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MTREE(5) BSD File Formats Manual MTREE(5)
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NAME
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mtree — format of
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mtree dir hierarchy files
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DESCRIPTION
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The mtree format is a
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textual format that describes a collection of filesystem
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objects. Such files are typically used to create or verify
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directory hierarchies.
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General
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Format
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An mtree file consists of a series of lines, each
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providing information about a single filesystem object.
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Leading whitespace is always ignored.
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When encoding
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file or pathnames, any backslash character or character
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outside of the 95 printable ASCII characters must be encoded
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as a backslash followed by three octal digits. When reading
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mtree files, any appearance of a backslash followed by three
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octal digits should be converted into the corresponding
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character.
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Each line is
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interpreted independently as one of the following types:
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Blank
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Blank lines are
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ignored.
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Comment
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Lines beginning
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with # are ignored.
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Special
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Lines beginning
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with / are special commands that influence the
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interpretation of later lines.
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Relative
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If the first
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whitespace-delimited word has no / characters, it is
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the name of a file in the current directory. Any relative
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entry that describes a directory changes the current
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directory.
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dot-dot
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As a special
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case, a relative entry with the filename .. changes
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the current directory to the parent directory. Options on
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dot-dot entries are always ignored.
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Full
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If the first
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whitespace-delimited word has a / character after the
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first character, it is the pathname of a file relative to
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the starting directory. There can be multiple full entries
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describing the same file.
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Some tools that
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process mtree files may require that multiple lines
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describing the same file occur consecutively. It is not
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permitted for the same file to be mentioned using both a
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relative and a full file specification.
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Special
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commands
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Two special commands are currently defined:
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/set
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This command
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defines default values for one or more keywords. It is
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followed on the same line by one or more
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whitespace-separated keyword definitions. These definitions
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apply to all following files that do not specify a value for
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that keyword.
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/unset
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This command
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removes any default value set by a previous /set
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command. It is followed on the same line by one or more
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keywords separated by whitespace.
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Keywords
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After the filename, a full or relative entry consists of
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zero or more whitespace-separated keyword definitions. Each
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such definition consists of a key from the following list
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immediately followed by an ’=’ sign and a value.
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Software programs reading mtree files should warn about
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unrecognized keywords.
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Currently
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supported keywords are as follows:
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cksum
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The checksum of
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the file using the default algorithm specified by the
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cksum(1) utility.
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device
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The device
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number for block or char file types. The value
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must be one of the following forms:
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format,major,minor[
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,subunit]
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A device with major,
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minor and optional subunit fields. Their
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meaning is specified by the operating’s system
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format. See below for valid formats.
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number
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Opaque number (as stored on the
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file system).
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The following
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values for format are recognized: native,
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386bsd, 4bsd, bsdos, freebsd,
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hpux, isc, linux, netbsd,
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osf1, sco, solaris, sunos,
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svr3, svr4, and ultrix.
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See mknod(8)
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for more details.
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contents
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The full
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pathname of a file that holds the contents of this file.
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flags
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The file flags
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as a symbolic name. See chflags(1) for information on these
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names. If no flags are to be set the string
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’’none’’ may be used to override the
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current default.
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gid
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The file group
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as a numeric value.
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gname
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The file group
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as a symbolic name.
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ignore
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Ignore any file
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hierarchy below this file.
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inode
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The inode
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number.
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link
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The target of
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the symbolic link when type=link.
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md5
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The MD5 message
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digest of the file.
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md5digest
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A synonym for
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md5.
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mode
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The current
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file’s permissions as a numeric (octal) or symbolic
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value.
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nlink
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The number of
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hard links the file is expected to have.
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nochange
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Make sure this
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file or directory exists but otherwise ignore all
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attributes.
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optional
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The file is
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optional; do not complain about the file if it is not in the
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file hierarchy.
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resdevice
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The
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’’resident’’ device number of the
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file, e.g. the ID of the device that contains the file. Its
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format is the same as the one for device.
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ripemd160digest
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The RIPEMD160 message digest of
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the file.
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rmd160
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A synonym for
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ripemd160digest.
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rmd160digest
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A synonym for
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ripemd160digest.
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sha1
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The FIPS 160-1
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(’’SHA-1’’) message digest of the
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file.
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sha1digest
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A synonym for
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sha1.
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sha256
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The FIPS 180-2
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(’’SHA-256’’) message digest of the
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file.
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sha256digest
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A synonym for
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sha256.
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sha384
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The FIPS 180-2
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(’’SHA-384’’) message digest of the
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file.
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sha384digest
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A synonym for
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sha384.
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sha512
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The FIPS 180-2
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(’’SHA-512’’) message digest of the
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file.
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sha512digest
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A synonym for
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sha512.
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size
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The size, in
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bytes, of the file.
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time
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The last
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modification time of the file.
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type
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The type of the
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file; may be set to any one of the following:
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block
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block special
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device
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char
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character
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special device
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dir
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directory
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fifo
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fifo
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file
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regular
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file
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link
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symbolic
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link
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socket
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socket
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uid
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The file owner
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as a numeric value.
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uname
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The file owner
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as a symbolic name.
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SEE ALSO
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cksum(1), find(1), mtree(8)
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BUGS
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HISTORY
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The mtree utility
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appeared in 4.3BSD-Reno. The MD5 digest capability was added
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in FreeBSD 2.1, in response to the widespread use of
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programs which can spoof cksum(1). The SHA-1 and RIPEMD160
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digests were added in FreeBSD 4.0, as new attacks have
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demonstrated weaknesses in MD5. The SHA-256 digest was added
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in FreeBSD 6.0. Support for file flags was added in
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FreeBSD 4.0, and mostly comes from NetBSD. The
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’’full’’ entry format was added by
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NetBSD.
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BSD
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September 4, 2013 BSD
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