/* rng/rand48.c

 * 

 * Copyright (C) 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2007 James Theiler, Brian Gough

 * 

 * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify

 * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by

 * the Free Software Foundation; either version 3 of the License, or (at

 * your option) any later version.

 * 

 * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but

 * WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of

 * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU

 * General Public License for more details.

 * 

 * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License

 * along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software

 * Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301, USA.

 */

#include <config.h>

#include <math.h>

#include <stdlib.h>

#include <gsl/gsl_sys.h>

#include <gsl/gsl_rng.h>

/* This is the Unix rand48() generator. The generator returns the

   upper 32 bits from each term of the sequence,

   x_{n+1} = (a x_n + c) mod m 

   using 48-bit unsigned arithmetic, with a = 0x5DEECE66D , c = 0xB

   and m = 2^48. The seed specifies the upper 32 bits of the initial

   value, x_1, with the lower 16 bits set to 0x330E.

   The theoretical value of x_{10001} is 244131582646046.

   The period of this generator is ? FIXME (probably around 2^48). */

static inline void rand48_advance (void *vstate);

static unsigned long int rand48_get (void *vstate);

static double rand48_get_double (void *vstate);

static void rand48_set (void *state, unsigned long int s);

static const unsigned short int a0 = 0xE66D ;

static const unsigned short int a1 = 0xDEEC ;

static const unsigned short int a2 = 0x0005 ;

static const unsigned short int c0 = 0x000B ;

typedef struct

  {

    unsigned short int x0, x1, x2;

  }

rand48_state_t;

static inline void

rand48_advance (void *vstate)

{

  rand48_state_t *state = (rand48_state_t *) vstate;

  /* work with unsigned long ints throughout to get correct integer

     promotions of any unsigned short ints */

  const unsigned long int x0 = (unsigned long int) state->x0 ;

  const unsigned long int x1 = (unsigned long int) state->x1 ;

  const unsigned long int x2 = (unsigned long int) state->x2 ;

  unsigned long int a ;

  a = a0 * x0 + c0 ;

  state->x0 = (a & 0xFFFF) ;

  a >>= 16 ;

  /* although the next line may overflow we only need the top 16 bits

     in the following stage, so it does not matter */

  a += a0 * x1 + a1 * x0 ; 

  state->x1 = (a & 0xFFFF) ;

  a >>= 16 ;

  a += a0 * x2 + a1 * x1 + a2 * x0 ;

  state->x2 = (a & 0xFFFF) ;

}

static unsigned long int 

rand48_get (void *vstate)

{

  unsigned long int x1, x2;

  rand48_state_t *state = (rand48_state_t *) vstate;

  rand48_advance (state) ;

  x2 = (unsigned long int) state->x2;

  x1 = (unsigned long int) state->x1;

  return (x2 << 16) + x1;

}

static double

rand48_get_double (void * vstate)

{

  rand48_state_t *state = (rand48_state_t *) vstate;

  rand48_advance (state) ;  

  return (ldexp((double) state->x2, -16)

          + ldexp((double) state->x1, -32) 

          + ldexp((double) state->x0, -48)) ;

}

static void

rand48_set (void *vstate, unsigned long int s)

{

  rand48_state_t *state = (rand48_state_t *) vstate;

  if (s == 0)  /* default seed */

    {

      state->x0 = 0x330E ;

      state->x1 = 0xABCD ;

      state->x2 = 0x1234 ;

    }

  else 

    {

      state->x0 = 0x330E ;

      state->x1 = s & 0xFFFF ;

      state->x2 = (s >> 16) & 0xFFFF ;

    }

  return;

}

static const gsl_rng_type rand48_type =

{"rand48",                      /* name */

 0xffffffffUL,                  /* RAND_MAX */

 0,                             /* RAND_MIN */

 sizeof (rand48_state_t),

 &rand48_set,

 &rand48_get,

 &rand48_get_double

};

const gsl_rng_type *gsl_rng_rand48 = &rand48_type;