#define lin2_N         20  /* can be anything >= p */

#define lin2_P         5

static double lin2_x0[lin2_P] = { 1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0 };

static double lin2_epsrel = 1.0e-8;

static double lin2_J[lin2_N * lin2_P];

static void

lin2_checksol(const double x[], const double sumsq,

              const double epsrel, const char *sname,

              const char *pname)

{

  size_t i;

  const double n = (double) lin2_N;

  const double sumsq_exact = 0.5 * (n*(n - 1.0)) / (2.0*n + 1.0);

  const double sum_exact = 3.0 / (2.0*n + 1.0);

  double sum = 0.0;

  gsl_test_rel(sumsq, sumsq_exact, epsrel, "%s/%s sumsq",

               sname, pname);

  for (i = 0; i < lin2_P; ++i)

    sum += (i + 1.0) * x[i];

  gsl_test_rel(sum, sum_exact, epsrel, "%s/%s coeff sum",

               sname, pname);

}

static int

lin2_f (const gsl_vector * x, void *params, gsl_vector * f)

{

  size_t i, j;

  for (i = 0; i < lin2_N; ++i)

    {

      double fi = 0.0;

      for (j = 0; j < lin2_P; ++j)

        {

          double xj = gsl_vector_get(x, j);

          fi += (j + 1) * xj;

        }

      fi = (i + 1) * fi - 1.0;

      gsl_vector_set(f, i, fi);

    }

  (void)params; /* avoid unused parameter warning */

  return GSL_SUCCESS;

}

static int

lin2_df (CBLAS_TRANSPOSE_t TransJ, const gsl_vector * x,

         const gsl_vector * u, void * params, gsl_vector * v,

         gsl_matrix * JTJ)

{

  gsl_matrix_view J = gsl_matrix_view_array(lin2_J, lin2_N, lin2_P);

  size_t i, j;

  for (i = 0; i < lin2_N; ++i)

    {

      for (j = 0; j < lin2_P; ++j)

        {

          gsl_matrix_set(&J.matrix, i, j, (i + 1.0) * (j + 1.0));

        }

    }

  if (v)

    gsl_blas_dgemv(TransJ, 1.0, &J.matrix, u, 0.0, v);

  if (JTJ)

    gsl_blas_dsyrk(CblasLower, CblasTrans, 1.0, &J.matrix, 0.0, JTJ);

  (void)x;      /* avoid unused parameter warning */

  (void)params; /* avoid unused parameter warning */

  return GSL_SUCCESS;

}

static int

lin2_fvv (const gsl_vector * x, const gsl_vector * v,

          void *params, gsl_vector * fvv)

{

  (void)x; /* avoid unused parameter warnings */

  (void)v;

  (void)params;

  gsl_vector_set_zero(fvv);

  return GSL_SUCCESS;

}

static gsl_multilarge_nlinear_fdf lin2_func =

{

  lin2_f,

  lin2_df,

  lin2_fvv,

  lin2_N,

  lin2_P,

  NULL,

  0,

  0,

  0,

  0

};

static test_fdf_problem lin2_problem =

{

  "linear_rank1",

  lin2_x0,

  NULL,

  &lin2_epsrel,

  &lin2_checksol,

  &lin2_func

};