"http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.1.2/docbookx.dtd" [

]>

     The GNU Free Documentation License 1.1 in DocBook

     Markup by Eric Baudais <baudais@okstate.edu>

     Maintained by the GNOME Documentation Project

     http://developer.gnome.org/projects/gdp

     Version: 1.0.1

     Last Modified: Dec 16, 2000

-->

<article id="index">

   <articleinfo>

    <title>GNU Free Documentation License</title>

      <releaseinfo>

	Version 1.1, March 2000

      </releaseinfo>

      <copyright>

	<year>2000</year><holder>Free Software Foundation, Inc.</holder>

      </copyright>

      <author>

        <surname>Free Software Foundation</surname>

      </author>

      <publisher role="maintainer">

        <publishername>GNOME Documentation Project</publishername>

      </publisher>

      <revhistory>

        <revision>

          <revnumber>1.1</revnumber>

          <date>2000-03</date>

        </revision>

      </revhistory>

      <legalnotice id="legalnotice">

	<para>

	  <address>Free Software Foundation, Inc. 

             <street>51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor</street>, 

             <city>Boston</city>, 

             <state>MA</state> <postcode>02110-1301</postcode>

	    <country>USA</country></address>. Everyone is permitted to

	    copy and distribute verbatim copies of this license

	    document, but changing it is not allowed.

	</para>

      </legalnotice>

      <abstract role="description"><para>

      The purpose of this License is to make a manual, textbook, or

      other written document <quote>free</quote> in the sense of

      freedom: to assure everyone the effective freedom to copy and

      redistribute it, with or without modifying it, either

      commercially or noncommercially. Secondarily, this License

      preserves for the author and publisher a way to get credit for

      their work, while not being considered responsible for

      modifications made by others.</para></abstract>

    </articleinfo>

  <sect1 id="fdl-preamble" label="0">

    <title>PREAMBLE</title>

    <para>

      The purpose of this License is to make a manual, textbook, or

      other written document <quote>free</quote> in the sense of

      freedom: to assure everyone the effective freedom to copy and

      redistribute it, with or without modifying it, either

      commercially or noncommercially. Secondarily, this License

      preserves for the author and publisher a way to get credit for

      their work, while not being considered responsible for

      modifications made by others.

    </para>

    <para>

      This License is a kind of <quote>copyleft</quote>, which means

      that derivative works of the document must themselves be free in

      the same sense. It complements the GNU General Public License,

      which is a copyleft license designed for free software.

    </para>

    <para>

      We have designed this License in order to use it for manuals for

      free software, because free software needs free documentation: a

      free program should come with manuals providing the same

      freedoms that the software does. But this License is not limited

      to software manuals; it can be used for any textual work,

      regardless of subject matter or whether it is published as a

      printed book. We recommend this License principally for works

      whose purpose is instruction or reference.

    </para>

  </sect1>

  <sect1 id="fdl-section1" label="1">

    <title>APPLICABILITY AND DEFINITIONS</title>

    <para id="fdl-document">

      This License applies to any manual or other work that contains a

      notice placed by the copyright holder saying it can be

      distributed under the terms of this License. The

      <quote>Document</quote>, below, refers to any such manual or

      work. Any member of the public is a licensee, and is addressed

      as <quote>you</quote>.

    </para>

    <para id="fdl-modified">

      A <quote>Modified Version</quote> of the Document means any work

      containing the Document or a portion of it, either copied

      verbatim, or with modifications and/or translated into another

      language.

    </para>

    <para id="fdl-secondary">

      A <quote>Secondary Section</quote> is a named appendix or a

      front-matter section of the 

      linkend="fdl-document">Document</link> that deals exclusively

      with the relationship of the publishers or authors of the

      Document to the Document's overall subject (or to related

      matters) and contains nothing that could fall directly within

      that overall subject. (For example, if the Document is in part a

      textbook of mathematics, a Secondary Section may not explain any

      mathematics.)  The relationship could be a matter of historical

      connection with the subject or with related matters, or of

      legal, commercial, philosophical, ethical or political position

      regarding them.

    </para>

    <para id="fdl-invariant">

      The <quote>Invariant Sections</quote> are certain 

      linkend="fdl-secondary"> Secondary Sections</link> whose titles

      are designated, as being those of Invariant Sections, in the

      notice that says that the 

      linkend="fdl-document">Document</link> is released under this

      License.

    </para>

    <para id="fdl-cover-texts">

      The <quote>Cover Texts</quote> are certain short passages of

      text that are listed, as Front-Cover Texts or Back-Cover Texts,

      in the notice that says that the 

      linkend="fdl-document">Document</link> is released under this

      License.

    </para>

    <para id="fdl-transparent">

      A <quote>Transparent</quote> copy of the 

      linkend="fdl-document"> Document</link> means a machine-readable

      copy, represented in a format whose specification is available

      to the general public, whose contents can be viewed and edited

      directly and straightforwardly with generic text editors or (for

      images composed of pixels) generic paint programs or (for

      drawings) some widely available drawing editor, and that is

      suitable for input to text formatters or for automatic

      translation to a variety of formats suitable for input to text

      formatters. A copy made in an otherwise Transparent file format

      whose markup has been designed to thwart or discourage

      subsequent modification by readers is not Transparent.  A copy

      that is not <quote>Transparent</quote> is called

      <quote>Opaque</quote>.

    </para>

    <para>

      Examples of suitable formats for Transparent copies include

      plain ASCII without markup, Texinfo input format, LaTeX input

      format, SGML or XML using a publicly available DTD, and

      standard-conforming simple HTML designed for human

      modification. Opaque formats include PostScript, PDF,

      proprietary formats that can be read and edited only by

      proprietary word processors, SGML or XML for which the DTD

      and/or processing tools are not generally available, and the

      machine-generated HTML produced by some word processors for

      output purposes only.

    </para>

    <para id="fdl-title-page">

      The <quote>Title Page</quote> means, for a printed book, the

      title page itself, plus such following pages as are needed to

      hold, legibly, the material this License requires to appear in

      the title page. For works in formats which do not have any title

      page as such, <quote>Title Page</quote> means the text near the

      most prominent appearance of the work's title, preceding the

      beginning of the body of the text.

    </para>

  </sect1>

  <sect1 id="fdl-section2" label="2">

    <title>VERBATIM COPYING</title>

    <para>

      You may copy and distribute the 

      linkend="fdl-document">Document</link> in any medium, either

      commercially or noncommercially, provided that this License, the

      copyright notices, and the license notice saying this License

      applies to the Document are reproduced in all copies, and that

      you add no other conditions whatsoever to those of this

      License. You may not use technical measures to obstruct or

      control the reading or further copying of the copies you make or

      distribute. However, you may accept compensation in exchange for

      copies. If you distribute a large enough number of copies you

      must also follow the conditions in 

      linkend="fdl-section3">section 3</link>.

    </para>

    <para>

      You may also lend copies, under the same conditions stated

      above, and you may publicly display copies.

    </para>

    </sect1>

  <sect1 id="fdl-section3" label="3">

    <title>COPYING IN QUANTITY</title>

    <para>

      If you publish printed copies of the 

      linkend="fdl-document">Document</link> numbering more than 100,

      and the Document's license notice requires 

      linkend="fdl-cover-texts">Cover Texts</link>, you must enclose

      the copies in covers that carry, clearly and legibly, all these

      Cover Texts: Front-Cover Texts on the front cover, and

      Back-Cover Texts on the back cover. Both covers must also

      clearly and legibly identify you as the publisher of these

      copies. The front cover must present the full title with all

      words of the title equally prominent and visible. You may add

      other material on the covers in addition. Copying with changes

      limited to the covers, as long as they preserve the title of the

      <link linkend="fdl-document">Document</link> and satisfy these

      conditions, can be treated as verbatim copying in other

      respects.

    </para>

    <para>

      If the required texts for either cover are too voluminous to fit

      legibly, you should put the first ones listed (as many as fit

      reasonably) on the actual cover, and continue the rest onto

      adjacent pages.

    </para>

    <para>

      If you publish or distribute 

      linkend="fdl-transparent">Opaque</link> copies of the 

      linkend="fdl-document">Document</link> numbering more than 100,

      you must either include a machine-readable 

      linkend="fdl-transparent">Transparent</link> copy along with

      each Opaque copy, or state in or with each Opaque copy a

      publicly-accessible computer-network location containing a

      complete Transparent copy of the Document, free of added

      material, which the general network-using public has access to

      download anonymously at no charge using public-standard network

      protocols. If you use the latter option, you must take

      reasonably prudent steps, when you begin distribution of Opaque

      copies in quantity, to ensure that this Transparent copy will

      remain thus accessible at the stated location until at least one

      year after the last time you distribute an Opaque copy (directly

      or through your agents or retailers) of that edition to the

      public.

    </para>

    <para>

      It is requested, but not required, that you contact the authors

      of the <link linkend="fdl-document">Document</link> well before

      redistributing any large number of copies, to give them a chance

      to provide you with an updated version of the Document.

    </para>

    </sect1>

  <sect1 id="fdl-section4" label="4">

    <title>MODIFICATIONS</title>

    <para>

      You may copy and distribute a 

      linkend="fdl-modified">Modified Version</link> of the 

      linkend="fdl-document">Document</link> under the conditions of

      sections <link linkend="fdl-section2">2</link> and 

      linkend="fdl-section3">3</link> above, provided that you release

      the Modified Version under precisely this License, with the

      Modified Version filling the role of the Document, thus

      licensing distribution and modification of the Modified Version

      to whoever possesses a copy of it. In addition, you must do

      these things in the Modified Version:

    </para>

    <itemizedlist mark="upper-alpha">

      <listitem>

	  <para>

	    Use in the <link linkend="fdl-title-page">Title

	    Page</link> (and on the covers, if any) a title distinct

	    from that of the 

	    linkend="fdl-document">Document</link>, and from those of

	    previous versions (which should, if there were any, be

	    listed in the History section of the Document). You may

	    use the same title as a previous version if the original

	    publisher of that version gives permission.

	  </para>

      </listitem>

      <listitem>

	  <para>

	    List on the <link linkend="fdl-title-page">Title

	    Page</link>, as authors, one or more persons or entities

	    responsible for authorship of the modifications in the

	    <link linkend="fdl-modified">Modified Version</link>,

	    together with at least five of the principal authors of

	    the <link linkend="fdl-document">Document</link> (all of

	    its principal authors, if it has less than five).

	  </para>

      </listitem>

      <listitem>

	  <para>

	    State on the <link linkend="fdl-title-page">Title

	    Page</link> the name of the publisher of the 

	    linkend="fdl-modified">Modified Version</link>, as the

	    publisher.

	  </para>

      </listitem>

      <listitem>

	  <para>

	    Preserve all the copyright notices of the 

	    linkend="fdl-document">Document</link>.

	  </para>

      </listitem>

      <listitem>

	  <para>

	    Add an appropriate copyright notice for your modifications

	    adjacent to the other copyright notices.

	  </para>

      </listitem>

      <listitem>

	  <para>

	    Include, immediately after the copyright notices, a

	    license notice giving the public permission to use the

	    <link linkend="fdl-modified">Modified Version</link> under

	    the terms of this License, in the form shown in the

	    Addendum below.

	  </para>

      </listitem>

      <listitem>

	  <para>

	    Preserve in that license notice the full lists of 

	    linkend="fdl-invariant"> Invariant Sections</link> and

	    required <link linkend="fdl-cover-texts">Cover

	    Texts</link> given in the 

	    linkend="fdl-document">Document's</link> license notice.

	  </para>

      </listitem>

      <listitem>

	  <para>

	    Include an unaltered copy of this License.

	  </para>

      </listitem>

      <listitem>

	  <para>

	    Preserve the section entitled <quote>History</quote>, and

	    its title, and add to it an item stating at least the

	    title, year, new authors, and publisher of the 

	    linkend="fdl-modified">Modified Version </link>as given on

	    the <link linkend="fdl-title-page">Title Page</link>.  If

	    there is no section entitled <quote>History</quote> in the

	    <link linkend="fdl-document">Document</link>, create one

	    stating the title, year, authors, and publisher of the

	    Document as given on its Title Page, then add an item

	    describing the Modified Version as stated in the previous

	    sentence.

	  </para>

      </listitem>

      <listitem>

	  <para>

	    Preserve the network location, if any, given in the 

	    linkend="fdl-document">Document</link> for public access

	    to a <link linkend="fdl-transparent">Transparent</link>

	    copy of the Document, and likewise the network locations

	    given in the Document for previous versions it was based

	    on. These may be placed in the <quote>History</quote>

	    section.  You may omit a network location for a work that

	    was published at least four years before the Document

	    itself, or if the original publisher of the version it

	    refers to gives permission.

	  </para>

      </listitem>

      <listitem>

	  <para>

	    In any section entitled <quote>Acknowledgements</quote> or

	    <quote>Dedications</quote>, preserve the section's title,

	    and preserve in the section all the substance and tone of

	    each of the contributor acknowledgements and/or

	    dedications given therein.

	  </para>

      </listitem>

      <listitem>

	  <para>

	    Preserve all the <link linkend="fdl-invariant">Invariant

	    Sections</link> of the 

	    linkend="fdl-document">Document</link>, unaltered in their

	    text and in their titles.  Section numbers or the

	    equivalent are not considered part of the section titles.

	  </para>

      </listitem>

      <listitem>

	  <para>

	    Delete any section entitled

	    <quote>Endorsements</quote>. Such a section may not be

	    included in the <link linkend="fdl-modified">Modified

	    Version</link>.

	  </para>

      </listitem>

      <listitem>

	  <para>

	    Do not retitle any existing section as

	    <quote>Endorsements</quote> or to conflict in title with

	    any <link linkend="fdl-invariant">Invariant

	    Section</link>.

	  </para>

      </listitem>

    </itemizedlist>

    <para>

      If the <link linkend="fdl-modified">Modified Version</link>

      includes new front-matter sections or appendices that qualify as

      <link linkend="fdl-secondary">Secondary Sections</link> and

      contain no material copied from the Document, you may at your

      option designate some or all of these sections as invariant. To

      do this, add their titles to the list of 

      linkend="fdl-invariant">Invariant Sections</link> in the

      Modified Version's license notice.  These titles must be

      distinct from any other section titles.

    </para>

    <para>

      You may add a section entitled <quote>Endorsements</quote>,

      provided it contains nothing but endorsements of your 

      linkend="fdl-modified">Modified Version</link> by various

      parties--for example, statements of peer review or that the text

      has been approved by an organization as the authoritative

      definition of a standard.

    </para>

    <para>

      You may add a passage of up to five words as a 

      linkend="fdl-cover-texts">Front-Cover Text</link>, and a passage

      of up to 25 words as a 

      linkend="fdl-cover-texts">Back-Cover Text</link>, to the end of

      the list of <link linkend="fdl-cover-texts">Cover Texts</link>

      in the <link linkend="fdl-modified">Modified Version</link>.

      Only one passage of Front-Cover Text and one of Back-Cover Text

      may be added by (or through arrangements made by) any one

      entity. If the <link linkend="fdl-document">Document</link>

      already includes a cover text for the same cover, previously

      added by you or by arrangement made by the same entity you are

      acting on behalf of, you may not add another; but you may

      replace the old one, on explicit permission from the previous

      publisher that added the old one.

    </para>

    <para>

      The author(s) and publisher(s) of the 

      linkend="fdl-document">Document</link> do not by this License

      give permission to use their names for publicity for or to

      assert or imply endorsement of any 

      linkend="fdl-modified">Modified Version </link>.

    </para>

  </sect1>

  <sect1 id="fdl-section5" label="5">

    <title>COMBINING DOCUMENTS</title>

    <para>

      You may combine the <link linkend="fdl-document">Document</link>

      with other documents released under this License, under the

      terms defined in <link linkend="fdl-section4">section 4</link>

      above for modified versions, provided that you include in the

      combination all of the <link linkend="fdl-invariant">Invariant

      Sections</link> of all of the original documents, unmodified,

      and list them all as Invariant Sections of your combined work in

      its license notice.

    </para>

    <para>

      The combined work need only contain one copy of this License,

      and multiple identical <link linkend="fdl-invariant">Invariant

      Sections</link> may be replaced with a single copy. If there are

      multiple Invariant Sections with the same name but different

      contents, make the title of each such section unique by adding

      at the end of it, in parentheses, the name of the original

      author or publisher of that section if known, or else a unique

      number. Make the same adjustment to the section titles in the

      list of Invariant Sections in the license notice of the combined

      work.

    </para>

    <para>

      In the combination, you must combine any sections entitled

      <quote>History</quote> in the various original documents,

      forming one section entitled <quote>History</quote>; likewise

      combine any sections entitled <quote>Acknowledgements</quote>,

      and any sections entitled <quote>Dedications</quote>.  You must

      delete all sections entitled <quote>Endorsements.</quote>

    </para>

    </sect1>

  <sect1 id="fdl-section6" label="6">

    <title>COLLECTIONS OF DOCUMENTS</title>

    <para>

      You may make a collection consisting of the 

      linkend="fdl-document">Document</link> and other documents

      released under this License, and replace the individual copies

      of this License in the various documents with a single copy that

      is included in the collection, provided that you follow the

      rules of this License for verbatim copying of each of the

      documents in all other respects.

    </para>

    <para>

      You may extract a single document from such a collection, and

      distribute it individually under this License, provided you

      insert a copy of this License into the extracted document, and

      follow this License in all other respects regarding verbatim

      copying of that document.

    </para>

    </sect1>

  <sect1 id="fdl-section7" label="7">

    <title>AGGREGATION WITH INDEPENDENT WORKS</title>

    <para>

      A compilation of the 

      linkend="fdl-document">Document</link> or its derivatives with

      other separate and independent documents or works, in or on a

      volume of a storage or distribution medium, does not as a whole

      count as a <link linkend="fdl-modified">Modified Version</link>

      of the Document, provided no compilation copyright is claimed

      for the compilation.  Such a compilation is called an

      <quote>aggregate</quote>, and this License does not apply to the

      other self-contained works thus compiled with the Document , on

      account of their being thus compiled, if they are not themselves

      derivative works of the Document.  If the 

      linkend="fdl-cover-texts">Cover Text</link> requirement of 

      linkend="fdl-section3">section 3</link> is applicable to these

      copies of the Document, then if the Document is less than one

      quarter of the entire aggregate, the Document's Cover Texts may

      be placed on covers that surround only the Document within the

      aggregate. Otherwise they must appear on covers around the whole

      aggregate.

    </para>

    </sect1>

  <sect1 id="fdl-section8" label="8">

    <title>TRANSLATION</title>

    <para>

      Translation is considered a kind of modification, so you may

      distribute translations of the 

      linkend="fdl-document">Document</link> under the terms of 

      linkend="fdl-section4">section 4</link>. Replacing 

      linkend="fdl-invariant"> Invariant Sections</link> with

      translations requires special permission from their copyright

      holders, but you may include translations of some or all

      Invariant Sections in addition to the original versions of these

      Invariant Sections. You may include a translation of this

      License provided that you also include the original English

      version of this License. In case of a disagreement between the

      translation and the original English version of this License,

      the original English version will prevail.

    </para>

    </sect1>

  <sect1 id="fdl-section9" label="9">

    <title>TERMINATION</title>

    <para>

      You may not copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute the 

      linkend="fdl-document">Document</link> except as expressly

      provided for under this License. Any other attempt to copy,

      modify, sublicense or distribute the Document is void, and will

      automatically terminate your rights under this License. However,

      parties who have received copies, or rights, from you under this

      License will not have their licenses terminated so long as such

      parties remain in full compliance.

    </para>

    </sect1>

  <sect1 id="fdl-section10" label="10">

    <title>FUTURE REVISIONS OF THIS LICENSE</title>

    <para>

      The 

      url="http://www.gnu.org/fsf/fsf.html">Free Software

      Foundation</ulink> may publish new, revised versions of the GNU

      Free Documentation License from time to time. Such new versions

      will be similar in spirit to the present version, but may differ

      in detail to address new problems or concerns. See 

      type="http"

      url="http://www.gnu.org/copyleft">http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/</ulink>.

    </para>

    <para>

      Each version of the License is given a distinguishing version

      number. If the <link linkend="fdl-document">Document</link>

      specifies that a particular numbered version of this License

      <quote>or any later version</quote> applies to it, you have the

      option of following the terms and conditions either of that

      specified version or of any later version that has been

      published (not as a draft) by the Free Software Foundation. If

      the Document does not specify a version number of this License,

      you may choose any version ever published (not as a draft) by

      the Free Software Foundation.

    </para>

  </sect1>

  <sect1 id="fdl-using" label="none">

    <title>Addendum</title>

    <para>

      To use this License in a document you have written, include a copy of

      the License in the document and put the following copyright and

      license notices just after the title page:

    </para>

      <para>

	Copyright © YEAR YOUR NAME.

      </para>

      <para>

	Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this

	document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation

	License, Version 1.1 or any later version published by the

	Free Software Foundation; with the 

	linkend="fdl-invariant">Invariant Sections</link> being LIST

	THEIR TITLES, with the 

	linkend="fdl-cover-texts">Front-Cover Texts</link> being LIST,

	and with the <link linkend="fdl-cover-texts">Back-Cover

	Texts</link> being LIST.  A copy of the license is included in

	the section entitled <quote>GNU Free Documentation

	License</quote>.

      </para>

    <para>

      If you have no <link linkend="fdl-invariant">Invariant

      Sections</link>, write <quote>with no Invariant Sections</quote>

      instead of saying which ones are invariant.  If you have no

      <link linkend="fdl-cover-texts">Front-Cover Texts</link>, write

      <quote>no Front-Cover Texts</quote> instead of

      <quote>Front-Cover Texts being LIST</quote>; likewise for 

      linkend="fdl-cover-texts">Back-Cover Texts</link>.

    </para>

    <para>

      If your document contains nontrivial examples of program code,

      we recommend releasing these examples in parallel under your

      choice of free software license, such as the 

      url="http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/gpl.html"> GNU General Public

      License</ulink>, to permit their use in free software.

    </para>

  </sect1>

</article>