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.TH gfs2_edit 8
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.SH NAME
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gfs2_edit - Display, print or edit GFS2 or GFS internal structures.
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.SH SYNOPSIS
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.B gfs2_edit
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[\fIOPTION\fR]... [\fIDEVICE\fR]
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.SH DESCRIPTION
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The gfs2_edit command is a tool used to examine, edit or
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display internal data structures of a GFS2 or GFS file system.
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The gfs2_edit command can be run interactively, as described
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below in INTERACTIVE MODE.
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Caution: Several options of the gfs2_edit command alter the
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file system metadata and can cause file system corruption.
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These options should be used with great care.
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.SH OPTIONS
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.TP
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\fB-p\fP [\fIstruct\fR | \fIblock\fR] [\fIblocktype\fR] [\fIblockalloc [val]\fR] [\fIblockbits\fR] [\fIblockrg\fR] [\fIfind sb|rg|rb|di|in|lf|jd|lh|ld|ea|ed|lb|13|qc\fR] [\fIfield <field> [val]\fR]
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Print a gfs2 data structure in human-readable format to stdout.
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You can enter either a block number or a data structure name. Block numbers
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may be specified in hex (e.g., 0x10) or decimal (e.g., 16).
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You can specify the following well-known locations with the -p option.
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\fIsb\fR, \fIsuperblock\fR - Print the superblock.
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\fIroot\fR - Print the root directory.
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\fImaster\fR - Print the master system directory.
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\fIjindex\fR - Print the journal index system directory.
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\fIper_node\fR - Print the per_node system directory.
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\fIinum\fR - Print the system inum file.
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\fIstatfs\fR - Print the system statfs file.
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\fIrindex\fR, \fIrgindex\fR - Print the resource group index system file.
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\fIrg X\fR - Print the resource group information for RG X (zero-based).
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\fIrgs\fR - Print the resource group information.
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\fIquota\fR - Print the contents of the system quota file.
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\fIidentify\fR - Identify a data block rather than print the block's contents.
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\fIsize\fR - Print the device size information.
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\fIjournalX\fR - Print the contents of journal X, where X is a journal
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number from 0 to <the number of journals in your file system - 1>.
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Only the journal headers and journal descriptors are dumped. For journal
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descriptors, this option prints out every file system block number logged
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in that section of the journal. The actual journaled blocks are not printed.
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If you specify a block number rather than a structure name, gfs2_edit will
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print out a breakdown of the structure for that block.
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For example: \fBgfs2_edit -p sb\fP will print the superblock, but so does
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\fBgfs2_edit -p 0x10\fP and \fBgfs2_edit -p 16\fP.
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If you specify -p without a block or structure name, gfs2_edit prints the
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superblock.
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You can specify more than one data structure with a single -p option.
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For example, \fBgfs2_edit -p inum statfs /dev/sda1\fP prints the system inum
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file and the system statfs file on /dev/sda1.
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Optionally, you may specify the keyword \fIblocktype\fR to print out the
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gfs2 block type for the specified block. Valid gfs2 block types are:
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0 (Clump), 1 (Superblock), 2 (Resource Group Header), 3 (Resource Group
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Bitmap), 4 (Dinode), 5 (Indirect Block), 6 (Leaf), 7 (Journaled data),
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8 (Log Header), 9 (Log descriptor), 10 (Extended attribute),
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11 (Eattr Data), 12 (Log Buffer), 13 (Invalid), and 14 (Quota Change).
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Optionally, you may specify the keyword \fIblockalloc\fR with an
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optional value to assign. If no value is specified, the blockalloc
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keyword will print the block allocation type for the specified block.
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Valid block allocation types are: 0 (Free block), 1 (Data block),
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2 (Unlinked block), and 3 (Metadata block). If a value from 0 to 3 is
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specified, the resource group bitmap will be changed to the new value.
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This may be used, for example, to artificially free or allocate a block
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in order to test fsck.gfs2's ability to detect and fix the problem.
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Optionally, you may specify the keyword \fIblockbits\fR. This option
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will locate and print the block containing the bitmap corresponding to
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the specified block.
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Optionally, you may specify the keyword \fIblockrg\fR. This option
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will locate and print the block number of the resource group that holds
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information about the specified block.
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You may also use gfs2_edit to find the next occurrence of a metadata
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block of a certain type. Valid metadata types are: \fInone\fR (unused
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metadata clump block), \fIsb\fR (superblock), \fIrg\fR (resource group),
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\fIrb\fR (rg bitmap), \fIdi\fR (disk inode aka dinode), \fIin\fR (indirect
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block list), \fIlf\fR (directory leaf), \fIjd\fR (journaled data),
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\fIlh\fR (journal log header), \fIld\fR (journal log descriptor),
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\fIea\fR (extended attribute), \fIed\fR (ea data block), \fIlb\fR (log buffer),
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\fI13\fR (unused block type 13), \fIqc\fR (quota change).
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The block AFTER the one specified with -p is the starting point for
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the search. For example, if you specify \fBgfs2_edit -p rg 12 find rg
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/dev/your/device\fP, it will find the rg that follows rg 12 (normally,
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this would be rg 13). Note, however, that since metadata often appears
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in the journals, it could be a copy of a different RG, inside a journal.
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Also note that gfs2_edit will only find \fBallocated\fR metadata blocks
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unless the type specified is none, sb, rg or rb. In other words, if you
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try to find a disk inode, it will only find an allocated dinode, not a
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deallocated one.
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Optionally, you may specify the keyword \fIfield\fR followed by a
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valid metadata field name. Right now, only the fields in disk inodes
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and resource groups are allowed. If no value is specified after the
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field, the value of the field will be printed to stdout. If a value
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is specified, the field's value will be changed. This may be used,
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for example, to artificially change the di_size field for an inode
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in order to test fsck.gfs2's ability to detect and fix the problem.
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.TP
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\fB-s\fs [\fIstructure\fR | \fIblock\fR]
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Specify a starting block for interactive mode. Any of the well-known
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locations found in the -p option may be specified. If you want to start
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on a particular resource group, specify it in quotes, e.g. -s "rg 3"
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.TP
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\fB-h, -help, -usage\fP
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Print help information.
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.TP
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\fB-c\fP [\fI0\fR | \fI1\fR]
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Use alternate color scheme for interactive mode: 0=normal (dark colors on
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white background), or 1 (light colors on black background).
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.TP
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\fB-V\fP
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Print program version information only.
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.TP
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\fB-x\fP
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Print in hex mode.
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.TP
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\fB-z <0-9>\fP
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Compress metadata with gzip compression level 1 to 9 (default 9). 0 means no compression at all.
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.TP
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\fBrg\fP \fI<rg>\fR \fI<device>\fR
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Print the contents of Resource Group \fI<rg>\fR on \fI<device>\fR.
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\fI<rg>\fR is a number from 0 to X - 1, where X is the number of RGs.
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.TP
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\fBrgcount\fP \fI<device>\fR
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Print the number of Resource Groups in the file system on \fI<device>\fR.
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.TP
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\fBrgflags\fP \fI<rg>\fR [\fInew_value\fR] \fI<device>\fR
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Print and/or modify the rg_flags value of Resource Group \fI<rg>\fR on
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\fI<device>\fR.
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\fI<rg>\fR is a number from 0 to X - 1, where X is the number of RGs.
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If \fInew_value\fR is not specified, the current rg_flags value will be
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printed but not modified. If \fInew_value\fR is specified, the rg_flags
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field will be overwritten with the new value.
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.TP
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\fBprintsavedmeta\fP \fI<filename.gz>\fR
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Print off a list of blocks from <filename.gz> that were saved with the savemeta
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option.
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.TP
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\fBsavemeta\fP \fI<device>\fR \fI<filename.gz>\fR
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Save off the GFS2 metadata (not user data) for the file system on the
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specified device to a file given by <filename>. You can use this option
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to analyze file system problems without revealing sensitive information
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that may be contained in the files. This option works quickly by
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using the system bitmap blocks in the resource groups to determine the
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location of all the metadata. If there is corruption
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in the bitmaps, resource groups or rindex file, this method may fail and
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you may need to use the savemetaslow option. The destination file is
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compressed using gzip unless -z 0 is specified.
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.TP
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\fBsavemetaslow\fP \fI<device>\fR \fI<filename.gz>\fR
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Save off GFS2 metadata, as with the savemeta option, examining every
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block in the file system for metadata. This option is less prone to failure
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due to file system corruption than the savemeta option, but it is
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extremely slow. The destination file is compressed using gzip unless
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-z 0 is specified.
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.TP
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\fBsavergs\fP \fI<device>\fR \fI<filename.gz>\fR
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Save off only the GFS2 resource group metadata for the file system on the
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specified device to a file given by <filename>. The destination file is
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compressed using gzip unless -z 0 is specified.
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.TP
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\fBrestoremeta\fP \fI<filename>\fR \fI<dest device>\fR
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Take a compressed or uncompressed file created with the savemeta option and
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restores its contents on top of the specified destination device.
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\fBWARNING\fP: When you use this option, the file system and all data on the
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destination device is destroyed. Since only metadata (but no data) is
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restored, every file in the resulting file system is likely to be corrupt. The
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ONLY purpose of this option is to examine and debug file system problems by
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restoring and examining the state of the saved metadata. If the destination
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file system is the same size or larger than the source file system where the
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metadata was saved, the resulting file system will be the same size as the
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source. If the destination device is smaller than the source file system,
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gfs2_edit will restore as much as it can, then quit, leaving you with a file
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system that probably will not mount, but from which you might still be able to
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figure out what is wrong with the source file system.
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.SH INTERACTIVE MODE
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If you specify a device on the gfs2_edit command line and you specify
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no options other than -c, gfs2_edit will act as an interactive GFS2
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file system editor for the file system you specify. There
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are three display modes: hex mode, structure mode and pointers mode.
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You use the m key to switch between the modes, as described below.
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The modes are as follows:
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.TP
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Hex mode (default)
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Display or edit blocks of the file system in hexadecimal and ascii.
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Lines at the top indicate the currently displayed block in both hex and
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decimal. If the block contains a GFS2 data structure, the name of that
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structure will appear in the upper right corner of the display.
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If the block is a well-known block, such as the superblock or rindex,
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there will be a line to indicate what it is.
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In hex mode, you can edit blocks by pressing \fB<enter>\fP and entering
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hexadecimal digits to replace the highlighted hex digits. Do NOT precede
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the numbers with "0x". For example, if you want to change the value at
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offset 0x60 from a 0x12 to 0xef, position your cursor to offset 0x60,
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so that the 12 is highlighted, then press \fB<enter>\fP and type in "ef".
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Press \fB<escape>\fP or \fB<enter>\fP to exit edit mode.
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In hex mode, different colors indicate different things.
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For example, in the default color scheme, the GFS2 data structure will
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be black, data offsets will be light blue, and actual data (anything after
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the gfs2 data structure) will be red.
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.TP
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Structure mode
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Decode the file system block into its GFS2 structure and
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display the values of that structure. This mode is most useful for
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jumping around the file system. For example, you can use the arrow
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keys to position down to a pointer and press \fBJ\fP to jump to that block.
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.TP
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Pointers mode
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Display any additional information appearing on the block.
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For example, if an inode has block pointers, this will display them and
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allow you to scroll through them. You can also position to one of them
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and press \fBJ\fP to jump to that block.
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.SH Interactive mode command keys:
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.TP
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\fBq\fP or \fB<esc>\fP
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The \fBq\fP or \fB<escape>\fP keys are used to exit gfs2_edit.
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.TP
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\fB<arrow/movement keys>\fP up, down, right, left, pg-up, pg-down, home, end
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The arrow keys are used to highlight an area of the display. The \fBJ\fP
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360c39 |
key may be used to jump to the block that is highlighted.
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Packit Service |
360c39 |
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360c39 |
.TP
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360c39 |
\fBm\fP - Mode switch
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360c39 |
The \fBm\fP key is used to switch between the three display modes.
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360c39 |
The initial mode is hex mode. Pressing the \fBm\fP key once switches to
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360c39 |
structure mode. Pressing it a second time switches from structure mode
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360c39 |
to pointers mode. Pressing it a third time takes you back to hex mode again.
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360c39 |
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360c39 |
.TP
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360c39 |
\fBj\fP - Jump to block
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360c39 |
The \fBj\fP key jumps to the block number that is currently highlighted.
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Packit Service |
360c39 |
In hex mode, hitting J will work when any byte of the pointer is highlighted.
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360c39 |
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360c39 |
.TP
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360c39 |
\fBg\fP - Goto block
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360c39 |
The \fBg\fP key asks for a block number, then jumps there. Note that
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360c39 |
in many cases, you can also arrow up so that the current block number
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360c39 |
is highlighted, then press \fB<enter>\fP to enter a block number to jump to.
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360c39 |
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360c39 |
.TP
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360c39 |
\fBh\fP - Help display
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360c39 |
The \fBh\fP key causes the interactive help display to be shown.
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360c39 |
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360c39 |
.TP
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360c39 |
\fBe\fP - Extended mode
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360c39 |
The \fBe\fP key causes gfs2_edit to switch to extended ("pointers") mode.
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360c39 |
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360c39 |
.TP
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360c39 |
\fBc\fP - Color scheme
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360c39 |
The \fBc\fP key causes gfs2_edit to switch to its alternate color scheme.
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360c39 |
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360c39 |
.TP
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360c39 |
\fBf\fP - Forward block
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360c39 |
The \fBf\fP key causes you to scroll forward one block. This does
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360c39 |
not affect the "jump" status. In other words, if you use the \fBf\fP
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360c39 |
key to move forward several blocks, pressing \fB<backspace>\fP will
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360c39 |
not roll you back up.
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360c39 |
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360c39 |
.TP
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360c39 |
\fB<enter>\fP - Edit value
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360c39 |
The \fB<enter>\fP key causes you to go from display mode to edit mode.
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360c39 |
If you are in hex mode and you hit enter, you can type new hex values
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360c39 |
at the cursor's current location. Note: pressing \fB<enter>\fP
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360c39 |
in structure mode allows you to enter a new value, with the following
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360c39 |
restrictions: For gfs2 disk inodes and resource groups, it will
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360c39 |
actually change the value on disk. However, inode numbers may not be
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360c39 |
changed. For all other structures, the values entered are ignored.
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360c39 |
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360c39 |
If you use the up arrow key to highlight the block number, then press
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360c39 |
\fB<enter>\fP, you may then enter a new block number, or any of the
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360c39 |
well-known block locations listed above (e.g. sb, rindex, inum, rg 17,
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360c39 |
etc.) and gfs2_edit will jump to the block specified. If you specify
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360c39 |
a slash character followed by a metadata type, gfs2_edit will search for
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360c39 |
the next occurrence of that metadata block type, and jump there. It
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360c39 |
will take you to block 0 if it does not find any more blocks of the
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360c39 |
specified metadata type.
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360c39 |
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360c39 |
.TP
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360c39 |
\fB<home>\fP
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360c39 |
If you are in pointers mode, this takes you back to the starts of the
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360c39 |
pointers you are viewing. Otherwise it takes you back to the superblock.
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Packit Service |
360c39 |
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360c39 |
.TP
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Packit Service |
360c39 |
\fB<backspace>\fP
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360c39 |
This takes you back to the block you were displaying before a jump.
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360c39 |
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360c39 |
.TP
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360c39 |
\fB<space>\fP
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360c39 |
This takes you forward to the block you were displaying when you hit
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360c39 |
\fB<backspace>\fP.
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360c39 |
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360c39 |
.SH EXAMPLES
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360c39 |
.TP
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360c39 |
gfs2_edit /dev/roth_vg/roth_lv
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360c39 |
Display and optionally edit the file system on /dev/roth_vg/roth_lv
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360c39 |
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Packit Service |
360c39 |
.TP
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360c39 |
gfs2_edit -p sb /dev/vg0/lvol0
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Packit Service |
360c39 |
Print the superblock of the gfs2 file system located on
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360c39 |
/dev/vg0/lvol0.
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360c39 |
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Packit Service |
360c39 |
.TP
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360c39 |
gfs2_edit -p identify 2746 2748 /dev/sda2
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360c39 |
Print out what kind of blocks are at block numbers 2746 and 2748 on
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360c39 |
device /dev/sda2.
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Packit Service |
360c39 |
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Packit Service |
360c39 |
.TP
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Packit Service |
360c39 |
gfs2_edit -p rindex /dev/sda1
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360c39 |
Print the resource group index system file located on device
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360c39 |
/dev/sda1.
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360c39 |
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Packit Service |
360c39 |
.TP
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360c39 |
gfs2_edit savemeta /dev/sda1 /tmp/our_fs.gz
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Packit Service |
360c39 |
Save off all metadata (but no user data) to file /tmp/our_fs.gz
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360c39 |
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Packit Service |
360c39 |
.TP
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360c39 |
gfs2_edit -p root /dev/my_vg/my_lv
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360c39 |
Print the contents of the root directory in /dev/my_vg/my_lv.
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Packit Service |
360c39 |
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Packit Service |
360c39 |
.TP
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360c39 |
gfs2-edit -x -p 0x3f7a /dev/sda1
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360c39 |
Print the contents of block 16250 of /dev/sda1 in hex.
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Packit Service |
360c39 |
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Packit Service |
360c39 |
.TP
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360c39 |
gfs2_edit -p 12345 /dev/sdc2
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360c39 |
Print the gfs2 data structure at block 12345.
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360c39 |
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360c39 |
.TP
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Packit Service |
360c39 |
gfs2_edit rgcount /dev/sdb1
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360c39 |
Print how many Resource Groups exist for /dev/sdb1.
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360c39 |
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Packit Service |
360c39 |
.TP
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Packit Service |
360c39 |
gfs2_edit -p rg 17 /dev/sdb1
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360c39 |
Print the contents of the eighteenth Resource Group on /dev/sdb1.
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360c39 |
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Packit Service |
360c39 |
.TP
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Packit Service |
360c39 |
gfs2_edit rgflags 3 /dev/sdb1
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Packit Service |
360c39 |
Print the rg_flags value for the fourth Resource Group on /dev/sdb1.
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Packit Service |
360c39 |
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Packit Service |
360c39 |
.TP
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Packit Service |
360c39 |
gfs2_edit rgflags 3 8 /dev/sdb1
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Packit Service |
360c39 |
Set the GFS2_RGF_NOALLOC flag on for the fourth Resource Group on /dev/sdb1.
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Packit Service |
360c39 |
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Packit Service |
360c39 |
.TP
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Packit Service |
360c39 |
gfs2_edit -p 25 blockalloc /dev/roth_vg/roth_lv
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Packit Service |
360c39 |
Print the block allocation type of block 25.
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Packit Service |
360c39 |
May produce this output:
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Packit Service |
360c39 |
3 (Metadata)
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Packit Service |
360c39 |
|
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Packit Service |
360c39 |
.TP
|
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Packit Service |
360c39 |
gfs2_edit -p 25 blockalloc 1 /dev/roth_vg/roth_lv
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Packit Service |
360c39 |
Change the block allocation type of block 25 to data.
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Packit Service |
360c39 |
May produce this output:
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Packit Service |
360c39 |
1
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Packit Service |
360c39 |
|
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Packit Service |
360c39 |
.TP
|
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Packit Service |
360c39 |
gfs2_edit -p 25 blocktype /dev/roth_vg/roth_lv
|
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Packit Service |
360c39 |
Print the metadata block type of block 25.
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Packit Service |
360c39 |
May produce this output:
|
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Packit Service |
360c39 |
4 (Block 25 is type 4: Dinode)
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Packit Service |
360c39 |
|
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Packit Service |
360c39 |
.TP
|
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Packit Service |
360c39 |
gfs2_edit -p 25 field di_size /dev/roth_vg/roth_lv
|
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Packit Service |
360c39 |
Print the di_size field of block 25.
|
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Packit Service |
360c39 |
May produce this output:
|
|
Packit Service |
360c39 |
134217728
|
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Packit Service |
360c39 |
|
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Packit Service |
360c39 |
.TP
|
|
Packit Service |
360c39 |
gfs2_edit -x -p 25 field di_size /dev/roth_vg/roth_lv
|
|
Packit Service |
360c39 |
Print the di_size field of block 25, in hexadecimal.
|
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Packit Service |
360c39 |
May produce this output:
|
|
Packit Service |
360c39 |
0x8000000
|
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Packit Service |
360c39 |
|
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Packit Service |
360c39 |
.TP
|
|
Packit Service |
360c39 |
gfs2_edit -p 25 field di_size 0x4000 /dev/roth_vg/roth_lv
|
|
Packit Service |
360c39 |
Change the di_size field of block 25 to the hexadecimal value 0x4000.
|
|
Packit Service |
360c39 |
May produce this output:
|
|
Packit Service |
360c39 |
16384
|
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Packit Service |
360c39 |
.SH KNOWN BUGS
|
|
Packit Service |
360c39 |
.TP
|
|
Packit Service |
360c39 |
The directory code does not work well. It might be confused
|
|
Packit Service |
360c39 |
by directory "sentinel" entries.
|