<page xmlns="http://projectmallard.org/1.0/" xmlns:uix="http://projectmallard.org/experimental/ui/" type="topic" id="menu-bars" xml:lang="de">

  <info>

    <credit type="author">

      <name>Allan Day</name>

      <email>aday@gnome.org</email>

    </credit>

    <credit>

      <name>Calum Benson</name>

    </credit>

    <credit>

      <name>Adam Elman</name>

    </credit>

    <credit>

      <name>Seth Nickell</name>

    </credit>

    <credit>

      <name>Colin Robertson</name>

    </credit>

    <link type="guide" xref="ui-elements"/>

    <uix:thumb mime="image/svg" src="figures/ui-elements/menu-bar.svg"/>

    <include xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude" href="legal.xml"/>

    <mal:credit xmlns:mal="http://projectmallard.org/1.0/" type="translator copyright">

      <mal:name>Christian Kirbach</mal:name>

      <mal:email>christian.kirbach@gmail.com</mal:email>

      <mal:years>2014</mal:years>

    </mal:credit>

    <mal:credit xmlns:mal="http://projectmallard.org/1.0/" type="translator copyright">

      <mal:name>Mario Blättermann</mal:name>

      <mal:email>mario.blaettermann@gmail.com</mal:email>

      <mal:years>2016</mal:years>

    </mal:credit>

  </info>

<title>Menüleisten</title>

Eine Menüleiste enthält eine Aufreihung von Auswahlmenüs. Sie befindet sich üblicherweise am oberen Rand eines primären Fenster, unterhalb von dessen Titelleiste.

<media type="image" mime="image/svg" src="figures/ui-elements/menu-bar.svg"/>

<section id="when-to-use">

<title>Anwendungsfälle</title>

Menu bars increase the vertical footprint of an application’s user interface, introduce a large number of disclosure points, and function as a fixed set of inflexible options. For these reasons, <link xref="header-bars">header bars</link> and <link xref="header-bar-menus">header bar menus</link> are generally recommended over menu bars, along with other design patterns for exposing controls on demand, such as <link xref="selection-mode">selection mode</link>, <link xref="action-bars">action bars</link>, and <link xref="popovers">popovers</link>.

At the same time, it can be appropriate for complex applications that already include a menu bar to retain it. Additionally, some platforms also incorporate space for a menu bar in their user environment, and a menu model can be desirable for cross-platform integration purposes.

</section>

<section id="standard-menus">

<title>Standardmenüs</title>

This section details the most common menus and menu items in a menu bar. For details on the standard items to include in each of these menus, see <link xref="keyboard-input#application-shortcuts">keyboard input</link>.

<gui>File</gui>

Commands that operate on the current document or content item as a whole. It is the left-most item in the menubar because of its importance and frequency of use, and because it is a relevant menu in many applications.

Falls Ihre Anwendung nicht dateibasiert arbeitet, benennen Sie dieses Menü anhand des Objekttyps um, den es darstellt. Beispielsweise könnte ein Musikwiedergabeprogramm ein <gui>Music</gui>- anstelle eines <gui>File</gui>-Menüs haben.

<gui>Edit</gui>

Das <gui>Edit</gui>-Menü enthält Einträge mit Bezug auf die Bearbeitung eines Dokuments, wie Aktionen mit der Zwischenablage, Suchen und Ersetzen sowie Einfügen von Objekten.

<gui>View</gui>

Includes items that affect the user’s view, such as of the current document or page, or how items are presented for browsing. Do not place any items on the <gui>View</gui> menu that affect content items.

<gui>Insert</gui>

Lists the types of objects that can be inserted into the current document, such as images, links or page breaks. Only provide this menu if you have more than about six types of object that can be inserted, otherwise place individual items for each type on the <gui>Edit</gui> menu.

<gui>Format</gui>

Includes commands to change the visual appearance of the document. For example, changing the font, color, or line spacing of a text selection.

The difference between these commands and those on the <gui>View</gui> menu is that changes made with <gui>Format</gui> commands are persistent and saved as part of the document.

Die Einträge im <gui>Format</gui>-Menü sind sehr anwendungsspezifisch.

<gui>Bookmarks</gui>

Provide a Bookmarks menu in any application that allows the user to browse files and folders, help documents, web pages or any other large information space.

<gui>Go</gui>

A <gui>Go</gui> menu provides commands for quickly navigating around a document or collection of documents, or an information space such as a directory structure or the web.

Der Inhalt des Menüs hängt von der Art der Anwendung ab.

<gui>Windows</gui>

Commands that apply to all of the application’s open windows. You may also label this menu <gui>Documents</gui>, <gui>Buffers</gui>, or similar according to the type of document handled by your application.

The last items on this menu are a numbered list of the application’s primary windows, for example <gui>1shoppinglist.abw</gui>. Selecting one of these items raises the corresponding window.

</section>

<section id="general-guidelines">

<title>Allgemeine Richtlinien</title>

<list>

<item>
Die Menüleiste ist normalerweise ständig sichtbar und mit der Tastatur kann immer darauf zugegriffen werden. Daher sollten Sie alle in Ihrer Anwendung verfügbaren Befehle auch in der Menüleiste verfügbar machen. (Diese Richtlinie bezieht sich nur auf Menüleisten – andere Menüs sollten keine Funktionalität reproduzieren, die über andere Bedienelemente erreichbar sind.)
</item>

<item>
Treat <link xref="application-menus">application menus</link> as part of the menu bar - it is not necessary to reproduce items from the application menu in other menus.
</item>

<item>
Do not disable menu titles. Allow the user to explore the menu, even though there might be no available items on it at that time.
</item>

<item>
Menu titles on a menubar are single words with their first letter capitalized. Do not use spaces in menu titles, as this makes them easily-mistaken for two separate menu titles. Do not use compound words (such as <gui>WindowOptions</gui>) or hyphens (such as <gui>Window-Options</gui>) to circumvent this guideline.
</item>

<item>
Bieten Sie besser keine Möglichkeit an, die Menüleiste zu verbergen, da dies unabsichtlich aktiviert werden könnte. Einige Benutzer könnten dann nicht mehr in der Lage sein herauszufinden, wie sie die Menüleiste wieder aktivieren können.
</item>

</list>

</section>

<section id="api-reference">

<title>API-Referenz</title>

<list>

<item>
<link href="https://developer.gnome.org/gtk3/stable/GtkMenu.html">GtkMenu</link>
</item>

<item>
<link href="https://developer.gnome.org/gtk3/stable/GtkMenuBar.html">GtkMenuBar</link>
</item>

<item>
<link href="https://developer.gnome.org/gtk3/stable/GtkMenuItem.html">GtkMenuItem</link>
</item>

<item>
<link href="https://developer.gnome.org/gtk3/stable/GtkRadioMenuItem.html">GtkRadioMenuItem</link>
</item>

<item>
<link href="https://developer.gnome.org/gtk3/stable/GtkCheckMenuItem.html">GtkCheckMenuItem</link>
</item>

<item>
<link href="https://developer.gnome.org/gtk3/stable/GtkSeparatorMenuItem.html">GtkSeparatorMenuItem</link>
</item>

</list>

</section>

</page>