Installation Instructions

*************************

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2006, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010 Free Software Foundation, Inc.

   Copying and distribution of this file, with or without modification,

are permitted in any medium without royalty provided the copyright

notice and this notice are preserved.  This file is offered as-is,

without warranty of any kind.

Basic Installation

==================

   Briefly, the shell commands `./configure; make; make install' should

configure, build, and install this package.  The following

more-detailed instructions are generic; see the `README' file for

instructions specific to this package.  Some packages provide this

`INSTALL' file but do not implement all of the features documented

below.  The lack of an optional feature in a given package is not

necessarily a bug.  More recommendations for GNU packages can be found

in *note Makefile Conventions: (standards)Makefile Conventions.

   The `configure' shell script attempts to guess correct values for

various system-dependent variables used during compilation.  It uses

those values to create a `Makefile' in each directory of the package.

It may also create one or more `.h' files containing system-dependent

definitions.  Finally, it creates a shell script `config.status' that

you can run in the future to recreate the current configuration, and a

file `config.log' containing compiler output (useful mainly for

debugging `configure').

   It can also use an optional file (typically called `config.cache'

and enabled with `--cache-file=config.cache' or simply `-C') that saves

the results of its tests to speed up reconfiguring.  Caching is

disabled by default to prevent problems with accidental use of stale

cache files.

   If you need to do unusual things to compile the package, please try

to figure out how `configure' could check whether to do them, and mail

diffs or instructions to the address given in the `README' so they can

be considered for the next release.  If you are using the cache, and at

some point `config.cache' contains results you don't want to keep, you

may remove or edit it.

   The file `configure.ac' (or `configure.in') is used to create

`configure' by a program called `autoconf'.  You need `configure.ac' if

you want to change it or regenerate `configure' using a newer version

of `autoconf'.

   The simplest way to compile this package is:

  1. `cd' to the directory containing the package's source code and type

     `./configure' to configure the package for your system.

     Running `configure' might take a while.  While running, it prints

     some messages telling which features it is checking for.

  2. Type `make' to compile the package.

  3. Optionally, type `make check' to run any self-tests that come with

     the package, generally using the just-built uninstalled binaries.

  4. Type `make install' to install the programs and any data files and

     documentation.  When installing into a prefix owned by root, it is

     recommended that the package be configured and built as a regular

     user, and only the `make install' phase executed with root

     privileges.

  5. Optionally, type `make installcheck' to repeat any self-tests, but

     this time using the binaries in their final installed location.

     This target does not install anything.  Running this target as a

     regular user, particularly if the prior `make install' required

     root privileges, verifies that the installation completed

     correctly.

  6. You can remove the program binaries and object files from the

     source code directory by typing `make clean'.  To also remove the

     files that `configure' created (so you can compile the package for

     a different kind of computer), type `make distclean'.  There is

     also a `make maintainer-clean' target, but that is intended mainly

     for the package's developers.  If you use it, you may have to get

     all sorts of other programs in order to regenerate files that came

     with the distribution.

  7. Often, you can also type `make uninstall' to remove the installed

     files again.  In practice, not all packages have tested that

     uninstallation works correctly, even though it is required by the

     GNU Coding Standards.

  8. Some packages, particularly those that use Automake, provide `make

     distcheck', which can by used by developers to test that all other

     targets like `make install' and `make uninstall' work correctly.

     This target is generally not run by end users.

Compilers and Options

=====================

   Some systems require unusual options for compilation or linking that

the `configure' script does not know about.  Run `./configure --help'

for details on some of the pertinent environment variables.

   You can give `configure' initial values for configuration parameters

by setting variables in the command line or in the environment.  Here

is an example:

     ./configure CC=c99 CFLAGS=-g LIBS=-lposix

   *Note Defining Variables::, for more details.

Compiling For Multiple Architectures

====================================

   You can compile the package for more than one kind of computer at the

same time, by placing the object files for each architecture in their

own directory.  To do this, you can use GNU `make'.  `cd' to the

directory where you want the object files and executables to go and run

the `configure' script.  `configure' automatically checks for the

source code in the directory that `configure' is in and in `..'.  This

is known as a "VPATH" build.

   With a non-GNU `make', it is safer to compile the package for one

architecture at a time in the source code directory.  After you have

installed the package for one architecture, use `make distclean' before

reconfiguring for another architecture.

   On MacOS X 10.5 and later systems, you can create libraries and

executables that work on multiple system types--known as "fat" or

"universal" binaries--by specifying multiple `-arch' options to the

compiler but only a single `-arch' option to the preprocessor.  Like

this:

     ./configure CC="gcc -arch i386 -arch x86_64 -arch ppc -arch ppc64" \

                 CXX="g++ -arch i386 -arch x86_64 -arch ppc -arch ppc64" \

                 CPP="gcc -E" CXXCPP="g++ -E"

   This is not guaranteed to produce working output in all cases, you

may have to build one architecture at a time and combine the results

using the `lipo' tool if you have problems.

Installation Names

==================

   By default, `make install' installs the package's commands under

`/usr/local/bin', include files under `/usr/local/include', etc.  You

can specify an installation prefix other than `/usr/local' by giving

`configure' the option `--prefix=PREFIX', where PREFIX must be an

absolute file name.

   You can specify separate installation prefixes for

architecture-specific files and architecture-independent files.  If you

pass the option `--exec-prefix=PREFIX' to `configure', the package uses

PREFIX as the prefix for installing programs and libraries.

Documentation and other data files still use the regular prefix.

   In addition, if you use an unusual directory layout you can give

options like `--bindir=DIR' to specify different values for particular

kinds of files.  Run `configure --help' for a list of the directories

you can set and what kinds of files go in them.  In general, the

default for these options is expressed in terms of `${prefix}', so that

specifying just `--prefix' will affect all of the other directory

specifications that were not explicitly provided.

   The most portable way to affect installation locations is to pass the

correct locations to `configure'; however, many packages provide one or

both of the following shortcuts of passing variable assignments to the

`make install' command line to change installation locations without

having to reconfigure or recompile.

   The first method involves providing an override variable for each

affected directory.  For example, `make install

prefix=/alternate/directory' will choose an alternate location for all

directory configuration variables that were expressed in terms of

`${prefix}'.  Any directories that were specified during `configure',

but not in terms of `${prefix}', must each be overridden at install

time for the entire installation to be relocated.  The approach of

makefile variable overrides for each directory variable is required by

the GNU Coding Standards, and ideally causes no recompilation.

However, some platforms have known limitations with the semantics of

shared libraries that end up requiring recompilation when using this

method, particularly noticeable in packages that use GNU Libtool.

   The second method involves providing the `DESTDIR' variable.  For

example, `make install DESTDIR=/alternate/directory' will prepend

`/alternate/directory' before all installation names.  The approach of

`DESTDIR' overrides is not required by the GNU Coding Standards, and

does not work on platforms that have drive letters.  On the other hand,

it does better at avoiding recompilation issues, and works well even

when some directory options were not specified in terms of `${prefix}'

at `configure' time.

Optional Features

=================

   If the package supports it, you can cause programs to be installed

with an extra prefix or suffix on their names by giving `configure' the

option `--program-prefix=PREFIX' or `--program-suffix=SUFFIX'.

   Some packages pay attention to `--enable-FEATURE' options to

`configure', where FEATURE indicates an optional part of the package.

They may also pay attention to `--with-PACKAGE' options, where PACKAGE

is something like `gnu-as' or `x' (for the X Window System).  The

`README' should mention any `--enable-' and `--with-' options that the

package recognizes.

   For packages that use the X Window System, `configure' can usually

find the X include and library files automatically, but if it doesn't,

you can use the `configure' options `--x-includes=DIR' and

`--x-libraries=DIR' to specify their locations.

   Some packages offer the ability to configure how verbose the

execution of `make' will be.  For these packages, running `./configure

--enable-silent-rules' sets the default to minimal output, which can be

overridden with `make V=1'; while running `./configure

--disable-silent-rules' sets the default to verbose, which can be

overridden with `make V=0'.

Particular systems

==================

   On HP-UX, the default C compiler is not ANSI C compatible.  If GNU

CC is not installed, it is recommended to use the following options in

order to use an ANSI C compiler:

     ./configure CC="cc -Ae -D_XOPEN_SOURCE=500"

and if that doesn't work, install pre-built binaries of GCC for HP-UX.

   On OSF/1 a.k.a. Tru64, some versions of the default C compiler cannot

parse its `<wchar.h>' header file.  The option `-nodtk' can be used as

a workaround.  If GNU CC is not installed, it is therefore recommended

to try

     ./configure CC="cc"

and if that doesn't work, try

     ./configure CC="cc -nodtk"

   On Solaris, don't put `/usr/ucb' early in your `PATH'.  This

directory contains several dysfunctional programs; working variants of

these programs are available in `/usr/bin'.  So, if you need `/usr/ucb'

in your `PATH', put it _after_ `/usr/bin'.

   On Haiku, software installed for all users goes in `/boot/common',

not `/usr/local'.  It is recommended to use the following options:

     ./configure --prefix=/boot/common

Specifying the System Type

==========================

   There may be some features `configure' cannot figure out

automatically, but needs to determine by the type of machine the package

will run on.  Usually, assuming the package is built to be run on the

_same_ architectures, `configure' can figure that out, but if it prints

a message saying it cannot guess the machine type, give it the

`--build=TYPE' option.  TYPE can either be a short name for the system

type, such as `sun4', or a canonical name which has the form:

     CPU-COMPANY-SYSTEM

where SYSTEM can have one of these forms:

     OS

     KERNEL-OS

   See the file `config.sub' for the possible values of each field.  If

`config.sub' isn't included in this package, then this package doesn't

need to know the machine type.

   If you are _building_ compiler tools for cross-compiling, you should

use the option `--target=TYPE' to select the type of system they will

produce code for.

   If you want to _use_ a cross compiler, that generates code for a

platform different from the build platform, you should specify the

"host" platform (i.e., that on which the generated programs will

eventually be run) with `--host=TYPE'.

Sharing Defaults

================

   If you want to set default values for `configure' scripts to share,

you can create a site shell script called `config.site' that gives

default values for variables like `CC', `cache_file', and `prefix'.

`configure' looks for `PREFIX/share/config.site' if it exists, then

`PREFIX/etc/config.site' if it exists.  Or, you can set the

`CONFIG_SITE' environment variable to the location of the site script.

A warning: not all `configure' scripts look for a site script.

Defining Variables

==================

   Variables not defined in a site shell script can be set in the

environment passed to `configure'.  However, some packages may run

configure again during the build, and the customized values of these

variables may be lost.  In order to avoid this problem, you should set

them in the `configure' command line, using `VAR=value'.  For example:

     ./configure CC=/usr/local2/bin/gcc

causes the specified `gcc' to be used as the C compiler (unless it is

overridden in the site shell script).

Unfortunately, this technique does not work for `CONFIG_SHELL' due to

an Autoconf bug.  Until the bug is fixed you can use this workaround:

     CONFIG_SHELL=/bin/bash /bin/bash ./configure CONFIG_SHELL=/bin/bash

`configure' Invocation

======================

   `configure' recognizes the following options to control how it

operates.

`--help'

`-h'

     Print a summary of all of the options to `configure', and exit.

`--help=short'

`--help=recursive'

     Print a summary of the options unique to this package's

     `configure', and exit.  The `short' variant lists options used

     only in the top level, while the `recursive' variant lists options

     also present in any nested packages.

`--version'

`-V'

     Print the version of Autoconf used to generate the `configure'

     script, and exit.

`--cache-file=FILE'

     Enable the cache: use and save the results of the tests in FILE,

     traditionally `config.cache'.  FILE defaults to `/dev/null' to

     disable caching.

`--config-cache'

`-C'

     Alias for `--cache-file=config.cache'.

`--quiet'

`--silent'

`-q'

     Do not print messages saying which checks are being made.  To

     suppress all normal output, redirect it to `/dev/null' (any error

     messages will still be shown).

`--srcdir=DIR'

     Look for the package's source code in directory DIR.  Usually

     `configure' can determine that directory automatically.

`--prefix=DIR'

     Use DIR as the installation prefix.  *note Installation Names::

     for more details, including other options available for fine-tuning

     the installation locations.

`--no-create'

`-n'

     Run the configure checks, but stop before creating any output

     files.

`configure' also accepts some other, not widely useful, options.  Run

`configure --help' for more details.