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Packit	90a5c9	`<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" lang="en" xml:lang="en"><head>`
Packit	90a5c9	`<meta content="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1" http-equiv="Content-Type" />`
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Packit	90a5c9	`XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX`
Packit	90a5c9	`This file is generated from xml source: DO NOT EDIT`
Packit	90a5c9	`XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX`
Packit	90a5c9	`-->`
Packit	90a5c9	`<title>Redirecting and Remapping with mod_rewrite - Apache HTTP Server Version 2.4</title>`
Packit	90a5c9	`<link href="../style/css/manual.css" rel="stylesheet" media="all" type="text/css" title="Main stylesheet" />`
Packit	90a5c9	`<link href="../style/css/manual-loose-100pc.css" rel="alternate stylesheet" media="all" type="text/css" title="No Sidebar - Default font size" />`
Packit	90a5c9	`<link href="../style/css/manual-print.css" rel="stylesheet" media="print" type="text/css" /><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="../style/css/prettify.css" />`
Packit	90a5c9	`<script src="../style/scripts/prettify.min.js" type="text/javascript">`
Packit	90a5c9	`</script>`
Packit	90a5c9
Packit	90a5c9	`<link href="../images/favicon.ico" rel="shortcut icon" /></head>`
Packit	90a5c9	`<body id="manual-page">`
Packit	90a5c9	`Modules \| Directives \| FAQ \| Glossary \| Sitemap`
Packit	90a5c9	`Apache HTTP Server Version 2.4`
Packit	90a5c9
Packit	90a5c9
Packit	90a5c9
Packit	90a5c9	`Apache > HTTP Server > Documentation > Version 2.4 > RewriteRedirecting and Remapping with mod_rewrite`
Packit	90a5c9
Packit	90a5c9	`Available Languages: en \|`
Packit	90a5c9	`fr`
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Packit	90a5c9	`This document supplements the mod_rewrite`
Packit	90a5c9	`reference documentation. It describes`
Packit	90a5c9	`how you can use mod_rewrite to redirect and remap`
Packit	90a5c9	`request. This includes many examples of common uses of mod_rewrite,`
Packit	90a5c9	`including detailed descriptions of how each works.`
Packit	90a5c9
Packit	90a5c9	`Note that many of these examples won't work unchanged in your`
Packit	90a5c9	`particular server configuration, so it's important that you understand`
Packit	90a5c9	`them, rather than merely cutting and pasting the examples into your`
Packit	90a5c9	`configuration.`
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Packit	90a5c9	`From Old to New (internal)`
Packit	90a5c9	`Rewriting From Old to New (external)`
Packit	90a5c9	`Resource Moved to Another Server`
Packit	90a5c9	`From Static to Dynamic`
Packit	90a5c9	`Backward Compatibility for file extension change`
Packit	90a5c9	`Canonical Hostnames`
Packit	90a5c9	`Search for pages in more than one directory`
Packit	90a5c9	`Redirecting to Geographically Distributed Servers`
Packit	90a5c9	`Browser Dependent Content`
Packit	90a5c9	`Canonical URLs`
Packit	90a5c9	`Moved DocumentRoot`
Packit	90a5c9	`Fallback Resource`
Packit	90a5c9	`Rewrite query string`
Packit	90a5c9	`See also Module documentation mod_rewrite introduction Controlling access Virtual hosts Proxying Using RewriteMap Advanced techniques When not to use mod_rewrite Comments`
Packit	90a5c9
Packit	90a5c9
Packit	90a5c9	`From Old to New (internal)`
Packit	90a5c9
Packit	90a5c9
Packit	90a5c9
Packit	90a5c9
Packit	90a5c9	`Description:`
Packit	90a5c9
Packit	90a5c9
Packit	90a5c9	`Assume we have recently renamed the page`
Packit	90a5c9	`foo.html to bar.html and now want`
Packit	90a5c9	`to provide the old URL for backward compatibility. However,`
Packit	90a5c9	`we want that users of the old URL even not recognize that`
Packit	90a5c9	`the pages was renamed - that is, we don't want the address to`
Packit	90a5c9	`change in their browser.`
Packit	90a5c9
Packit	90a5c9
Packit	90a5c9	`Solution:`
Packit	90a5c9
Packit	90a5c9
Packit	90a5c9	`We rewrite the old URL to the new one internally via the`
Packit	90a5c9	`following rule:`
Packit	90a5c9
Packit	90a5c9	`RewriteEngine on`
Packit	90a5c9	`RewriteRule "^/foo\.html$" "/bar.html" [PT]`
Packit	90a5c9
Packit	90a5c9
Packit	90a5c9
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Packit	90a5c9
Packit	90a5c9
Packit	90a5c9	`Rewriting From Old to New (external)`
Packit	90a5c9
Packit	90a5c9
Packit	90a5c9
Packit	90a5c9
Packit	90a5c9	`Description:`
Packit	90a5c9
Packit	90a5c9
Packit	90a5c9	`Assume again that we have recently renamed the page`
Packit	90a5c9	`foo.html to bar.html and now want`
Packit	90a5c9	`to provide the old URL for backward compatibility. But this`
Packit	90a5c9	`time we want that the users of the old URL get hinted to`
Packit	90a5c9	`the new one, i.e. their browsers Location field should`
Packit	90a5c9	`change, too.`
Packit	90a5c9
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Packit	90a5c9	`Solution:`
Packit	90a5c9
Packit	90a5c9
Packit	90a5c9	`We force a HTTP redirect to the new URL which leads to a`
Packit	90a5c9	`change of the browsers and thus the users view:`
Packit	90a5c9
Packit	90a5c9	`RewriteEngine on`
Packit	90a5c9	`RewriteRule "^/foo\.html$" "bar.html" [R]`
Packit	90a5c9
Packit	90a5c9
Packit	90a5c9
Packit	90a5c9	`Discussion`
Packit	90a5c9
Packit	90a5c9
Packit	90a5c9	`In this example, as contrasted to the internal example above, we can simply`
Packit	90a5c9	`use the Redirect directive. mod_rewrite was used in that earlier`
Packit	90a5c9	`example in order to hide the redirect from the client:`
Packit	90a5c9
Packit	90a5c9	`Redirect "/foo.html" "/bar.html"`
Packit	90a5c9
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Packit	90a5c9	`Resource Moved to Another Server`
Packit	90a5c9
Packit	90a5c9
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Packit	90a5c9	`Description:`
Packit	90a5c9
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Packit	90a5c9	`If a resource has moved to another server, you may wish to have`
Packit	90a5c9	`URLs continue to work for a time on the old server while people`
Packit	90a5c9	`update their bookmarks.`
Packit	90a5c9
Packit	90a5c9
Packit	90a5c9	`Solution:`
Packit	90a5c9
Packit	90a5c9
Packit	90a5c9	`You can use mod_rewrite to redirect these URLs`
Packit	90a5c9	`to the new server, but you might also consider using the Redirect`
Packit	90a5c9	`or RedirectMatch directive.`
Packit	90a5c9
Packit	90a5c9	`#With mod_rewrite`
Packit	90a5c9	`RewriteEngine on`
Packit	90a5c9	`RewriteRule "^/docs/(.+)" "http://new.example.com/docs/$1" [R,L]`
Packit	90a5c9
Packit	90a5c9
Packit	90a5c9	`#With RedirectMatch`
Packit	90a5c9	`RedirectMatch "^/docs/(.*)" "http://new.example.com/docs/$1"`
Packit	90a5c9
Packit	90a5c9
Packit	90a5c9	`#With Redirect`
Packit	90a5c9	`Redirect "/docs/" "http://new.example.com/docs/"`
Packit	90a5c9
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Packit	90a5c9	`From Static to Dynamic`
Packit	90a5c9
Packit	90a5c9
Packit	90a5c9
Packit	90a5c9
Packit	90a5c9	`Description:`
Packit	90a5c9
Packit	90a5c9
Packit	90a5c9	`How can we transform a static page`
Packit	90a5c9	`foo.html into a dynamic variant`
Packit	90a5c9	`foo.cgi in a seamless way, i.e. without notice`
Packit	90a5c9	`by the browser/user.`
Packit	90a5c9
Packit	90a5c9
Packit	90a5c9	`Solution:`
Packit	90a5c9
Packit	90a5c9
Packit	90a5c9	`We just rewrite the URL to the CGI-script and force the`
Packit	90a5c9	`handler to be cgi-script so that it is`
Packit	90a5c9	`executed as a CGI program.`
Packit	90a5c9	`This way a request to /~quux/foo.html`
Packit	90a5c9	`internally leads to the invocation of`
Packit	90a5c9	`/~quux/foo.cgi.`
Packit	90a5c9
Packit	90a5c9	`RewriteEngine on`
Packit	90a5c9	`RewriteBase "/~quux/"`
Packit	90a5c9	`RewriteRule "^foo\.html$" "foo.cgi" [H=cgi-script]`
Packit	90a5c9
Packit	90a5c9
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Packit	90a5c9	`Backward Compatibility for file extension change`
Packit	90a5c9
Packit	90a5c9
Packit	90a5c9
Packit	90a5c9
Packit	90a5c9	`Description:`
Packit	90a5c9
Packit	90a5c9
Packit	90a5c9	`How can we make URLs backward compatible (still`
Packit	90a5c9	`existing virtually) after migrating document.YYYY`
Packit	90a5c9	`to document.XXXX, e.g. after translating a`
Packit	90a5c9	`bunch of .html files to .php?`
Packit	90a5c9
Packit	90a5c9
Packit	90a5c9	`Solution:`
Packit	90a5c9
Packit	90a5c9
Packit	90a5c9	`We rewrite the name to its basename and test for`
Packit	90a5c9	`existence of the new extension. If it exists, we take`
Packit	90a5c9	`that name, else we rewrite the URL to its original state.`
Packit	90a5c9
Packit	90a5c9	`# backward compatibility ruleset for`
Packit	90a5c9	`# rewriting document.html to document.php`
Packit	90a5c9	`# when and only when document.php exists`
Packit	90a5c9	`<Directory "/var/www/htdocs">`
Packit	90a5c9	`RewriteEngine on`
Packit	90a5c9	`RewriteBase "/var/www/htdocs"`
Packit	90a5c9
Packit	90a5c9	`RewriteCond "$1.php" -f`
Packit	90a5c9	`RewriteCond "$1.html" !-f`
Packit	90a5c9	`RewriteRule "^(.*).html$" "$1.php"`
Packit	90a5c9	`</Directory>`
Packit	90a5c9
Packit	90a5c9
Packit	90a5c9
Packit	90a5c9	`Discussion`
Packit	90a5c9
Packit	90a5c9	`This example uses an often-overlooked feature of mod_rewrite,`
Packit	90a5c9	`by taking advantage of the order of execution of the ruleset. In`
Packit	90a5c9	`particular, mod_rewrite evaluates the left-hand-side of the`
Packit	90a5c9	`RewriteRule before it evaluates the RewriteCond directives.`
Packit	90a5c9	`Consequently, $1 is already defined by the time the RewriteCond`
Packit	90a5c9	`directives are evaluated. This allows us to test for the existence`
Packit	90a5c9	`of the original (document.html) and target`
Packit	90a5c9	`(document.php) files using the same base filename.`
Packit	90a5c9
Packit	90a5c9	`This ruleset is designed to use in a per-directory context (In a`
Packit	90a5c9	`<Directory> block or in a .htaccess file), so that the`
Packit	90a5c9	`-f checks are looking at the correct directory path.`
Packit	90a5c9	`You may need to set a RewriteBase directive to specify the`
Packit	90a5c9	`directory base that you're working in.`
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Packit	90a5c9	`Canonical Hostnames`
Packit	90a5c9
Packit	90a5c9
Packit	90a5c9
Packit	90a5c9
Packit	90a5c9	`Description:`
Packit	90a5c9
Packit	90a5c9	`The goal of this rule is to force the use of a particular`
Packit	90a5c9	`hostname, in preference to other hostnames which may be used to`
Packit	90a5c9	`reach the same site. For example, if you wish to force the use`
Packit	90a5c9	`of www.example.com instead of`
Packit	90a5c9	`example.com, you might use a variant of the`
Packit	90a5c9	`following recipe.`
Packit	90a5c9
Packit	90a5c9	`Solution:`
Packit	90a5c9
Packit	90a5c9
Packit	90a5c9
Packit	90a5c9	`The very best way to solve this doesn't involve mod_rewrite at all,`
Packit	90a5c9	`but rather uses the Redirect`
Packit	90a5c9	`directive placed in a virtual host for the non-canonical`
Packit	90a5c9	`hostname(s).`
Packit	90a5c9
Packit	90a5c9	`<VirtualHost *:80>`
Packit	90a5c9	`ServerName undesired.example.com`
Packit	90a5c9	`ServerAlias example.com notthis.example.com`
Packit	90a5c9
Packit	90a5c9	`Redirect "/" "http://www.example.com/"`
Packit	90a5c9	`</VirtualHost>`
Packit	90a5c9
Packit	90a5c9	`<VirtualHost *:80>`
Packit	90a5c9	`ServerName www.example.com`
Packit	90a5c9	`</VirtualHost>`
Packit	90a5c9
Packit	90a5c9
Packit	90a5c9	`You can alternatively accomplish this using the`
Packit	90a5c9	`<If>`
Packit	90a5c9	`directive:`
Packit	90a5c9
Packit	90a5c9	`<If "%{HTTP_HOST} != 'www.example.com'">`
Packit	90a5c9	`Redirect "/" "http://www.example.com/"`
Packit	90a5c9	`</If>`
Packit	90a5c9
Packit	90a5c9
Packit	90a5c9	`Or, for example, to redirect a portion of your site to HTTPS, you`
Packit	90a5c9	`might do the following:`
Packit	90a5c9
Packit	90a5c9	`<If "%{SERVER_PROTOCOL} != 'HTTPS'">`
Packit	90a5c9	`Redirect "/admin/" "https://www.example.com/admin/"`
Packit	90a5c9	`</If>`
Packit	90a5c9
Packit	90a5c9
Packit	90a5c9	`If, for whatever reason, you still want to use mod_rewrite`
Packit	90a5c9	`- if, for example, you need this to work with a larger set of RewriteRules -`
Packit	90a5c9	`you might use one of the recipes below.`
Packit	90a5c9
Packit	90a5c9	`For sites running on a port other than 80:`
Packit	90a5c9	`RewriteCond "%{HTTP_HOST}" "!^www\.example\.com" [NC]`
Packit	90a5c9	`RewriteCond "%{HTTP_HOST}" "!^$"`
Packit	90a5c9	`RewriteCond "%{SERVER_PORT}" "!^80$"`
Packit	90a5c9	`RewriteRule "^/?(.*)" "http://www.example.com:%{SERVER_PORT}/$1" [L,R,NE]`
Packit	90a5c9
Packit	90a5c9
Packit	90a5c9	`And for a site running on port 80`
Packit	90a5c9	`RewriteCond "%{HTTP_HOST}" "!^www\.example\.com" [NC]`
Packit	90a5c9	`RewriteCond "%{HTTP_HOST}" "!^$"`
Packit	90a5c9	`RewriteRule "^/?(.*)" "http://www.example.com/$1" [L,R,NE]`
Packit	90a5c9
Packit	90a5c9
Packit	90a5c9
Packit	90a5c9	`If you wanted to do this generically for all domain names - that`
Packit	90a5c9	`is, if you want to redirect example.com to`
Packit	90a5c9	`www.example.com for all possible values of`
Packit	90a5c9	`example.com, you could use the following`
Packit	90a5c9	`recipe:`
Packit	90a5c9
Packit	90a5c9	`RewriteCond "%{HTTP_HOST}" "!^www\." [NC]`
Packit	90a5c9	`RewriteCond "%{HTTP_HOST}" "!^$"`
Packit	90a5c9	`RewriteRule "^/?(.*)" "http://www.%{HTTP_HOST}/$1" [L,R,NE]`
Packit	90a5c9
Packit	90a5c9
Packit	90a5c9	`These rulesets will work either in your main server configuration`
Packit	90a5c9	`file, or in a .htaccess file placed in the DocumentRoot of the server.`
Packit	90a5c9
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Packit	90a5c9
Packit	90a5c9	`Search for pages in more than one directory`
Packit	90a5c9
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Packit	90a5c9	`Description:`
Packit	90a5c9
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Packit	90a5c9	`A particular resource might exist in one of several places, and`
Packit	90a5c9	`we want to look in those places for the resource when it is`
Packit	90a5c9	`requested. Perhaps we've recently rearranged our directory`
Packit	90a5c9	`structure, dividing content into several locations.`
Packit	90a5c9
Packit	90a5c9
Packit	90a5c9	`Solution:`
Packit	90a5c9
Packit	90a5c9
Packit	90a5c9	`The following ruleset searches in two directories to find the`
Packit	90a5c9	`resource, and, if not finding it in either place, will attempt to`
Packit	90a5c9	`just serve it out of the location requested.`
Packit	90a5c9
Packit	90a5c9	`RewriteEngine on`
Packit	90a5c9
Packit	90a5c9	`# first try to find it in dir1/...`
Packit	90a5c9	`# ...and if found stop and be happy:`
Packit	90a5c9	`RewriteCond "%{DOCUMENT_ROOT}/dir1/%{REQUEST_URI}" -f`
Packit	90a5c9	`RewriteRule "^(.+)" "%{DOCUMENT_ROOT}/dir1/$1" [L]`
Packit	90a5c9
Packit	90a5c9	`# second try to find it in dir2/...`
Packit	90a5c9	`# ...and if found stop and be happy:`
Packit	90a5c9	`RewriteCond "%{DOCUMENT_ROOT}/dir2/%{REQUEST_URI}" -f`
Packit	90a5c9	`RewriteRule "^(.+)" "%{DOCUMENT_ROOT}/dir2/$1" [L]`
Packit	90a5c9
Packit	90a5c9	`# else go on for other Alias or ScriptAlias directives,`
Packit	90a5c9	`# etc.`
Packit	90a5c9	`RewriteRule "^" "-" [PT]`
Packit	90a5c9
Packit	90a5c9
Packit	90a5c9
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Packit	90a5c9	`Redirecting to Geographically Distributed Servers`
Packit	90a5c9
Packit	90a5c9
Packit	90a5c9
Packit	90a5c9
Packit	90a5c9	`Description:`
Packit	90a5c9
Packit	90a5c9
Packit	90a5c9	`We have numerous mirrors of our website, and want to redirect`
Packit	90a5c9	`people to the one that is located in the country where they are`
Packit	90a5c9	`located.`
Packit	90a5c9
Packit	90a5c9
Packit	90a5c9	`Solution:`
Packit	90a5c9
Packit	90a5c9
Packit	90a5c9	`Looking at the hostname of the requesting client, we determine`
Packit	90a5c9	`which country they are coming from. If we can't do a lookup on their`
Packit	90a5c9	`IP address, we fall back to a default server.`
Packit	90a5c9	`We'll use a RewriteMap`
Packit	90a5c9	`directive to build a list of servers that we wish to use.`
Packit	90a5c9
Packit	90a5c9	`HostnameLookups on`
Packit	90a5c9	`RewriteEngine on`
Packit	90a5c9	`RewriteMap multiplex "txt:/path/to/map.mirrors"`
Packit	90a5c9	`RewriteCond "%{REMOTE_HOST}" "([a-z]+)$" [NC]`
Packit	90a5c9	`RewriteRule "^/(.*)$" "${multiplex:%1\|http://www.example.com/}$1" [R,L]`
Packit	90a5c9
Packit	90a5c9
Packit	90a5c9
Packit	90a5c9	`## map.mirrors -- Multiplexing Map`
Packit	90a5c9
Packit	90a5c9	`de http://www.example.de/`
Packit	90a5c9	`uk http://www.example.uk/`
Packit	90a5c9	`com http://www.example.com/`
Packit	90a5c9	`##EOF##`
Packit	90a5c9
Packit	90a5c9
Packit	90a5c9
Packit	90a5c9	`Discussion`
Packit	90a5c9
Packit	90a5c9	`This ruleset relies on`
Packit	90a5c9	`HostNameLookups`
Packit	90a5c9	`being set on, which can be`
Packit	90a5c9	`a significant performance hit.`
Packit	90a5c9
Packit	90a5c9	`The RewriteCond`
Packit	90a5c9	`directive captures the last portion of the hostname of the`
Packit	90a5c9	`requesting client - the country code - and the following RewriteRule`
Packit	90a5c9	`uses that value to look up the appropriate mirror host in the map`
Packit	90a5c9	`file.`
Packit	90a5c9
Packit	90a5c9
Packit	90a5c9
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Packit	90a5c9	`Browser Dependent Content`
Packit	90a5c9
Packit	90a5c9
Packit	90a5c9
Packit	90a5c9
Packit	90a5c9	`Description:`
Packit	90a5c9
Packit	90a5c9
Packit	90a5c9	`We wish to provide different content based on the browser, or`
Packit	90a5c9	`user-agent, which is requesting the content.`
Packit	90a5c9
Packit	90a5c9
Packit	90a5c9	`Solution:`
Packit	90a5c9
Packit	90a5c9
Packit	90a5c9	`We have to decide, based on the HTTP header "User-Agent",`
Packit	90a5c9	`which content to serve. The following config`
Packit	90a5c9	`does the following: If the HTTP header "User-Agent"`
Packit	90a5c9	`contains "Mozilla/3", the page foo.html`
Packit	90a5c9	`is rewritten to foo.NS.html and the`
Packit	90a5c9	`rewriting stops. If the browser is "Lynx" or "Mozilla" of`
Packit	90a5c9	`version 1 or 2, the URL becomes foo.20.html.`
Packit	90a5c9	`All other browsers receive page foo.32.html.`
Packit	90a5c9	`This is done with the following ruleset:`
Packit	90a5c9
Packit	90a5c9	`RewriteCond "%{HTTP_USER_AGENT}" "^Mozilla/3.*"`
Packit	90a5c9	`RewriteRule "^foo\.html$" "foo.NS.html" [L]`
Packit	90a5c9
Packit	90a5c9	`RewriteCond "%{HTTP_USER_AGENT}" "^Lynx/" [OR]`
Packit	90a5c9	`RewriteCond "%{HTTP_USER_AGENT}" "^Mozilla/[12]"`
Packit	90a5c9	`RewriteRule "^foo\.html$" "foo.20.html" [L]`
Packit	90a5c9
Packit	90a5c9	`RewriteRule "^foo\.html$" "foo.32.html" [L]`
Packit	90a5c9
Packit	90a5c9
Packit	90a5c9
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Packit	90a5c9
Packit	90a5c9
Packit	90a5c9	`Canonical URLs`
Packit	90a5c9
Packit	90a5c9
Packit	90a5c9
Packit	90a5c9
Packit	90a5c9	`Description:`
Packit	90a5c9
Packit	90a5c9
Packit	90a5c9	`On some webservers there is more than one URL for a`
Packit	90a5c9	`resource. Usually there are canonical URLs (which are be`
Packit	90a5c9	`actually used and distributed) and those which are just`
Packit	90a5c9	`shortcuts, internal ones, and so on. Independent of which URL the`
Packit	90a5c9	`user supplied with the request, they should finally see the`
Packit	90a5c9	`canonical one in their browser address bar.`
Packit	90a5c9
Packit	90a5c9
Packit	90a5c9	`Solution:`
Packit	90a5c9
Packit	90a5c9
Packit	90a5c9	`We do an external HTTP redirect for all non-canonical`
Packit	90a5c9	`URLs to fix them in the location view of the Browser and`
Packit	90a5c9	`for all subsequent requests. In the example ruleset below`
Packit	90a5c9	`we replace /puppies and /canines`
Packit	90a5c9	`by the canonical /dogs.`
Packit	90a5c9
Packit	90a5c9	`RewriteRule "^/(puppies\|canines)/(.*)" "/dogs/$2" [R]`
Packit	90a5c9
Packit	90a5c9
Packit	90a5c9
Packit	90a5c9	`Discussion:`
Packit	90a5c9
Packit	90a5c9	`This should really be accomplished with Redirect or RedirectMatch`
Packit	90a5c9	`directives:`
Packit	90a5c9
Packit	90a5c9	`RedirectMatch "^/(puppies\|canines)/(.*)" "/dogs/$2"`
Packit	90a5c9
Packit	90a5c9
Packit	90a5c9
Packit	90a5c9
Packit	90a5c9
Packit	90a5c9
Packit	90a5c9	`Moved DocumentRoot`
Packit	90a5c9
Packit	90a5c9
Packit	90a5c9
Packit	90a5c9
Packit	90a5c9	`Description:`
Packit	90a5c9
Packit	90a5c9
Packit	90a5c9	`Usually the DocumentRoot`
Packit	90a5c9	`of the webserver directly relates to the URL "/".`
Packit	90a5c9	`But often this data is not really of top-level priority. For example,`
Packit	90a5c9	`you may wish for visitors, on first entering a site, to go to a`
Packit	90a5c9	`particular subdirectory /about/. This may be accomplished`
Packit	90a5c9	`using the following ruleset:`
Packit	90a5c9
Packit	90a5c9
Packit	90a5c9	`Solution:`
Packit	90a5c9
Packit	90a5c9
Packit	90a5c9	`We redirect the URL / to`
Packit	90a5c9	`/about/:`
Packit	90a5c9
Packit	90a5c9
Packit	90a5c9	`RewriteEngine on`
Packit	90a5c9	`RewriteRule "^/$" "/about/" [R]`
Packit	90a5c9
Packit	90a5c9
Packit	90a5c9	`Note that this can also be handled using the RedirectMatch directive:`
Packit	90a5c9
Packit	90a5c9	`RedirectMatch "^/$" "http://example.com/about/"`
Packit	90a5c9
Packit	90a5c9
Packit	90a5c9	`Note also that the example rewrites only the root URL. That is, it`
Packit	90a5c9	`rewrites a request for http://example.com/, but not a`
Packit	90a5c9	`request for http://example.com/page.html. If you have in`
Packit	90a5c9	`fact changed your document root - that is, if all of`
Packit	90a5c9	`your content is in fact in that subdirectory, it is greatly preferable`
Packit	90a5c9	`to simply change your DocumentRoot`
Packit	90a5c9	`directive, or move all of the content up one directory,`
Packit	90a5c9	`rather than rewriting URLs.`
Packit	90a5c9
Packit	90a5c9
Packit	90a5c9
Packit	90a5c9
Packit	90a5c9
Packit	90a5c9	`Fallback Resource`
Packit	90a5c9
Packit	90a5c9
Packit	90a5c9
Packit	90a5c9	`Description:`
Packit	90a5c9	`You want a single resource (say, a certain file, like index.php) to`
Packit	90a5c9	`handle all requests that come to a particular directory, except those`
Packit	90a5c9	`that should go to an existing resource such as an image, or a css file.`
Packit	90a5c9
Packit	90a5c9	`Solution:`
Packit	90a5c9
Packit	90a5c9	`As of version 2.2.16, you should use the FallbackResource directive for this:`
Packit	90a5c9
Packit	90a5c9	`<Directory "/var/www/my_blog">`
Packit	90a5c9	`FallbackResource "index.php"`
Packit	90a5c9	`</Directory>`
Packit	90a5c9
Packit	90a5c9
Packit	90a5c9	`However, in earlier versions of Apache, or if your needs are more`
Packit	90a5c9	`complicated than this, you can use a variation of the following rewrite`
Packit	90a5c9	`set to accomplish the same thing:`
Packit	90a5c9
Packit	90a5c9	`<Directory "/var/www/my_blog">`
Packit	90a5c9	`RewriteBase "/my_blog"`
Packit	90a5c9
Packit	90a5c9	`RewriteCond "/var/www/my_blog/%{REQUEST_FILENAME}" !-f`
Packit	90a5c9	`RewriteCond "/var/www/my_blog/%{REQUEST_FILENAME}" !-d`
Packit	90a5c9	`RewriteRule "^" "index.php" [PT]`
Packit	90a5c9	`</Directory>`
Packit	90a5c9
Packit	90a5c9
Packit	90a5c9	`If, on the other hand, you wish to pass the requested URI as a query`
Packit	90a5c9	`string argument to index.php, you can replace that RewriteRule with:`
Packit	90a5c9
Packit	90a5c9	`RewriteRule "(.*)" "index.php?$1" [PT,QSA]`
Packit	90a5c9
Packit	90a5c9
Packit	90a5c9	`Note that these rulesets can be used in a .htaccess`
Packit	90a5c9	`file, as well as in a <Directory> block.`
Packit	90a5c9
Packit	90a5c9
Packit	90a5c9
Packit	90a5c9
Packit	90a5c9
Packit	90a5c9
Packit	90a5c9
Packit	90a5c9	`Rewrite query string`
Packit	90a5c9
Packit	90a5c9
Packit	90a5c9
Packit	90a5c9	`Description:`
Packit	90a5c9	`You want to capture a particular value from a query string`
Packit	90a5c9	`and either replace it or incorporate it into another component`
Packit	90a5c9	`of the URL.`
Packit	90a5c9
Packit	90a5c9	`Solutions:`
Packit	90a5c9
Packit	90a5c9	`Many of the solutions in this section will all use the same condition,`
Packit	90a5c9	`which leaves the matched value in the %2 backreference. %1 is the beginining`
Packit	90a5c9	`of the query string (up to the key of intererest), and %3 is the remainder. This`
Packit	90a5c9	`condition is a bit complex for flexibility and to avoid double '&&' in the`
Packit	90a5c9	`substitutions.`
Packit	90a5c9
Packit	90a5c9	`This solution removes the matching key and value:`
Packit	90a5c9
Packit	90a5c9	`# Remove mykey=???`
Packit	90a5c9	`RewriteCond "%{QUERY_STRING}" "(.(?:^\|&))mykey=([^&])&?(.*)&?$"`
Packit	90a5c9	`RewriteRule "(.*)" "$1?%1%3"`
Packit	90a5c9
Packit	90a5c9
Packit	90a5c9
Packit	90a5c9	`This solution uses the captured value in the URL subsitution,`
Packit	90a5c9	`discarding the rest of the original query by appending a '?':`
Packit	90a5c9
Packit	90a5c9	`# Copy from query string to PATH_INFO`
Packit	90a5c9	`RewriteCond "%{QUERY_STRING}" "(.(?:^\|&))mykey=([^&])&?(.*)&?$"`
Packit	90a5c9	`RewriteRule "(.*)" "$1/products/%2/?" [PT]`
Packit	90a5c9
Packit	90a5c9
Packit	90a5c9
Packit	90a5c9	`This solution checks the captured value in a subsequent condition:`
Packit	90a5c9
Packit	90a5c9	`# Capture the value of mykey in the query string`
Packit	90a5c9	`RewriteCond "%{QUERY_STRING}" "(.(?:^\|&))mykey=([^&])&?(.*)&?$"`
Packit	90a5c9	`RewriteCond "%2" !=not-so-secret-value`
Packit	90a5c9	`RewriteRule "(.*)" - [F]`
Packit	90a5c9
Packit	90a5c9
Packit	90a5c9
Packit	90a5c9	`This solution shows the reverse of the previous ones, copying`
Packit	90a5c9	`path components (perhaps PATH_INFO) from the URL into the query string.`
Packit	90a5c9	`# The desired URL might be /products/kitchen-sink, and the script expects`
Packit	90a5c9	`# /path?products=kitchen-sink.`
Packit	90a5c9	`RewriteRule "^/?path/([^/]+)/([^/]+)" "/path?$1=$2" [PT]`
Packit	90a5c9
Packit	90a5c9
Packit	90a5c9
Packit	90a5c9
Packit	90a5c9
Packit	90a5c9
Packit	90a5c9
Packit	90a5c9
Packit	90a5c9
Packit	90a5c9	`Available Languages: en \|`
Packit	90a5c9	`fr`
Packit	90a5c9	`Comments Notice: This is not a Q&A section. Comments placed here should be pointed towards suggestions on improving the documentation or server, and may be removed again by our moderators if they are either implemented or considered invalid/off-topic. Questions on how to manage the Apache HTTP Server should be directed at either our IRC channel, #httpd, on Freenode, or sent to our mailing lists.`
Packit	90a5c9	`<script type="text/javascript">`
Packit	90a5c9	`var comments_shortname = 'httpd';`
Packit	90a5c9	`var comments_identifier = 'http://httpd.apache.org/docs/2.4/rewrite/remapping.html';`
Packit	90a5c9	`(function(w, d) {`
Packit	90a5c9	`if (w.location.hostname.toLowerCase() == "httpd.apache.org") {`
Packit	90a5c9	`d.write('<\/div>');`
Packit	90a5c9	`var s = d.createElement('script');`
Packit	90a5c9	`s.type = 'text/javascript';`
Packit	90a5c9	`s.async = true;`
Packit	90a5c9	`s.src = 'https://comments.apache.org/show_comments.lua?site=' + comments_shortname + '&page=' + comments_identifier;`
Packit	90a5c9	`(d.getElementsByTagName('head')[0] \|\| d.getElementsByTagName('body')[0]).appendChild(s);`
Packit	90a5c9	`}`
Packit	90a5c9	`else {`
Packit	90a5c9	`d.write('Comments are disabled for this page at the moment.<\/div>');`
Packit	90a5c9	`}`
Packit	90a5c9	`})(window, document);`
Packit	90a5c9	`//--></script>`
Packit	90a5c9	`Copyright 2018 The Apache Software Foundation. Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0.`
Packit	90a5c9	`Modules \| Directives \| FAQ \| Glossary \| Sitemap <script type="text/javascript">`
Packit	90a5c9	`if (typeof(prettyPrint) !== 'undefined') {`
Packit	90a5c9	`prettyPrint();`
Packit	90a5c9	`}`
Packit	90a5c9	`//--></script>`
Packit	90a5c9	`</body></html>`

source-git / httpd

Source Code

Blame docs/manual/rewrite/remapping.html.en

Redirecting and Remapping with mod_rewrite

See also