for one or more keywords. 

It is followed on the same line by one or more whitespace-separated 

keyword definitions. 

These definitions apply to all following files that do not specify 

a value for that keyword. 

'''/unset'''
 

This command removes any default value set by a previous 

'''/set''' 

command. 

It is followed on the same line by one or more keywords 

separated by whitespace. 

=== Keywords=== 

After the filename, a full or relative entry consists of zero 

or more whitespace-separated keyword definitions. 

Each such definition consists of a key from the following 

list immediately followed by an '=' sign 

and a value. 

Software programs reading mtree files should warn about 

unrecognized keywords. 

Currently supported keywords are as follows: 

'''cksum'''
 

The checksum of the file using the default algorithm specified by 

the 

[[cksum(1)|http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=cksum&sektion=1]] 

utility. 

'''device'''
 

The device number for 

.B block 

or 

.B char 

file types. 

The value must be one of the following forms: 

''format'',''major'',''minor''Bo,''subunit'' Bc
 

A device with 

''major'', minor 

and optional 

''subunit'' 

fields. 

Their meaning is specified by the operating's system 

''format''. 

See below for valid formats. 

''number''
 

Opaque number (as stored on the file system). 

The following values for 

''format'' 

are recognized: 

.B native , 

.B 386bsd , 

.B 4bsd , 

.B bsdos , 

.B freebsd , 

.B hpux , 

.B isc , 

.B linux , 

.B netbsd , 

.B osf1 , 

.B sco , 

.B solaris , 

.B sunos , 

.B svr3 , 

.B svr4 ,  

and  

.B ultrix . 

See 

[[mknod(8)|http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=mknod&sektion=8]] 

for more details. 

'''contents'''
 

The full pathname of a file that holds the contents of this file. 

'''flags'''
 

The file flags as a symbolic name. 

See 

[[chflags(1)|http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=chflags&sektion=1]] 

for information on these names. 

If no flags are to be set the string 

"none" 

may be used to override the current default. 

'''gid'''
 

The file group as a numeric value. 

'''gname'''
 

The file group as a symbolic name. 

'''ignore'''
 

Ignore any file hierarchy below this file. 

'''inode'''
 

The inode number. 

'''link'''
 

The target of the symbolic link when type=link. 

'''md5'''
 

The MD5 message digest of the file. 

'''md5digest'''
 

A synonym for 

'''md5'''. 

'''mode'''
 

The current file's permissions as a numeric (octal) or symbolic 

value. 

'''nlink'''
 

The number of hard links the file is expected to have. 

'''nochange'''
 

Make sure this file or directory exists but otherwise ignore all attributes. 

'''optional'''
 

The file is optional; do not complain about the file if it is not in 

the file hierarchy. 

'''resdevice'''
 

The 

"resident" 

device number of the file, e.g. the ID of the device that 

contains the file. 

Its format is the same as the one for 

'''device'''. 

'''ripemd160digest'''
 

The 

'''RIPEMD160''' 

message digest of the file. 

'''rmd160'''
 

A synonym for 

'''ripemd160digest'''. 

'''rmd160digest'''
 

A synonym for 

'''ripemd160digest'''. 

'''sha1'''
 

The 

'''FIPS''' 

160-1 

("Tn SHA-1") 

message digest of the file. 

'''sha1digest'''
 

A synonym for 

'''sha1'''. 

'''sha256'''
 

The 

'''FIPS''' 

180-2 

("Tn SHA-256") 

message digest of the file. 

'''sha256digest'''
 

A synonym for 

'''sha256'''. 

'''sha384'''
 

The 

'''FIPS''' 

180-2 

("Tn SHA-384") 

message digest of the file. 

'''sha384digest'''
 

A synonym for 

'''sha384'''. 

'''sha512'''
 

The 

'''FIPS''' 

180-2 

("Tn SHA-512") 

message digest of the file. 

'''sha512digest'''
 

A synonym for 

'''sha512'''. 

'''size'''
 

The size, in bytes, of the file. 

'''time'''
 

The last modification time of the file. 

'''type'''
 

The type of the file; may be set to any one of the following: 

'''block'''
 

block special device 

'''char'''
 

character special device 

'''dir'''
 

directory 

'''fifo'''
 

fifo 

'''file'''
 

regular file 

'''link'''
 

symbolic link 

'''socket'''
 

socket 

'''uid'''
 

The file owner as a numeric value. 

'''uname'''
 

The file owner as a symbolic name. 

== SEE ALSO == 

[[cksum(1)|http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=cksum&sektion=1]], 

[[find(1)|http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=find&sektion=1]], 

[[mtree(8)|http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=mtree&sektion=8]] 

== BUGS == 

== HISTORY == 

The 

'''mtree''' 

utility appeared in 

BSD 4.3 Reno. 

The 

'''MD5''' 

digest capability was added in 

FreeBSD 2.1, 

in response to the widespread use of programs which can spoof 

[[cksum(1)|http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=cksum&sektion=1]]. 

The 

'''SHA-1''' 

and 

'''RIPEMD160''' 

digests were added in 

FreeBSD 4.0, 

as new attacks have demonstrated weaknesses in 

'''MD5 .''' 

The 

'''SHA-256''' 

digest was added in 

FreeBSD 6.0. 

Support for file flags was added in 

FreeBSD 4.0, 

and mostly comes from 

NetBSD. 

The 

"full" 

entry format was added by 

NetBSD.