/* poly/zsolve_cubic.c

 * 

 * Copyright (C) 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2007, 2009 Brian Gough

 * 

 * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify

 * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by

 * the Free Software Foundation; either version 3 of the License, or (at

 * your option) any later version.

 * 

 * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but

 * WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of

 * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU

 * General Public License for more details.

 * 

 * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License

 * along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software

 * Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301, USA.

 */

/* zsolve_cubic.c - finds the complex roots of x^3 + a x^2 + b x + c = 0 */

#include <config.h>

#include <math.h>

#include <gsl/gsl_math.h>

#include <gsl/gsl_complex.h>

#include <gsl/gsl_poly.h>

#define SWAP(a,b) do { double tmp = b ; b = a ; a = tmp ; } while(0)

int

gsl_poly_complex_solve_cubic (double a, double b, double c, 

                              gsl_complex *z0, gsl_complex *z1, 

                              gsl_complex *z2)

{

  double q = (a * a - 3 * b);

  double r = (2 * a * a * a - 9 * a * b + 27 * c);

  double Q = q / 9;

  double R = r / 54;

  double Q3 = Q * Q * Q;

  double R2 = R * R;

  double CR2 = 729 * r * r;

  double CQ3 = 2916 * q * q * q;

  if (R == 0 && Q == 0)

    {

      GSL_REAL (*z0) = -a / 3;

      GSL_IMAG (*z0) = 0;

      GSL_REAL (*z1) = -a / 3;

      GSL_IMAG (*z1) = 0;

      GSL_REAL (*z2) = -a / 3;

      GSL_IMAG (*z2) = 0;

      return 3;

    }

  else if (CR2 == CQ3) 

    {

      /* this test is actually R2 == Q3, written in a form suitable

         for exact computation with integers */

      /* Due to finite precision some double roots may be missed, and

         will be considered to be a pair of complex roots z = x +/-

         epsilon i close to the real axis. */

      double sqrtQ = sqrt (Q);

      if (R > 0)

        {

          GSL_REAL (*z0) = -2 * sqrtQ - a / 3;

          GSL_IMAG (*z0) = 0;

          GSL_REAL (*z1) = sqrtQ - a / 3;

          GSL_IMAG (*z1) = 0;

          GSL_REAL (*z2) = sqrtQ - a / 3;

          GSL_IMAG (*z2) = 0;

        }

      else

        {

          GSL_REAL (*z0) = -sqrtQ - a / 3;

          GSL_IMAG (*z0) = 0;

          GSL_REAL (*z1) = -sqrtQ - a / 3;

          GSL_IMAG (*z1) = 0;

          GSL_REAL (*z2) = 2 * sqrtQ - a / 3;

          GSL_IMAG (*z2) = 0;

        }

      return 3;

    }

  else if (R2 < Q3)

    {

      double sgnR = (R >= 0 ? 1 : -1);

      double ratio = sgnR * sqrt (R2 / Q3);

      double theta = acos (ratio);

      double norm = -2 * sqrt (Q);

      double r0 = norm * cos (theta / 3) - a / 3;

      double r1 = norm * cos ((theta + 2.0 * M_PI) / 3) - a / 3;

      double r2 = norm * cos ((theta - 2.0 * M_PI) / 3) - a / 3;

      /* Sort r0, r1, r2 into increasing order */

      if (r0 > r1)

        SWAP (r0, r1);

      if (r1 > r2)

        {

          SWAP (r1, r2);

          if (r0 > r1)

            SWAP (r0, r1);

        }

      GSL_REAL (*z0) = r0;

      GSL_IMAG (*z0) = 0;

      GSL_REAL (*z1) = r1;

      GSL_IMAG (*z1) = 0;

      GSL_REAL (*z2) = r2;

      GSL_IMAG (*z2) = 0;

      return 3;

    }

  else

    {

      double sgnR = (R >= 0 ? 1 : -1);

      double A = -sgnR * pow (fabs (R) + sqrt (R2 - Q3), 1.0 / 3.0);

      double B = Q / A;

      if (A + B < 0)

        {

          GSL_REAL (*z0) = A + B - a / 3;

          GSL_IMAG (*z0) = 0;

          GSL_REAL (*z1) = -0.5 * (A + B) - a / 3;

          GSL_IMAG (*z1) = -(sqrt (3.0) / 2.0) * fabs(A - B);

          GSL_REAL (*z2) = -0.5 * (A + B) - a / 3;

          GSL_IMAG (*z2) = (sqrt (3.0) / 2.0) * fabs(A - B);

        }

      else

        {

          GSL_REAL (*z0) = -0.5 * (A + B) - a / 3;

          GSL_IMAG (*z0) = -(sqrt (3.0) / 2.0) * fabs(A - B);

          GSL_REAL (*z1) = -0.5 * (A + B) - a / 3;

          GSL_IMAG (*z1) = (sqrt (3.0) / 2.0) * fabs(A - B);

          GSL_REAL (*z2) = A + B - a / 3;

          GSL_IMAG (*z2) = 0;

        }

      return 3;

    }

}