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CPIO(1) BSD General Commands Manual CPIO(1)
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NAME
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cpio — copy files
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to and from archives
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SYNOPSIS
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cpio -i [options]
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[pattern ...] [< archive]
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cpio -o [options] < name-list
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[> archive]
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cpio -p [options] dest-dir <
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name-list
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DESCRIPTION
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cpio copies files between
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archives and directories. This implementation can extract
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from tar, pax, cpio, zip, jar, ar, and ISO 9660 cdrom images
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and can create tar, pax, cpio, ar, and shar archives.
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The first option
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to cpio is a mode indicator from the following
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list:
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-i
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Input. Read an
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archive from standard input (unless overridden) and extract
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the contents to disk or (if the -t option is
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specified) list the contents to standard output. If one or
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more file patterns are specified, only files matching one of
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the patterns will be extracted.
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-o
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Output. Read a
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list of filenames from standard input and produce a new
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archive on standard output (unless overridden) containing
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the specified items.
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-p
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Pass-through.
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Read a list of filenames from standard input and copy the
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files to the specified directory.
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OPTIONS
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Unless specifically stated
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otherwise, options are applicable in all operating
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modes.
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-0, --null
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Read filenames separated by NUL
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characters instead of newlines. This is necessary if any of
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the filenames being read might contain newlines.
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-A
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(o mode only)
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Append to the specified archive. (Not yet implemented.)
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-a
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(o and p modes)
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Reset access times on files after they are read.
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-B
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(o mode only)
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Block output to records of 5120 bytes.
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-C size
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(o mode only) Block output to
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records of size bytes.
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-c
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(o mode only)
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Use the old POSIX portable character format. Equivalent to
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--format odc.
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-d,
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--make-directories
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(i and p modes) Create
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directories as necessary.
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-E file
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(i mode only) Read list of file
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name patterns from file to list and extract.
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-F file,
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--file file
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Read archive from or write
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archive to file.
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-f pattern
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(i mode only) Ignore files that
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match pattern.
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-H format,
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--format format
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(o mode only) Produce the
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output archive in the specified format. Supported formats
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include:
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cpio
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Synonym for
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odc.
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newc
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The SVR4
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portable cpio format.
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odc
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The old POSIX.1
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portable octet-oriented cpio format.
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pax
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The POSIX.1 pax
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format, an extension of the ustar format.
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ustar
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The POSIX.1 tar
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format.
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The default
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format is odc. See libarchive-formats(5) for more
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complete information about the formats currently supported
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by the underlying libarchive(3) library.
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-h, --help
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Print usage information.
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-I file
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Read archive from
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file.
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-i, --extract
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Input mode. See above for
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description.
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--insecure
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(i and p mode only) Disable
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security checks during extraction or copying. This allows
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extraction via symbolic links, absolute paths, and path
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names containing ’..’ in the name.
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-J, --xz
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(o mode only) Compress the file
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with xz-compatible compression before writing it. In input
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mode, this option is ignored; xz compression is recognized
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automatically on input.
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-j
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Synonym for
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-y.
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-L
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(o and p modes)
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All symbolic links will be followed. Normally, symbolic
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links are archived and copied as symbolic links. With this
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option, the target of the link will be archived or copied
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instead.
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-l, --link
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(p mode only) Create links from
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the target directory to the original files, instead of
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copying.
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--lrzip
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(o mode only) Compress the
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resulting archive with lrzip(1). In input mode, this option
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is ignored.
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--lz4
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(o mode only)
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Compress the archive with lz4-compatible compression before
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writing it. In input mode, this option is ignored; lz4
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compression is recognized automatically on input.
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--zstd
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(o mode only)
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Compress the archive with zstd-compatible compression before
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writing it. In input mode, this option is ignored; zstd
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compression is recognized automatically on input.
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--lzma
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(o mode only)
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Compress the file with lzma-compatible compression before
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writing it. In input mode, this option is ignored; lzma
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compression is recognized automatically on input.
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--lzop
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(o mode only)
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Compress the resulting archive with lzop(1). In input mode,
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this option is ignored.
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--passphrase
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passphrase
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The passphrase is used
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to extract or create an encrypted archive. Currently, zip is
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only a format that cpio can handle encrypted
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archives. You shouldn’t use this option unless you
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realize how insecure use of this option is.
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-m,
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--preserve-modification-time
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(i and p modes) Set file
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modification time on created files to match those in the
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source.
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-n,
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--numeric-uid-gid
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(i mode, only with -t)
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Display numeric uid and gid. By default, cpio
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displays the user and group names when they are provided in
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the archive, or looks up the user and group names in the
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system password database.
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--no-preserve-owner
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(i mode only) Do not attempt to
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restore file ownership. This is the default when run by
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non-root users.
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-O file
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Write archive to
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file.
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-o, --create
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Output mode. See above for
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description.
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-p,
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--pass-through
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Pass-through mode. See above
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for description.
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--preserve-owner
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(i mode only) Restore file
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ownership. This is the default when run by the root
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user.
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--quiet
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Suppress unnecessary
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messages.
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-R [
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user][
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:][
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group], --owner [
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user][
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:][
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group]
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Set the owner and/or group on
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files in the output. If group is specified with no user (for
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example, -R :wheel) then the group will be set
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but not the user. If the user is specified with a trailing
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colon and no group (for example, -R root:)
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then the group will be set to the user’s default
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group. If the user is specified with no trailing colon, then
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the user will be set but not the group. In -i and
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-p modes, this option can only be used by the
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super-user. (For compatibility, a period can be used in
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place of the colon.)
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-r
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(All modes.)
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Rename files interactively. For each file, a prompt is
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written to /dev/tty containing the name of the file
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and a line is read from /dev/tty. If the line read is
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blank, the file is skipped. If the line contains a single
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period, the file is processed normally. Otherwise, the line
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is taken to be the new name of the file.
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-t, --list
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(i mode only) List the contents
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of the archive to stdout; do not restore the contents to
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disk.
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-u,
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--unconditional
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(i and p modes) Unconditionally
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overwrite existing files. Ordinarily, an older file will not
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overwrite a newer file on disk.
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-V, --dot
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Print a dot to stderr for each
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file as it is processed. Superseded by -v.
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-v, --verbose
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Print the name of each file to
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stderr as it is processed. With -t, provide a
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detailed listing of each file.
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--version
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Print the program version
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information and exit.
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-y
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(o mode only)
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Compress the archive with bzip2-compatible compression
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before writing it. In input mode, this option is ignored;
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bzip2 compression is recognized automatically on input.
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-Z
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(o mode only)
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Compress the archive with compress-compatible compression
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before writing it. In input mode, this option is ignored;
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compression is recognized automatically on input.
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-z
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(o mode only)
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Compress the archive with gzip-compatible compression before
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writing it. In input mode, this option is ignored; gzip
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compression is recognized automatically on input.
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EXIT STATUS
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The cpio utility
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exits 0 on success, and >0 if an error
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occurs.
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ENVIRONMENT
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The following environment
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variables affect the execution of cpio:
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LANG
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The locale to
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use. See environ(7) for more information.
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TZ
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The timezone to
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use when displaying dates. See environ(7) for more
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information.
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EXAMPLES
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The cpio command is
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traditionally used to copy file hierarchies in conjunction
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with the find(1) command. The first example here simply
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copies all files from src to dest:
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find src |
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cpio -pmud dest
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By carefully
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selecting options to the find(1) command and combining it
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with other standard utilities, it is possible to exercise
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very fine control over which files are copied. This next
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example copies files from src to dest that are
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more than 2 days old and whose names match a particular
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pattern:
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find src
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-mtime +2 | grep foo[bar] | cpio
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-pdmu dest
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This example
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copies files from src to dest that are more
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than 2 days old and which contain the word
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’’
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foobar ’’:
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find src
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-mtime +2 | xargs grep -l foobar |
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cpio -pdmu dest
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COMPATIBILITY
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The mode options i, o, and p and
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the options a, B, c, d, f, l, m, r, t, u, and v comply with
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SUSv2.
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The old POSIX.1
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standard specified that only -i, -o, and
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-p were interpreted as command-line options. Each
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took a single argument of a list of modifier characters. For
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example, the standard syntax allows -imu but does not
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support -miu or -i -m -u, since m and
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u are only modifiers to -i, they are not
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command-line options in their own right. The syntax
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supported by this implementation is backwards-compatible
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with the standard. For best compatibility, scripts should
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limit themselves to the standard syntax.
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SEE ALSO
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bzip2(1), tar(1), gzip(1),
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mt(1), pax(1), libarchive(3), cpio(5),
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libarchive-formats(5), tar(5)
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STANDARDS
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There is no current POSIX
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standard for the cpio command; it appeared in ISO/IEC
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9945-1:1996 (’’POSIX.1’’) but was
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dropped from IEEE Std 1003.1-2001
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(’’POSIX.1’’).
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The cpio, ustar,
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and pax interchange file formats are defined by IEEE Std
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1003.1-2001 (’’POSIX.1’’) for the
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pax command.
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HISTORY
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The original cpio and
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find utilities were written by Dick Haight while
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working in AT&T’s Unix Support Group. They first
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appeared in 1977 in PWB/UNIX 1.0, the
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’’Programmer’s Work Bench’’
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system developed for use within AT&T. They were first
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released outside of AT&T as part of System III Unix in
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1981. As a result, cpio actually predates tar,
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even though it was not well-known outside of AT&T until
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some time later.
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This is a
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complete re-implementation based on the libarchive(3)
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library.
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BUGS
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The cpio archive format has
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several basic limitations: It does not store user and group
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names, only numbers. As a result, it cannot be reliably used
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to transfer files between systems with dissimilar user and
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group numbering. Older cpio formats limit the user and group
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numbers to 16 or 18 bits, which is insufficient for modern
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systems. The cpio archive formats cannot support files over
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4 gigabytes, except for the ’’odc’’
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variant, which can support files up to 8 gigabytes.
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BSD
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September 16, 2014 BSD
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</body>
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</html>

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