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"http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.4/docbookx.dtd">
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<refentry id='tracepath8'>
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<refmeta>
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<refentrytitle>TRACEPATH</refentrytitle>
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<manvolnum>8</manvolnum>
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<refmiscinfo class='manual'>iputils</refmiscinfo>
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</refmeta>
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<refnamediv>
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<refname>tracepath</refname>
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<refname>tracepath6</refname>
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<refpurpose>traces path to a network host discovering MTU along this path</refpurpose>
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</refnamediv>
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<refsynopsisdiv id='synopsis'>
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<cmdsynopsis>
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<command>tracepath</command>
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<arg choice='opt'>-4 </arg>
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<arg choice='opt'>-6 </arg>
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<arg choice='opt'>-n </arg>
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<arg choice='opt'>-b </arg>
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<arg choice='opt'>-l <replaceable>pktlen</replaceable></arg>
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<arg choice='opt'>-m <replaceable>max_hops</replaceable></arg>
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<arg choice='opt'>-p <replaceable>port</replaceable></arg>
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<arg choice='plain'><replaceable>destination</replaceable></arg>
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<sbr/>
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</cmdsynopsis>
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</refsynopsisdiv>
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<refsect1 id='description'>
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<title>DESCRIPTION</title>
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<para>It traces path to <emphasis remap='I'>destination</emphasis> discovering MTU along this path.
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It uses UDP port <emphasis remap='I'>port</emphasis> or some random port.
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It is similar to <emphasis remap='B'>traceroute</emphasis>, only does not require superuser
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privileges and has no fancy options.</para>
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<para><emphasis remap='B'>tracepath6</emphasis> is good replacement for <emphasis remap='B'>traceroute6</emphasis>
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and classic example of application of Linux error queues.
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The situation with IPv4 is worse, because commercial
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IP routers do not return enough information in ICMP error messages.
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Probably, it will change, when they will be updated.
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For now it uses Van Jacobson's trick, sweeping a range
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of UDP ports to maintain trace history.</para>
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</refsect1>
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<refsect1 id='options'>
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<title>OPTIONS</title>
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<variablelist remap='TP'>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><option>-4</option></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>Use IPv4 only..</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><option>-6</option></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>Use IPv6 only..</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><option>-n</option></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>Print primarily IP addresses numerically.</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><option>-b</option></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>Print both of host names and IP addresses.</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><option>-l</option></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>Sets the initial packet length to <emphasis remap='I'>pktlen</emphasis> instead of
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65535 for <command>tracepath</command> or 128000 for <emphasis remap='B'>tracepath6</emphasis>.</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><option>-m</option></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>Set maximum hops (or maximum TTLs) to <emphasis remap='I'>max_hops</emphasis>
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instead of 30.</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><option>-p</option></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>Sets the initial destination port to use.</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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</variablelist>
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</refsect1>
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<refsect1 id='output'>
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<title>OUTPUT</title>
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<literallayout remap='.nf'>
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root@mops:~ # tracepath6 3ffe:2400:0:109::2
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1?: [LOCALHOST] pmtu 1500
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1: dust.inr.ac.ru 0.411ms
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2: dust.inr.ac.ru asymm 1 0.390ms pmtu 1480
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2: 3ffe:2400:0:109::2 463.514ms reached
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Resume: pmtu 1480 hops 2 back 2
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</literallayout>
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<para>The first column shows TTL of the probe, followed by colon.
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Usually value of TTL is obtained from reply from network,
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but sometimes reply does not contain necessary information and
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we have to guess it. In this case the number is followed by ?.</para>
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<para>The second column shows the network hop, which replied to the probe.
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It is either address of router or word [LOCALHOST], if
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the probe was not sent to the network.</para>
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<para>The rest of line shows miscellaneous information about path to
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the correspinding network hop. As rule it contains value of RTT.
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Additionally, it can show Path MTU, when it changes.
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If the path is asymmetric
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or the probe finishes before it reach prescribed hop, difference
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between number of hops in forward and backward direction is shown
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following keyword async. This information is not reliable.
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F.e. the third line shows asymmetry of 1, it is because the first probe
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with TTL of 2 was rejected at the first hop due to Path MTU Discovery.</para>
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<para>The last line summarizes information about all the path to the destination,
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it shows detected Path MTU, amount of hops to the destination and our
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guess about amount of hops from the destination to us, which can be
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different when the path is asymmetric.</para>
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</refsect1>
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<refsect1 id='see_also'>
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<title>SEE ALSO</title>
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<para><citerefentry><refentrytitle>traceroute</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
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<citerefentry><refentrytitle>traceroute6</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
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<citerefentry><refentrytitle>ping</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>.</para>
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</refsect1>
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<refsect1 id='author'>
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<title>AUTHOR</title>
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<para><command>tracepath</command> was written by
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Alexey Kuznetsov <kuznet@ms2.inr.ac.ru>.</para>
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</refsect1>
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<refsect1 id='security'>
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<title>SECURITY</title>
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<para>No security issues.</para>
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<para>This lapidary deserves to be elaborated.
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<command>tracepath</command> is not a privileged program, unlike
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<emphasis remap='B'>traceroute</emphasis>, <emphasis remap='B'>ping</emphasis> and other beasts of this kind.
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<command>tracepath</command> may be executed by everyone who has some access
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to network, enough to send UDP datagrams to investigated destination
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using given port.</para>
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</refsect1>
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<refsect1 id='availability'>
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<title>AVAILABILITY</title>
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<para><command>tracepath</command> is part of <emphasis remap='I'>iputils</emphasis> package.</para>
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</refsect1>
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</refentry>
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