Copyright 1996, 1999, 2001, 2002, 2004 Free Software Foundation, Inc.

This file is part of the GNU MP Library.

The GNU MP Library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify

it under the terms of either:

  * the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by the Free

    Software Foundation; either version 3 of the License, or (at your

    option) any later version.

or

  * the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software

    Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or (at your option) any

    later version.

or both in parallel, as here.

The GNU MP Library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but

WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY

or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License

for more details.

You should have received copies of the GNU General Public License and the

GNU Lesser General Public License along with the GNU MP Library.  If not,

see https://www.gnu.org/licenses/.

This directory contains mpn functions for various HP PA-RISC chips.  Code

that runs faster on the PA7100 and later implementations, is in the pa7100

directory.

RELEVANT OPTIMIZATION ISSUES

  Load and Store timing

On the PA7000 no memory instructions can issue the two cycles after a store.

For the PA7100, this is reduced to one cycle.

The PA7100 has a lookup-free cache, so it helps to schedule loads and the

dependent instruction really far from each other.

STATUS

1. mpn_mul_1 could be improved to 6.5 cycles/limb on the PA7100, using the

   instructions below (but some sw pipelining is needed to avoid the

   xmpyu-fstds delay):

	fldds	s1_ptr

	xmpyu

	fstds	N(%r30)

	xmpyu

	fstds	N(%r30)

	ldws	N(%r30)

	ldws	N(%r30)

	ldws	N(%r30)

	ldws	N(%r30)

	addc

	stws	res_ptr

	addc

	stws	res_ptr

	addib	Loop

2. mpn_addmul_1 could be improved from the current 10 to 7.5 cycles/limb

   (asymptotically) on the PA7100, using the instructions below.  With proper

   sw pipelining and the unrolling level below, the speed becomes 8

   cycles/limb.

	fldds	s1_ptr

	fldds	s1_ptr

	xmpyu

	fstds	N(%r30)

	xmpyu

	fstds	N(%r30)

	xmpyu

	fstds	N(%r30)

	xmpyu

	fstds	N(%r30)

	ldws	N(%r30)

	ldws	N(%r30)

	ldws	N(%r30)

	ldws	N(%r30)

	ldws	N(%r30)

	ldws	N(%r30)

	ldws	N(%r30)

	ldws	N(%r30)

	addc

	addc

	addc

	addc

	addc	%r0,%r0,cy-limb

	ldws	res_ptr

	ldws	res_ptr

	ldws	res_ptr

	ldws	res_ptr

	add

	stws	res_ptr

	addc

	stws	res_ptr

	addc

	stws	res_ptr

	addc

	stws	res_ptr

	addib

3. For the PA8000 we have to stick to using 32-bit limbs before compiler

   support emerges.  But we want to use 64-bit operations whenever possible,

   in particular for loads and stores.  It is possible to handle mpn_add_n

   efficiently by rotating (when s1/s2 are aligned), masking+bit field

   inserting when (they are not).  The speed should double compared to the

   code used today.

LABEL SYNTAX

The HP-UX assembler takes labels starting in column 0 with no colon,

	L$loop  ldws,mb -4(0,%r25),%r22

Gas on hppa GNU/Linux however requires a colon,

	L$loop: ldws,mb -4(0,%r25),%r22

This is covered by using LDEF() from asm-defs.m4.  An alternative would be

to use ".label" which is accepted by both,

		.label  L$loop

		ldws,mb -4(0,%r25),%r22

but that's not as nice to look at, not if you're used to assembler code

having labels in column 0.

REFERENCES

Hewlett Packard, "HP Assembler Reference Manual", 9th edition, June 1998,

part number 92432-90012.

----------------

Local variables:

mode: text

fill-column: 76

End: