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"http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
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<html>
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<head>
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<meta name="generator" content="groff -Thtml, see www.gnu.org">
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<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=US-ASCII">
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<meta name="Content-Style" content="text/css">
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<style type="text/css">
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p { margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; vertical-align: top }
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pre { margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; vertical-align: top }
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table { margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; vertical-align: top }
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h1 { text-align: center }
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</style>
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<title></title>
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</head>
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<body>
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TAR(1) BSD General Commands Manual TAR(1)
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NAME
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tar — manipulate
|
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tape archives
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SYNOPSIS
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tar
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[bundled-flags ⟨
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args ⟩ ] [⟨
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file ⟩ | ⟨
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pattern ⟩ ...]
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tar {-c}
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[options]
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[files | directories]
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tar {-r | -u} -f
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archive-file [options]
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[files | directories]
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tar {-t | -x} [options]
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[patterns]
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DESCRIPTION
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tar creates and
|
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manipulates streaming archive files. This implementation can
|
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extract from tar, pax, cpio, zip, jar, ar, xar, rpm, 7-zip,
|
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and ISO 9660 cdrom images and can create tar, pax, cpio, ar,
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zip, 7-zip, and shar archives.
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The first
|
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synopsis form shows a ’’bundled’’
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option word. This usage is provided for compatibility with
|
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historical implementations. See COMPATIBILITY below for
|
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details.
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The other
|
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synopsis forms show the preferred usage. The first option to
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tar is a mode indicator from the following list:
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-c
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Create a new
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archive containing the specified items. The long option form
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is --create.
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-r
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Like -c,
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but new entries are appended to the archive. Note that this
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only works on uncompressed archives stored in regular files.
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The -f option is required. The long option form is
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--append.
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-t
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List archive
|
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contents to stdout. The long option form is
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--list.
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-u
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Like -r,
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but new entries are added only if they have a modification
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date newer than the corresponding entry in the archive. Note
|
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that this only works on uncompressed archives stored in
|
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regular files. The -f option is required. The long
|
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form is --update.
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-x
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Extract to disk
|
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from the archive. If a file with the same name appears more
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than once in the archive, each copy will be extracted, with
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later copies overwriting (replacing) earlier copies. The
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long option form is --extract.
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In -c,
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-r, or -u mode, each specified file or
|
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08bd4c |
directory is added to the archive in the order specified on
|
|
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the command line. By default, the contents of each directory
|
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are also archived.
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In extract or
|
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list mode, the entire command line is read and parsed before
|
|
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the archive is opened. The pathnames or patterns on the
|
|
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command line indicate which items in the archive should be
|
|
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processed. Patterns are shell-style globbing patterns as
|
|
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documented in tcsh(1).
|
|
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|
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OPTIONS
|
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|
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Unless specifically stated
|
|
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08bd4c |
otherwise, options are applicable in all operating
|
|
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modes.
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|
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@archive
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|
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(c and r modes only) The
|
|
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08bd4c |
specified archive is opened and the entries in it will be
|
|
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08bd4c |
appended to the current archive. As a simple example,
|
|
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08bd4c |
|
|
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tar -c -f -
|
|
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08bd4c |
newfile @original.tar
|
|
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|
|
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writes a new archive to
|
|
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08bd4c |
standard output containing a file newfile and all of
|
|
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08bd4c |
the entries from original.tar. In contrast,
|
|
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08bd4c |
|
|
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tar -c -f - newfile
|
|
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08bd4c |
original.tar
|
|
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|
|
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creates a new archive with only
|
|
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08bd4c |
two entries. Similarly,
|
|
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08bd4c |
|
|
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08bd4c |
tar -czf -
|
|
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08bd4c |
--format pax @-
|
|
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08bd4c |
|
|
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08bd4c |
reads an archive from standard
|
|
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08bd4c |
input (whose format will be determined automatically) and
|
|
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08bd4c |
converts it into a gzip-compressed pax-format archive on
|
|
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08bd4c |
stdout. In this way, tar can be used to convert
|
|
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08bd4c |
archives from one format to another.
|
|
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08bd4c |
|
|
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08bd4c |
-a,
|
|
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08bd4c |
--auto-compress
|
|
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08bd4c |
|
|
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08bd4c |
(c mode only) Use the archive
|
|
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08bd4c |
suffix to decide a set of the format and the compressions.
|
|
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08bd4c |
As a simple example,
|
|
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08bd4c |
|
|
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08bd4c |
tar -a -cf
|
|
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08bd4c |
archive.tgz source.c source.h
|
|
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08bd4c |
|
|
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08bd4c |
creates a new archive with
|
|
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08bd4c |
restricted pax format and gzip compression,
|
|
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08bd4c |
|
|
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08bd4c |
tar -a -cf
|
|
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08bd4c |
archive.tar.bz2.uu source.c source.h
|
|
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08bd4c |
|
|
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08bd4c |
creates a new archive with
|
|
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08bd4c |
restricted pax format and bzip2 compression and uuencode
|
|
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08bd4c |
compression,
|
|
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08bd4c |
|
|
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08bd4c |
tar -a -cf
|
|
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08bd4c |
archive.zip source.c source.h
|
|
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08bd4c |
|
|
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08bd4c |
creates a new archive with zip
|
|
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08bd4c |
format,
|
|
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08bd4c |
|
|
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08bd4c |
tar -a -jcf
|
|
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08bd4c |
archive.tgz source.c source.h
|
|
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08bd4c |
|
|
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08bd4c |
ignores the
|
|
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08bd4c |
’’-j’’ option, and creates a new
|
|
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08bd4c |
archive with restricted pax format and gzip compression,
|
|
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08bd4c |
|
|
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08bd4c |
tar -a -jcf
|
|
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08bd4c |
archive.xxx source.c source.h
|
|
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08bd4c |
|
|
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08bd4c |
if it is unknown suffix or no
|
|
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08bd4c |
suffix, creates a new archive with restricted pax format and
|
|
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08bd4c |
bzip2 compression.
|
|
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08bd4c |
|
|
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08bd4c |
--acls
|
|
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08bd4c |
|
|
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08bd4c |
(c, r, u, x
|
|
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08bd4c |
modes only) Archive or extract POSIX.1e or NFSv4 ACLs. This
|
|
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08bd4c |
is the reverse of --no-acls and the default behavior
|
|
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08bd4c |
in c, r, and u modes (except on Mac OS X) or if tar
|
|
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08bd4c |
is run in x mode as root. On Mac OS X this option translates
|
|
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08bd4c |
extended ACLs to NFSv4 ACLs. To store extended ACLs the
|
|
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08bd4c |
--mac-metadata option is preferred.
|
|
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08bd4c |
|
|
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08bd4c |
-B,
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
--read-full-blocks
|
|
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08bd4c |
|
|
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08bd4c |
Ignored for compatibility with
|
|
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08bd4c |
other tar(1) implementations.
|
|
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08bd4c |
|
|
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08bd4c |
-b blocksize,
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
--block-size blocksize
|
|
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08bd4c |
|
|
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08bd4c |
Specify the block size, in
|
|
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08bd4c |
512-byte records, for tape drive I/O. As a rule, this
|
|
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08bd4c |
argument is only needed when reading from or writing to tape
|
|
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08bd4c |
drives, and usually not even then as the default block size
|
|
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08bd4c |
of 20 records (10240 bytes) is very common.
|
|
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08bd4c |
|
|
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08bd4c |
-C directory,
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
--cd directory, --directory
|
|
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08bd4c |
directory
|
|
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08bd4c |
|
|
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08bd4c |
In c and r mode, this changes
|
|
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08bd4c |
the directory before adding the following files. In x mode,
|
|
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08bd4c |
change directories after opening the archive but before
|
|
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08bd4c |
extracting entries from the archive.
|
|
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08bd4c |
|
|
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08bd4c |
--chroot
|
|
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08bd4c |
|
|
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08bd4c |
(x mode only) chroot()
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
to the current directory after processing any -C
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
options and before extracting any files.
|
|
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08bd4c |
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
--clear-nochange-fflags
|
|
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08bd4c |
|
|
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08bd4c |
(x mode only) Before removing
|
|
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08bd4c |
file system objects to replace them, clear platform-specific
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
file flags that might prevent removal.
|
|
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08bd4c |
|
|
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08bd4c |
--exclude
|
|
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08bd4c |
pattern
|
|
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08bd4c |
|
|
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08bd4c |
Do not process files or
|
|
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08bd4c |
directories that match the specified pattern. Note that
|
|
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08bd4c |
exclusions take precedence over patterns or filenames
|
|
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08bd4c |
specified on the command line.
|
|
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08bd4c |
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
--fflags
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
|
|
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08bd4c |
(c, r, u, x modes only) Archive
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
or extract file flags. This is the reverse of
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
--no-fflags and the default behavior in c, r, and u
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
modes or if tar is run in x mode as root.
|
|
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08bd4c |
|
|
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08bd4c |
--format
|
|
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08bd4c |
format
|
|
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08bd4c |
|
|
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08bd4c |
(c, r, u mode only) Use the
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
specified format for the created archive. Supported formats
|
|
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08bd4c |
include ’’cpio’’,
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
’’pax’’,
|
|
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08bd4c |
’’shar’’, and
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
’’ustar’’. Other formats may also be
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
supported; see libarchive-formats(5) for more information
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
about currently-supported formats. In r and u modes, when
|
|
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08bd4c |
extending an existing archive, the format specified here
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
must be compatible with the format of the existing archive
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
on disk.
|
|
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08bd4c |
|
|
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08bd4c |
-f file,
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
--file file
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
Read the archive from or write
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
the archive to the specified file. The filename can be
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
- for standard input or standard output. The default
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
varies by system; on FreeBSD, the default is
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
/dev/sa0; on Linux, the default is
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
/dev/st0.
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
--gid id
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
Use the provided group id
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
number. On extract, this overrides the group id in the
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
archive; the group name in the archive will be ignored. On
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
create, this overrides the group id read from disk; if
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
--gname is not also specified, the group name will be
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
set to match the group id.
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
--gname name
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
Use the provided group name. On
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
extract, this overrides the group name in the archive; if
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
the provided group name does not exist on the system, the
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
group id (from the archive or from the --gid option)
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
will be used instead. On create, this sets the group name
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
that will be stored in the archive; the name will not be
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
verified against the system group database.
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
-H
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
(c and r modes
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
only) Symbolic links named on the command line will be
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
followed; the target of the link will be archived, not the
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
link itself.
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
-h
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
(c and r modes
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
only) Synonym for -L.
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
-I
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
Synonym for
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
-T.
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
--help
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
Show usage.
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
--hfsCompression
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
(x mode only) Mac OS X specific
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
(v10.6 or later). Compress extracted regular files with HFS+
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
compression.
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
--ignore-zeros
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
An alias of --options
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
read_concatenated_archives for compatibility with GNU
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
tar.
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
--include
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
pattern
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
Process only files or
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
directories that match the specified pattern. Note that
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
exclusions specified with --exclude take precedence
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
over inclusions. If no inclusions are explicitly specified,
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
all entries are processed by default. The --include
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
option is especially useful when filtering archives. For
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
example, the command
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
tar -c -f new.tar
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
--include=’*foo*’ @old.tgz
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
creates a new archive
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
new.tar containing only the entries from
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
old.tgz containing the string ’foo’.
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
-J, --xz
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
(c mode only) Compress the
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
resulting archive with xz(1). In extract or list modes, this
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
option is ignored. Note that, unlike other tar
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
implementations, this implementation recognizes XZ
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
compression automatically when reading archives.
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
-j, --bzip,
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
--bzip2, --bunzip2
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
(c mode only) Compress the
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
resulting archive with bzip2(1). In extract or list modes,
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
this option is ignored. Note that, unlike other tar
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
implementations, this implementation recognizes bzip2
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
compression automatically when reading archives.
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
-k,
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
--keep-old-files
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
(x mode only) Do not overwrite
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
existing files. In particular, if a file appears more than
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
once in an archive, later copies will not overwrite earlier
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
copies.
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
--keep-newer-files
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
(x mode only) Do not overwrite
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
existing files that are newer than the versions appearing in
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
the archive being extracted.
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
-L,
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
--dereference
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
(c and r modes only) All
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
symbolic links will be followed. Normally, symbolic links
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
are archived as such. With this option, the target of the
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
link will be archived instead.
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
-l,
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
--check-links
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
(c and r modes only) Issue a
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
warning message unless all links to each file are
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
archived.
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
--lrzip
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
(c mode only) Compress the
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
resulting archive with lrzip(1). In extract or list modes,
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
this option is ignored.
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
--lz4
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
(c mode only)
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
Compress the archive with lz4-compatible compression before
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
writing it. In input mode, this option is ignored; lz4
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
compression is recognized automatically on input.
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
--lzma
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
(c mode only)
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
Compress the resulting archive with the original LZMA
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
algorithm. Use of this option is discouraged and new
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
archives should be created with --xz instead. Note
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
that, unlike other tar implementations, this
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
implementation recognizes LZMA compression automatically
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
when reading archives.
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
--lzop
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
(c mode only)
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
Compress the resulting archive with lzop(1). In extract or
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
list modes, this option is ignored.
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
-m,
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
--modification-time
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
(x mode only) Do not extract
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
modification time. By default, the modification time is set
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
to the time stored in the archive.
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
--mac-metadata
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
(c, r, u and x mode only) Mac
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
OS X specific. Archive or extract extended ACLs and extended
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
attributes using copyfile(3) in AppleDouble format. This is
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
the reverse of --no-mac-metadata. and the default
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
behavior in c, r, and u modes or if tar is run in x
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
mode as root.
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
-n, --norecurse,
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
--no-recursion
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
(c, r, u modes only) Do not
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
recursively archive the contents of directories.
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
--newer date
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
(c, r, u modes only) Only
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
include files and directories newer than the specified date.
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
This compares ctime entries.
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
--newer-mtime
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
date
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
(c, r, u modes only) Like
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
--newer, except it compares mtime entries instead of
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
ctime entries.
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
--newer-than
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
file
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
(c, r, u modes only) Only
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
include files and directories newer than the specified file.
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
This compares ctime entries.
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
--newer-mtime-than
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
file
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
(c, r, u modes only) Like
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
--newer-than, except it compares mtime entries
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
instead of ctime entries.
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
--nodump
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
(c and r modes only) Honor the
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
nodump file flag by skipping this file.
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
--nopreserveHFSCompression
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
(x mode only) Mac OS X specific
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
(v10.6 or later). Do not compress extracted regular files
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
which were compressed with HFS+ compression before archived.
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
By default, compress the regular files again with HFS+
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
compression.
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
--null
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
(use with
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
-I or -T) Filenames or patterns are separated
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
by null characters, not by newlines. This is often used to
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
read filenames output by the -print0 option to
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
find(1).
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
--no-acls
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
(c, r, u, x modes only) Do not
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
archive or extract POSIX.1e or NFSv4 ACLs. This is the
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
reverse of --acls and the default behavior if
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
tar is run as non-root in x mode (on Mac OS X as any
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
user in c, r, u and x modes).
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
--no-fflags
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
(c, r, u, x modes only) Do not
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
archive or extract file flags. This is the reverse of
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
--fflags and the default behavior if tar is
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
run as non-root in x mode.
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
--no-mac-metadata
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
(x mode only) Mac OS X
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
specific. Do not archive or extract ACLs and extended
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
attributes using copyfile(3) in AppleDouble format. This is
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
the reverse of --mac-metadata. and the default
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
behavior if tar is run as non-root in x mode.
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
-n, --norecurse,
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
--no-recursion
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
--no-same-owner
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
(x mode only) Do not extract
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
owner and group IDs. This is the reverse of
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
--same-owner and the default behavior if tar
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
is run as non-root.
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
--no-same-permissions
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
(x mode only) Do not extract
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
full permissions (SGID, SUID, sticky bit, ACLs, extended
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
attributes or extended file flags). This is the reverse of
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
-p and the default behavior if tar is run as
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
non-root.
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
--no-xattrs
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
(c, r, u, x modes only) Do not
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
archive or extract extended attributes. This is the reverse
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
of --xattrs and the default behavior if tar is
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
run as non-root in x mode.
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
--numeric-owner
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
This is equivalent to
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
--uname "" --gname "". On
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
extract, it causes user and group names in the archive to be
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
ignored in favor of the numeric user and group ids. On
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
create, it causes user and group names to not be stored in
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
the archive.
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
-O,
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
--to-stdout
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
(x, t modes only) In extract
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
(-x) mode, files will be written to standard out rather than
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
being extracted to disk. In list (-t) mode, the file listing
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
will be written to stderr rather than the usual stdout.
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
-o
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
(x mode) Use
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
the user and group of the user running the program rather
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
than those specified in the archive. Note that this has no
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
significance unless -p is specified, and the program
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
is being run by the root user. In this case, the file modes
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
and flags from the archive will be restored, but ACLs or
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
owner information in the archive will be discarded.
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
-o
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
(c, r, u mode)
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
A synonym for --format ustar
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
--older date
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
(c, r, u modes only) Only
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
include files and directories older than the specified date.
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
This compares ctime entries.
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
--older-mtime
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
date
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
(c, r, u modes only) Like
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
--older, except it compares mtime entries instead of
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
ctime entries.
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
--older-than
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
file
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
(c, r, u modes only) Only
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
include files and directories older than the specified file.
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
This compares ctime entries.
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
--older-mtime-than
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
file
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
(c, r, u modes only) Like
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
--older-than, except it compares mtime entries
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
instead of ctime entries.
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
--one-file-system
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
(c, r, and u modes) Do not
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
cross mount points.
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
--options
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
options
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
Select optional behaviors for
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
particular modules. The argument is a text string containing
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
comma-separated keywords and values. These are passed to the
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
modules that handle particular formats to control how those
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
formats will behave. Each option has one of the following
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
forms:
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
key=value
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
The key will be set to the
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
specified value in every module that supports it. Modules
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
that do not support this key will ignore it.
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
key
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
The key will be
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
enabled in every module that supports it. This is equivalent
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
to key=1.
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
!key
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
The key will be
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
disabled in every module that supports it.
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
module:key=value, module:key,
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
module:!key
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
As above, but the corresponding
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
key and value will be provided only to modules whose name
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
matches module.
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
The currently supported modules
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
and keys are:
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
iso9660:joliet
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
Support Joliet extensions. This
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
is enabled by default, use !joliet or
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
iso9660:!joliet to disable.
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
iso9660:rockridge
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
Support Rock Ridge extensions.
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
This is enabled by default, use !rockridge or
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
iso9660:!rockridge to disable.
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
gzip:compression-level
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
A decimal integer from 1 to 9
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
specifying the gzip compression level.
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
gzip:timestamp
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
Store timestamp. This is
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
enabled by default, use !timestamp or
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
gzip:!timestamp to disable.
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
lrzip:compression=type
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
Use type as compression
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
method. Supported values are bzip2, gzip, lzo (ultra fast),
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
and zpaq (best, extremely slow).
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
lrzip:compression-level
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
A decimal integer from 1 to 9
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
specifying the lrzip compression level.
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
lz4:compression-level
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
A decimal integer from 1 to 9
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
specifying the lzop compression level.
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
lz4:stream-checksum
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
Enable stream checksum. This is
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
by default, use lz4:!stream-checksum to disable.
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
lz4:block-checksum
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
Enable block checksum (Disabled
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
by default).
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
lz4:block-size
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
A decimal integer from 4 to 7
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
specifying the lz4 compression block size (7 is set by
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
default).
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
lz4:block-dependence
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
Use the previous block of the
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
block being compressed for a compression dictionary to
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
improve compression ratio.
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
lzop:compression-level
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
A decimal integer from 1 to 9
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
specifying the lzop compression level.
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
xz:compression-level
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
A decimal integer from 0 to 9
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
specifying the xz compression level.
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
mtree:keyword
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
The mtree writer module allows
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
you to specify which mtree keywords will be included in the
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
output. Supported keywords include: cksum,
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
device, flags, gid, gname,
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
indent, link, md5, mode,
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
nlink, rmd160, sha1, sha256,
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
sha384, sha512, size, time,
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
uid, uname. The default is equivalent to:
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
’’device, flags, gid, gname, link, mode, nlink,
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
size, time, type, uid, uname’’.
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
mtree:all
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
Enables all of the above
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
keywords. You can also use mtree:!all to disable all
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
keywords.
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
mtree:use-set
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
Enable generation of
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
/set lines in the output.
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
mtree:indent
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
Produce human-readable output
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
by indenting options and splitting lines to fit into 80
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
columns.
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
zip:compression=type
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
Use type as compression
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
method. Supported values are store (uncompressed) and
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
deflate (gzip algorithm).
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
zip:encryption
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
Enable encryption using
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
traditional zip encryption.
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
zip:encryption=type
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
Use type as encryption
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
type. Supported values are zipcrypt (traditional zip
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
encryption), aes128 (WinZip AES-128 encryption) and aes256
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
(WinZip AES-256 encryption).
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
read_concatenated_archives
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
Ignore zeroed blocks in the
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
archive, which occurs when multiple tar archives have been
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
concatenated together. Without this option, only the
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
contents of the first concatenated archive would be read.
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
This option is comparable to the -i,
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
--ignore-zeros option of GNU tar.
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
If a provided option is not
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
supported by any module, that is a fatal error.
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
-P,
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
--absolute-paths
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
Preserve pathnames. By default,
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
absolute pathnames (those that begin with a / character)
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
have the leading slash removed both when creating archives
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
and extracting from them. Also, tar will refuse to
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
extract archive entries whose pathnames contain .. or
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
whose target directory would be altered by a symlink. This
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
option suppresses these behaviors.
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
-p, --insecure,
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
--preserve-permissions
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
(x mode only) Preserve file
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
permissions. Attempt to restore the full permissions,
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
including owner, file modes, ACLs, extended attributes and
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
extended file flags, if available, for each item extracted
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
from the archive. This is te reverse of
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
--no-same-permissions and the default if tar
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
is being run by root and can be partially overridden by also
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
specifying --no-acls, --no-fflags,
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
--no-mac-metadata or --no-xattrs.
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
--passphrase
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
passphrase
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
The passphrase is used
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
to extract or create an encrypted archive. Currently, zip is
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
the only supported format that supports encryption. You
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
shouldn’t use this option unless you realize how
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
insecure use of this option is.
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
--posix
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
(c, r, u mode only) Synonym for
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
--format pax
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
-q,
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
--fast-read
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
(x and t mode only) Extract or
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
list only the first archive entry that matches each pattern
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
or filename operand. Exit as soon as each specified pattern
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
or filename has been matched. By default, the archive is
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
always read to the very end, since there can be multiple
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
entries with the same name and, by convention, later entries
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
overwrite earlier entries. This option is provided as a
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
performance optimization.
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
-S
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
(x mode only)
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
Extract files as sparse files. For every block on disk,
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
check first if it contains only NULL bytes and seek over it
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
otherwise. This works similar to the conv=sparse option of
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
dd.
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
-s pattern
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
Modify file or archive member
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
names according to pattern. The pattern has the
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
format /old/new/[ghHprRsS] where old is a
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
basic regular expression, new is the replacement
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
string of the matched part, and the optional trailing
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
letters modify how the replacement is handled. If old
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
is not matched, the pattern is skipped. Within new, ~
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
is substituted with the match, \1 to \9 with the content of
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
the corresponding captured group. The optional trailing g
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
specifies that matching should continue after the matched
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
part and stop on the first unmatched pattern. The optional
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
trailing s specifies that the pattern applies to the value
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
of symbolic links. The optional trailing p specifies that
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
after a successful substitution the original path name and
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
the new path name should be printed to standard error.
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
Optional trailing H, R, or S characters suppress
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
substitutions for hardlink targets, regular filenames, or
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
symlink targets, respectively. Optional trailing h, r, or s
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
characters enable substitutions for hardlink targets,
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
regular filenames, or symlink targets, respectively. The
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
default is hrs which applies substitutions to all
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
names. In particular, it is never necessary to specify h, r,
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
or s.
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
--same-owner
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
(x mode only) Extract owner and
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
group IDs. This is the reverse of --no-same-owner and
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
the default behavior if tar is run as root.
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
--strip-components
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
count
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
Remove the specified number of
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
leading path elements. Pathnames with fewer elements will be
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
silently skipped. Note that the pathname is edited after
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
checking inclusion/exclusion patterns but before security
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
checks.
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
-T filename,
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
--files-from filename
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
In x or t mode, tar will
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
read the list of names to be extracted from filename.
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
In c mode, tar will read names to be archived from
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
filename. The special name
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
’’-C’’ on a line by itself will
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
cause the current directory to be changed to the directory
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
specified on the following line. Names are terminated by
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
newlines unless --null is specified. Note that
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
--null also disables the special handling of lines
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
containing ’’-C’’. Note: If you are
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
generating lists of files using find(1), you probably want
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
to use -n as well.
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
--totals
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
(c, r, u modes only) After
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
archiving all files, print a summary to stderr.
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
-U, --unlink,
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
--unlink-first
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
(x mode only) Unlink files
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
before creating them. This can be a minor performance
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
optimization if most files already exist, but can make
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
things slower if most files do not already exist. This flag
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
also causes tar to remove intervening directory
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
symlinks instead of reporting an error. See the SECURITY
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
section below for more details.
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
--uid id
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
Use the provided user id number
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
and ignore the user name from the archive. On create, if
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
--uname is not also specified, the user name will be
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
set to match the user id.
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
--uname name
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
Use the provided user name. On
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
extract, this overrides the user name in the archive; if the
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
provided user name does not exist on the system, it will be
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
ignored and the user id (from the archive or from the
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
--uid option) will be used instead. On create, this
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
sets the user name that will be stored in the archive; the
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
name is not verified against the system user database.
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
--use-compress-program
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
program
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
Pipe the input (in x or t mode)
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
or the output (in c mode) through program instead of
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
using the builtin compression support.
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
-v, --verbose
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
Produce verbose output. In
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
create and extract modes, tar will list each file
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
name as it is read from or written to the archive. In list
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
mode, tar will produce output similar to that of
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
ls(1). An additional -v option will also provide
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
ls-like details in create and extract mode.
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
--version
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
Print version of tar and
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
libarchive, and exit.
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
-w,
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
--confirmation, --interactive
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
Ask for confirmation for every
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
action.
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
-X filename,
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
--exclude-from filename
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
Read a list of exclusion
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
patterns from the specified file. See --exclude for
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
more information about the handling of exclusions.
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
--xattrs
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
(c, r, u, x modes only) Archive
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
or extract extended attributes. This is the reverse of
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
--no-xattrs and the default behavior in c, r, and u
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
modes or if tar is run in x mode as root.
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
-y
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
(c mode only)
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
Compress the resulting archive with bzip2(1). In extract or
|
|
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08bd4c |
list modes, this option is ignored. Note that, unlike other
|
|
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08bd4c |
tar implementations, this implementation recognizes
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
bzip2 compression automatically when reading archives.
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
-Z, --compress,
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
--uncompress
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
|
|
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08bd4c |
(c mode only) Compress the
|
|
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08bd4c |
resulting archive with compress(1). In extract or list
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
modes, this option is ignored. Note that, unlike other
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
tar implementations, this implementation recognizes
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
compress compression automatically when reading
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
archives.
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
|
|
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08bd4c |
-z, --gunzip,
|
|
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08bd4c |
--gzip
|
|
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08bd4c |
|
|
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08bd4c |
(c mode only) Compress the
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
resulting archive with gzip(1). In extract or list modes,
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
this option is ignored. Note that, unlike other tar
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
implementations, this implementation recognizes gzip
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
compression automatically when reading archives.
|
|
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08bd4c |
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
ENVIRONMENT
|
|
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08bd4c |
|
|
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08bd4c |
The following environment
|
|
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08bd4c |
variables affect the execution of tar:
|
|
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08bd4c |
|
|
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08bd4c |
TAR_READER_OPTIONS
|
|
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08bd4c |
|
|
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08bd4c |
The default options for format
|
|
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08bd4c |
readers and compression readers. The --options option
|
|
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08bd4c |
overrides this.
|
|
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08bd4c |
|
|
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08bd4c |
TAR_WRITER_OPTIONS
|
|
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08bd4c |
|
|
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08bd4c |
The default options for format
|
|
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08bd4c |
writers and compression writers. The --options option
|
|
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08bd4c |
overrides this.
|
|
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08bd4c |
|
|
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08bd4c |
LANG
|
|
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08bd4c |
|
|
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08bd4c |
The locale to
|
|
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08bd4c |
use. See environ(7) for more information.
|
|
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08bd4c |
|
|
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08bd4c |
TAPE
|
|
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08bd4c |
|
|
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08bd4c |
The default
|
|
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08bd4c |
device. The -f option overrides this. Please see the
|
|
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08bd4c |
description of the -f option above for more
|
|
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08bd4c |
details.
|
|
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08bd4c |
|
|
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08bd4c |
TZ
|
|
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08bd4c |
|
|
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08bd4c |
The timezone to
|
|
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08bd4c |
use when displaying dates. See environ(7) for more
|
|
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08bd4c |
information.
|
|
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08bd4c |
|
|
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08bd4c |
EXIT STATUS
|
|
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08bd4c |
|
|
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08bd4c |
The tar utility
|
|
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08bd4c |
exits 0 on success, and >0 if an error
|
|
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08bd4c |
occurs.
|
|
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08bd4c |
|
|
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08bd4c |
EXAMPLES
|
|
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08bd4c |
|
|
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08bd4c |
The following creates a new
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
archive called file.tar.gz that contains two files
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
source.c and source.h:
|
|
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08bd4c |
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
tar -czf file.tar.gz
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
source.c source.h
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
|
|
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08bd4c |
To view a
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
detailed table of contents for this archive:
|
|
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08bd4c |
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
tar -tvf
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
file.tar.gz
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
|
|
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08bd4c |
To extract all
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
entries from the archive on the default tape drive:
|
|
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08bd4c |
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
tar -x
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
To examine the
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
contents of an ISO 9660 cdrom image:
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
|
|
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08bd4c |
tar -tf
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
image.iso
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
|
|
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08bd4c |
To move file
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
hierarchies, invoke tar as
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
tar -cf -
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
-C srcdir . | tar -xpf -
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
-C destdir
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
or more traditionally
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
cd srcdir ; tar -cf
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
- . | (cd destdir ; tar -xpf
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
-)
|
|
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08bd4c |
|
|
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08bd4c |
In create mode,
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
the list of files and directories to be archived can also
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
include directory change instructions of the form
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
-Cfoo/baz and archive inclusions of the form
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
@archive-file. For example, the command
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
line
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
tar -c -f new.tar
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
foo1 @old.tgz -C/tmp
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
foo2
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
will create a new archive
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
new.tar. tar will read the file foo1
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
from the current directory and add it to the output archive.
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
It will then read each entry from old.tgz and add
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
those entries to the output archive. Finally, it will switch
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
to the /tmp directory and add foo2 to the
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
output archive.
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
An input file in
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
mtree(5) format can be used to create an output archive with
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
arbitrary ownership, permissions, or names that differ from
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
existing data on disk:
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
$ cat
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
input.mtree
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
#mtree
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
usr/bin uid=0 gid=0 mode=0755 type=dir
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
usr/bin/ls uid=0 gid=0 mode=0755 type=file content=myls
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
$ tar -cvf output.tar @input.mtree
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
The
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
--newer and --newer-mtime switches accept a
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
variety of common date and time specifications, including
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
’’12 Mar 2005 7:14:29pm’’,
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
’’2005-03-12 19:14’’,
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
’’5 minutes ago’’, and
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
’’19:14 PST May 1’’.
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
The
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
--options argument can be used to control various
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
details of archive generation or reading. For example, you
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
can generate mtree output which only contains type,
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
time, and uid keywords:
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
tar -cf file.tar
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
--format=mtree
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
--options=’!all,type,time,uid’
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
dir
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
or you can set the compression
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
level used by gzip or xz compression:
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
tar -czf file.tar
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
--options=’compression-level=9’.
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
For more details, see the
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
explanation of the archive_read_set_options() and
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
archive_write_set_options() API calls that are
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
described in archive_read(3) and archive_write(3).
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
COMPATIBILITY
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
The bundled-arguments format is
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
supported for compatibility with historic implementations.
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
It consists of an initial word (with no leading - character)
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
in which each character indicates an option. Arguments
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
follow as separate words. The order of the arguments must
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
match the order of the corresponding characters in the
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
bundled command word. For example,
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
tar tbf 32
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
file.tar
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
specifies three flags t,
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
b, and f. The b and f flags both
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
require arguments, so there must be two additional items on
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
the command line. The 32 is the argument to the
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
b flag, and file.tar is the argument to the
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
f flag.
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
The mode options
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
c, r, t, u, and x and the options b, f, l, m, o, v, and w
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
comply with SUSv2.
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
For maximum
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
portability, scripts that invoke tar should use the
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
bundled-argument format above, should limit themselves to
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
the c, t, and x modes, and the
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
b, f, m, v, and w
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
options.
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
Additional long
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
options are provided to improve compatibility with other tar
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
implementations.
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
SECURITY
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
Certain security issues are
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
common to many archiving programs, including tar. In
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
particular, carefully-crafted archives can request that
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
tar extract files to locations outside of the target
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
directory. This can potentially be used to cause unwitting
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
users to overwrite files they did not intend to overwrite.
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
If the archive is being extracted by the superuser, any file
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
on the system can potentially be overwritten. There are
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
three ways this can happen. Although tar has
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
mechanisms to protect against each one, savvy users should
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
be aware of the implications:
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
•
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
Archive entries can have
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
absolute pathnames. By default, tar removes the
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
leading / character from filenames before restoring
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
them to guard against this problem.
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
•
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
Archive entries can have
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
pathnames that include .. components. By default,
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
tar will not extract files containing ..
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
components in their pathname.
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
•
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
Archive entries can exploit
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
symbolic links to restore files to other directories. An
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
archive can restore a symbolic link to another directory,
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
then use that link to restore a file into that directory. To
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
guard against this, tar checks each extracted path
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
for symlinks. If the final path element is a symlink, it
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
will be removed and replaced with the archive entry. If
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
-U is specified, any intermediate symlink will also
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
be unconditionally removed. If neither -U nor
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
-P is specified, tar will refuse to extract
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
the entry.
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
To protect yourself, you should
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
be wary of any archives that come from untrusted sources.
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
You should examine the contents of an archive with
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
tar -tf
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
filename
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
before extraction. You should
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
use the -k option to ensure that tar will not
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
overwrite any existing files or the -U option to
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
remove any pre-existing files. You should generally not
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
extract archives while running with super-user privileges.
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
Note that the -P option to tar disables the
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
security checks above and allows you to extract an archive
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
while preserving any absolute pathnames, ..
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
components, or symlinks to other directories.
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
SEE ALSO
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
bzip2(1), compress(1), cpio(1),
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
gzip(1), mt(1), pax(1), shar(1), xz(1), libarchive(3),
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
libarchive-formats(5), tar(5)
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
STANDARDS
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
There is no current POSIX
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
standard for the tar command; it appeared in ISO/IEC
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
9945-1:1996 (’’POSIX.1’’) but was
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
dropped from IEEE Std 1003.1-2001
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
(’’POSIX.1’’). The options supported
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
by this implementation were developed by surveying a number
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
of existing tar implementations as well as the old POSIX
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
specification for tar and the current POSIX specification
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
for pax.
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
The ustar and
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
pax interchange file formats are defined by IEEE Std
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
1003.1-2001 (’’POSIX.1’’) for the
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
pax command.
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
HISTORY
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
A tar command appeared in
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
Seventh Edition Unix, which was released in January, 1979.
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
There have been numerous other implementations, many of
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
which extended the file format. John Gilmore’s
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
pdtar public-domain implementation (circa November,
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
1987) was quite influential, and formed the basis of GNU
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
tar. GNU tar was included as the standard system tar in
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
FreeBSD beginning with FreeBSD 1.0.
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
This is a
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
complete re-implementation based on the libarchive(3)
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
library. It was first released with FreeBSD 5.4 in May,
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
2005.
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
BUGS
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
This program follows ISO/IEC
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
9945-1:1996 (’’POSIX.1’’) for the
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
definition of the -l option. Note that GNU tar prior
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
to version 1.15 treated -l as a synonym for the
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
--one-file-system option.
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
The -C
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
dir option may differ from historic
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
implementations.
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
All archive
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
output is written in correctly-sized blocks, even if the
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
output is being compressed. Whether or not the last output
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
block is padded to a full block size varies depending on the
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
format and the output device. For tar and cpio formats, the
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
last block of output is padded to a full block size if the
|
|
Packit |
08bd4c |
output is being written to standard output or to a character
|
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or block device such as a tape drive. If the output is being
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written to a regular file, the last block will not be
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padded. Many compressors, including gzip(1) and bzip2(1),
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complain about the null padding when decompressing an
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archive created by tar, although they still extract
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it correctly.
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The compression
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and decompression is implemented internally, so there may be
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insignificant differences between the compressed output
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generated by
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|
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tar -czf -
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file
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and that generated by
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|
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tar -cf - file |
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gzip
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|
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The default
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should be to read and write archives to the standard I/O
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|
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paths, but tradition (and POSIX) dictates otherwise.
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The r and
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|
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u modes require that the archive be uncompressed and
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located in a regular file on disk. Other archives can be
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|
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modified using c mode with the @archive-file
|
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extension.
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To archive a
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|
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file called @foo or -foo you must specify it
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|
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as ./@foo or ./-foo, respectively.
|
|
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|
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In create mode,
|
|
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a leading ./ is always removed. A leading / is
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|
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stripped unless the -P option is specified.
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|
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There needs to
|
|
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be better support for file selection on both create and
|
|
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extract.
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|
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There is not yet
|
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any support for multi-volume archives.
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|
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Converting
|
|
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between dissimilar archive formats (such as tar and cpio)
|
|
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using the @- convention can cause hard link
|
|
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information to be lost. (This is a consequence of the
|
|
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incompatible ways that different archive formats store
|
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hardlink information.)
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BSD
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February 25, 2017 BSD
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</body>
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</html>
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