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<html lang="en"><head>
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<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1"><title>Character entity references in HTML 4</title>
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<link rel="previous" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-html40/sgml/framesetdtd.html">
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<link rel="next" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-html40/appendix/changes.html">
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<link rel="contents" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-html40/cover.html#toc">
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<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="entities.html_files/W3C-REC.css">
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<link rel="STYLESHEET" href="entities.html_files/default.css" type="text/css"></head>
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<body>
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previous next contents
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elements attributes index
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references in HTML 4
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Contents
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Introduction to character entity
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references
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Character entity references for ISO
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8859-1 characters
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The list of characters
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Character entity references for symbols,
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mathematical symbols, and Greek letters
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The list of characters
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Character entity references for
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markup-significant and internationalization characters
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The list of characters
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24.1 Introduction to character entity references
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A character entity reference is an SGML
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construct that references a character of the document
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character set.
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This version of HTML supports several sets of character entity
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references:
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ISO 8859-1 (Latin-1) characters In accordance with
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section 14 of [RFC1866], the set of Latin-1 entities has been extended by
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this specification to cover the whole right part of ISO-8859-1 (all code
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positions with the high-order bit set), including the already commonly used
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, © and ®. The names of the entities are taken from
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the appendices of SGML (defined in [ISO8879]).
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symbols, mathematical symbols, and Greek letters. These
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characters may be represented by glyphs in the Adobe font "Symbol".
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markup-significant and internationalization characters
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(e.g., for bidirectional text).
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The following sections present the complete lists of character entity
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references. Although, by convention, [ISO10646] the comments
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following each entry are usually written with uppercase letters, we have
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converted them to lowercase in this specification for reasons of
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readability.
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for ISO 8859-1 characters
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The character entity references in this section produce characters whose
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numeric equivalents should already be supported by conforming HTML 2.0 user
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agents. Thus, the character entity reference ÷ is a more convenient
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form than ÷ for obtaining the division sign (÷).
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To support these named entities, user agents need only recognize the entity
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names and convert them to characters that lie within the repertoire of
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[ISO88591].
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Character 65533 (FFFD hexadecimal) is the last valid character in UCS-2.
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65534 (FFFE hexadecimal) is unassigned and reserved as the byte-swapped version
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of ZERO WIDTH NON-BREAKING SPACE for byte-order detection purposes. 65535 (FFFF
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hexadecimal) is unassigned.
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24.2.1 The list of characters
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<!-- Portions © International Organization for Standardization 1986
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Permission to copy in any form is granted for use with
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conforming SGML systems and applications as defined in
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ISO 8879, provided this notice is included in all copies.
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-->
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<!-- Character entity set. Typical invocation:
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<!ENTITY % HTMLlat1 PUBLIC
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"-//W3C//ENTITIES Latin 1//EN//HTML">
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%HTMLlat1;
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-->
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<!ENTITY nbsp CDATA " " -- no-break space = non-breaking space,
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U+00A0 ISOnum -->
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<!ENTITY iexcl CDATA "¡" -- inverted exclamation mark, U+00A1 ISOnum -->
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<!ENTITY cent CDATA "¢" -- cent sign, U+00A2 ISOnum -->
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<!ENTITY pound CDATA "£" -- pound sign, U+00A3 ISOnum -->
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<!ENTITY curren CDATA "¤" -- currency sign, U+00A4 ISOnum -->
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<!ENTITY yen CDATA "¥" -- yen sign = yuan sign, U+00A5 ISOnum -->
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<!ENTITY brvbar CDATA "¦" -- broken bar = broken vertical bar,
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U+00A6 ISOnum -->
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<!ENTITY sect CDATA "§" -- section sign, U+00A7 ISOnum -->
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<!ENTITY uml CDATA "¨" -- diaeresis = spacing diaeresis,
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U+00A8 ISOdia -->
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<!ENTITY copy CDATA "©" -- copyright sign, U+00A9 ISOnum -->
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<!ENTITY ordf CDATA "ª" -- feminine ordinal indicator, U+00AA ISOnum -->
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<!ENTITY laquo CDATA "«" -- left-pointing double angle quotation mark
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= left pointing guillemet, U+00AB ISOnum -->
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<!ENTITY not CDATA "¬" -- not sign, U+00AC ISOnum -->
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<!ENTITY shy CDATA "­" -- soft hyphen = discretionary hyphen,
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U+00AD ISOnum -->
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<!ENTITY reg CDATA "®" -- registered sign = registered trade mark sign,
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U+00AE ISOnum -->
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<!ENTITY macr CDATA "¯" -- macron = spacing macron = overline
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= APL overbar, U+00AF ISOdia -->
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<!ENTITY deg CDATA "°" -- degree sign, U+00B0 ISOnum -->
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<!ENTITY plusmn CDATA "±" -- plus-minus sign = plus-or-minus sign,
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U+00B1 ISOnum -->
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<!ENTITY sup2 CDATA "²" -- superscript two = superscript digit two
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= squared, U+00B2 ISOnum -->
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<!ENTITY sup3 CDATA "³" -- superscript three = superscript digit three
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= cubed, U+00B3 ISOnum -->
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<!ENTITY acute CDATA "´" -- acute accent = spacing acute,
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U+00B4 ISOdia -->
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<!ENTITY micro CDATA "µ" -- micro sign, U+00B5 ISOnum -->
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<!ENTITY para CDATA "¶" -- pilcrow sign = paragraph sign,
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U+00B6 ISOnum -->
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<!ENTITY middot CDATA "·" -- middle dot = Georgian comma
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= Greek middle dot, U+00B7 ISOnum -->
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<!ENTITY cedil CDATA "¸" -- cedilla = spacing cedilla, U+00B8 ISOdia -->
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<!ENTITY sup1 CDATA "¹" -- superscript one = superscript digit one,
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U+00B9 ISOnum -->
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<!ENTITY ordm CDATA "º" -- masculine ordinal indicator,
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U+00BA ISOnum -->
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<!ENTITY raquo CDATA "»" -- right-pointing double angle quotation mark
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= right pointing guillemet, U+00BB ISOnum -->
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<!ENTITY frac14 CDATA "¼" -- vulgar fraction one quarter
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= fraction one quarter, U+00BC ISOnum -->
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<!ENTITY frac12 CDATA "½" -- vulgar fraction one half
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= fraction one half, U+00BD ISOnum -->
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<!ENTITY frac34 CDATA "¾" -- vulgar fraction three quarters
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= fraction three quarters, U+00BE ISOnum -->
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<!ENTITY iquest CDATA "¿" -- inverted question mark
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= turned question mark, U+00BF ISOnum -->
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<!ENTITY Agrave CDATA "À" -- latin capital letter A with grave
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= latin capital letter A grave,
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U+00C0 ISOlat1 -->
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<!ENTITY Aacute CDATA "Á" -- latin capital letter A with acute,
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U+00C1 ISOlat1 -->
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<!ENTITY Acirc CDATA "Â" -- latin capital letter A with circumflex,
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U+00C2 ISOlat1 -->
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<!ENTITY Atilde CDATA "Ã" -- latin capital letter A with tilde,
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U+00C3 ISOlat1 -->
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<!ENTITY Auml CDATA "Ä" -- latin capital letter A with diaeresis,
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U+00C4 ISOlat1 -->
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<!ENTITY Aring CDATA "Å" -- latin capital letter A with ring above
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= latin capital letter A ring,
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U+00C5 ISOlat1 -->
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<!ENTITY AElig CDATA "Æ" -- latin capital letter AE
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= latin capital ligature AE,
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U+00C6 ISOlat1 -->
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<!ENTITY Ccedil CDATA "Ç" -- latin capital letter C with cedilla,
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U+00C7 ISOlat1 -->
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<!ENTITY Egrave CDATA "È" -- latin capital letter E with grave,
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U+00C8 ISOlat1 -->
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<!ENTITY Eacute CDATA "É" -- latin capital letter E with acute,
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U+00C9 ISOlat1 -->
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<!ENTITY Ecirc CDATA "Ê" -- latin capital letter E with circumflex,
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U+00CA ISOlat1 -->
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<!ENTITY Euml CDATA "Ë" -- latin capital letter E with diaeresis,
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U+00CB ISOlat1 -->
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<!ENTITY Igrave CDATA "Ì" -- latin capital letter I with grave,
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U+00CC ISOlat1 -->
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<!ENTITY Iacute CDATA "Í" -- latin capital letter I with acute,
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U+00CD ISOlat1 -->
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<!ENTITY Icirc CDATA "Î" -- latin capital letter I with circumflex,
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U+00CE ISOlat1 -->
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<!ENTITY Iuml CDATA "Ï" -- latin capital letter I with diaeresis,
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U+00CF ISOlat1 -->
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<!ENTITY ETH CDATA "Ð" -- latin capital letter ETH, U+00D0 ISOlat1 -->
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<!ENTITY Ntilde CDATA "Ñ" -- latin capital letter N with tilde,
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U+00D1 ISOlat1 -->
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<!ENTITY Ograve CDATA "Ò" -- latin capital letter O with grave,
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U+00D2 ISOlat1 -->
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<!ENTITY Oacute CDATA "Ó" -- latin capital letter O with acute,
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U+00D3 ISOlat1 -->
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<!ENTITY Ocirc CDATA "Ô" -- latin capital letter O with circumflex,
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U+00D4 ISOlat1 -->
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<!ENTITY Otilde CDATA "Õ" -- latin capital letter O with tilde,
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U+00D5 ISOlat1 -->
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<!ENTITY Ouml CDATA "Ö" -- latin capital letter O with diaeresis,
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U+00D6 ISOlat1 -->
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<!ENTITY times CDATA "×" -- multiplication sign, U+00D7 ISOnum -->
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<!ENTITY Oslash CDATA "Ø" -- latin capital letter O with stroke
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= latin capital letter O slash,
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U+00D8 ISOlat1 -->
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<!ENTITY Ugrave CDATA "Ù" -- latin capital letter U with grave,
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U+00D9 ISOlat1 -->
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<!ENTITY Uacute CDATA "Ú" -- latin capital letter U with acute,
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U+00DA ISOlat1 -->
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<!ENTITY Ucirc CDATA "Û" -- latin capital letter U with circumflex,
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U+00DB ISOlat1 -->
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<!ENTITY Uuml CDATA "Ü" -- latin capital letter U with diaeresis,
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U+00DC ISOlat1 -->
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<!ENTITY Yacute CDATA "Ý" -- latin capital letter Y with acute,
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U+00DD ISOlat1 -->
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<!ENTITY THORN CDATA "Þ" -- latin capital letter THORN,
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U+00DE ISOlat1 -->
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<!ENTITY szlig CDATA "ß" -- latin small letter sharp s = ess-zed,
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U+00DF ISOlat1 -->
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<!ENTITY agrave CDATA "à" -- latin small letter a with grave
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= latin small letter a grave,
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U+00E0 ISOlat1 -->
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<!ENTITY aacute CDATA "á" -- latin small letter a with acute,
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U+00E1 ISOlat1 -->
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<!ENTITY acirc CDATA "â" -- latin small letter a with circumflex,
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U+00E2 ISOlat1 -->
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<!ENTITY atilde CDATA "ã" -- latin small letter a with tilde,
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U+00E3 ISOlat1 -->
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<!ENTITY auml CDATA "ä" -- latin small letter a with diaeresis,
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U+00E4 ISOlat1 -->
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<!ENTITY aring CDATA "å" -- latin small letter a with ring above
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= latin small letter a ring,
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U+00E5 ISOlat1 -->
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<!ENTITY aelig CDATA "æ" -- latin small letter ae
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= latin small ligature ae, U+00E6 ISOlat1 -->
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<!ENTITY ccedil CDATA "ç" -- latin small letter c with cedilla,
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U+00E7 ISOlat1 -->
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<!ENTITY egrave CDATA "è" -- latin small letter e with grave,
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U+00E8 ISOlat1 -->
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<!ENTITY eacute CDATA "é" -- latin small letter e with acute,
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U+00E9 ISOlat1 -->
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<!ENTITY ecirc CDATA "ê" -- latin small letter e with circumflex,
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U+00EA ISOlat1 -->
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<!ENTITY euml CDATA "ë" -- latin small letter e with diaeresis,
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U+00EB ISOlat1 -->
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<!ENTITY igrave CDATA "ì" -- latin small letter i with grave,
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U+00EC ISOlat1 -->
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<!ENTITY iacute CDATA "í" -- latin small letter i with acute,
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U+00ED ISOlat1 -->
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<!ENTITY icirc CDATA "î" -- latin small letter i with circumflex,
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U+00EE ISOlat1 -->
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<!ENTITY iuml CDATA "ï" -- latin small letter i with diaeresis,
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ed3af9 |
U+00EF ISOlat1 -->
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ed3af9 |
<!ENTITY eth CDATA "ð" -- latin small letter eth, U+00F0 ISOlat1 -->
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ed3af9 |
<!ENTITY ntilde CDATA "ñ" -- latin small letter n with tilde,
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ed3af9 |
U+00F1 ISOlat1 -->
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ed3af9 |
<!ENTITY ograve CDATA "ò" -- latin small letter o with grave,
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ed3af9 |
U+00F2 ISOlat1 -->
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ed3af9 |
<!ENTITY oacute CDATA "ó" -- latin small letter o with acute,
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ed3af9 |
U+00F3 ISOlat1 -->
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ed3af9 |
<!ENTITY ocirc CDATA "ô" -- latin small letter o with circumflex,
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ed3af9 |
U+00F4 ISOlat1 -->
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ed3af9 |
<!ENTITY otilde CDATA "õ" -- latin small letter o with tilde,
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ed3af9 |
U+00F5 ISOlat1 -->
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ed3af9 |
<!ENTITY ouml CDATA "ö" -- latin small letter o with diaeresis,
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ed3af9 |
U+00F6 ISOlat1 -->
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ed3af9 |
<!ENTITY divide CDATA "÷" -- division sign, U+00F7 ISOnum -->
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<!ENTITY oslash CDATA "ø" -- latin small letter o with stroke,
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= latin small letter o slash,
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ed3af9 |
U+00F8 ISOlat1 -->
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ed3af9 |
<!ENTITY ugrave CDATA "ù" -- latin small letter u with grave,
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ed3af9 |
U+00F9 ISOlat1 -->
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ed3af9 |
<!ENTITY uacute CDATA "ú" -- latin small letter u with acute,
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ed3af9 |
U+00FA ISOlat1 -->
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ed3af9 |
<!ENTITY ucirc CDATA "û" -- latin small letter u with circumflex,
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ed3af9 |
U+00FB ISOlat1 -->
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ed3af9 |
<!ENTITY uuml CDATA "ü" -- latin small letter u with diaeresis,
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ed3af9 |
U+00FC ISOlat1 -->
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ed3af9 |
<!ENTITY yacute CDATA "ý" -- latin small letter y with acute,
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ed3af9 |
U+00FD ISOlat1 -->
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ed3af9 |
<!ENTITY thorn CDATA "þ" -- latin small letter thorn,
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ed3af9 |
U+00FE ISOlat1 -->
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ed3af9 |
<!ENTITY yuml CDATA "ÿ" -- latin small letter y with diaeresis,
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ed3af9 |
U+00FF ISOlat1 -->
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ed3af9 |
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ed3af9 |
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ed3af9 |
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symbols, mathematical symbols, and Greek letters
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The character entity references in this section produce characters that may
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be represented by glyphs in the widely available Adobe Symbol font, including
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Greek characters, various bracketing symbols, and a selection of mathematical
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operators such as gradient, product, and summation symbols.
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ed3af9 |
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To support these entities, user agents may support full [ISO10646] or use
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other means. Display of glyphs for these characters may be obtained by being
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able to display the relevant [ISO10646] characters or
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by other means, such as internally mapping the listed entities, numeric
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character references, and characters to the appropriate position in some font
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that contains the requisite glyphs.
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ed3af9 |
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When to use Greek entities. This entity set contains
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all the letters used in modern Greek. However, it does not include Greek
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punctuation, precomposed accented characters nor the non-spacing accents
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(tonos, dialytika) required to compose them. There are no archaic letters,
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ed3af9 |
Coptic-unique letters, or precomposed letters for Polytonic Greek. The entities
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defined here are not intended for the representation of modern Greek text and
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would not be an efficient representation; rather, they are intended for
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occasional Greek letters used in technical and mathematical works.
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24.3.1 The list of characters
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<!-- Mathematical, Greek and Symbolic characters for HTML -->
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ed3af9 |
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ed3af9 |
<!-- Character entity set. Typical invocation:
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<!ENTITY % HTMLsymbol PUBLIC
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"-//W3C//ENTITIES Symbols//EN//HTML">
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%HTMLsymbol; -->
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<!-- Portions © International Organization for Standardization 1986:
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Permission to copy in any form is granted for use with
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conforming SGML systems and applications as defined in
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ISO 8879, provided this notice is included in all copies.
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-->
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ed3af9 |
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<!-- Relevant ISO entity set is given unless names are newly introduced.
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New names (i.e., not in ISO 8879 list) do not clash with any
|
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existing ISO 8879 entity names. ISO 10646 character numbers
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are given for each character, in hex. CDATA values are decimal
|
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conversions of the ISO 10646 values and refer to the document
|
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character set. Names are ISO 10646 names.
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-->
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<!-- Latin Extended-B -->
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<!ENTITY fnof CDATA "ƒ" -- latin small f with hook = function
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ed3af9 |
= florin, U+0192 ISOtech -->
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ed3af9 |
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<!-- Greek -->
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<!ENTITY Alpha CDATA "Α" -- greek capital letter alpha, U+0391 -->
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<!ENTITY Beta CDATA "Β" -- greek capital letter beta, U+0392 -->
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ed3af9 |
<!ENTITY Gamma CDATA "Γ" -- greek capital letter gamma,
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ed3af9 |
U+0393 ISOgrk3 -->
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ed3af9 |
<!ENTITY Delta CDATA "Δ" -- greek capital letter delta,
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ed3af9 |
U+0394 ISOgrk3 -->
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ed3af9 |
<!ENTITY Epsilon CDATA "Ε" -- greek capital letter epsilon, U+0395 -->
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ed3af9 |
<!ENTITY Zeta CDATA "Ζ" -- greek capital letter zeta, U+0396 -->
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ed3af9 |
<!ENTITY Eta CDATA "Η" -- greek capital letter eta, U+0397 -->
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ed3af9 |
<!ENTITY Theta CDATA "Θ" -- greek capital letter theta,
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|
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ed3af9 |
U+0398 ISOgrk3 -->
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ed3af9 |
<!ENTITY Iota CDATA "Ι" -- greek capital letter iota, U+0399 -->
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ed3af9 |
<!ENTITY Kappa CDATA "Κ" -- greek capital letter kappa, U+039A -->
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ed3af9 |
<!ENTITY Lambda CDATA "Λ" -- greek capital letter lambda,
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ed3af9 |
U+039B ISOgrk3 -->
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ed3af9 |
<!ENTITY Mu CDATA "Μ" -- greek capital letter mu, U+039C -->
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ed3af9 |
<!ENTITY Nu CDATA "Ν" -- greek capital letter nu, U+039D -->
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ed3af9 |
<!ENTITY Xi CDATA "Ξ" -- greek capital letter xi, U+039E ISOgrk3 -->
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ed3af9 |
<!ENTITY Omicron CDATA "Ο" -- greek capital letter omicron, U+039F -->
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ed3af9 |
<!ENTITY Pi CDATA "Π" -- greek capital letter pi, U+03A0 ISOgrk3 -->
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ed3af9 |
<!ENTITY Rho CDATA "Ρ" -- greek capital letter rho, U+03A1 -->
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ed3af9 |
<!-- there is no Sigmaf, and no U+03A2 character either -->
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ed3af9 |
<!ENTITY Sigma CDATA "Σ" -- greek capital letter sigma,
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|
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ed3af9 |
U+03A3 ISOgrk3 -->
|
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ed3af9 |
<!ENTITY Tau CDATA "Τ" -- greek capital letter tau, U+03A4 -->
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ed3af9 |
<!ENTITY Upsilon CDATA "Υ" -- greek capital letter upsilon,
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|
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ed3af9 |
U+03A5 ISOgrk3 -->
|
|
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ed3af9 |
<!ENTITY Phi CDATA "Φ" -- greek capital letter phi,
|
|
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ed3af9 |
U+03A6 ISOgrk3 -->
|
|
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ed3af9 |
<!ENTITY Chi CDATA "Χ" -- greek capital letter chi, U+03A7 -->
|
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ed3af9 |
<!ENTITY Psi CDATA "Ψ" -- greek capital letter psi,
|
|
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ed3af9 |
U+03A8 ISOgrk3 -->
|
|
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ed3af9 |
<!ENTITY Omega CDATA "Ω" -- greek capital letter omega,
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ed3af9 |
U+03A9 ISOgrk3 -->
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ed3af9 |
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ed3af9 |
<!ENTITY alpha CDATA "α" -- greek small letter alpha,
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ed3af9 |
U+03B1 ISOgrk3 -->
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ed3af9 |
<!ENTITY beta CDATA "β" -- greek small letter beta, U+03B2 ISOgrk3 -->
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ed3af9 |
<!ENTITY gamma CDATA "γ" -- greek small letter gamma,
|
|
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ed3af9 |
U+03B3 ISOgrk3 -->
|
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ed3af9 |
<!ENTITY delta CDATA "δ" -- greek small letter delta,
|
|
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ed3af9 |
U+03B4 ISOgrk3 -->
|
|
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ed3af9 |
<!ENTITY epsilon CDATA "ε" -- greek small letter epsilon,
|
|
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ed3af9 |
U+03B5 ISOgrk3 -->
|
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ed3af9 |
<!ENTITY zeta CDATA "ζ" -- greek small letter zeta, U+03B6 ISOgrk3 -->
|
|
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ed3af9 |
<!ENTITY eta CDATA "η" -- greek small letter eta, U+03B7 ISOgrk3 -->
|
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ed3af9 |
<!ENTITY theta CDATA "θ" -- greek small letter theta,
|
|
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ed3af9 |
U+03B8 ISOgrk3 -->
|
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ed3af9 |
<!ENTITY iota CDATA "ι" -- greek small letter iota, U+03B9 ISOgrk3 -->
|
|
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ed3af9 |
<!ENTITY kappa CDATA "κ" -- greek small letter kappa,
|
|
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ed3af9 |
U+03BA ISOgrk3 -->
|
|
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ed3af9 |
<!ENTITY lambda CDATA "λ" -- greek small letter lambda,
|
|
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ed3af9 |
U+03BB ISOgrk3 -->
|
|
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ed3af9 |
<!ENTITY mu CDATA "μ" -- greek small letter mu, U+03BC ISOgrk3 -->
|
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ed3af9 |
<!ENTITY nu CDATA "ν" -- greek small letter nu, U+03BD ISOgrk3 -->
|
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ed3af9 |
<!ENTITY xi CDATA "ξ" -- greek small letter xi, U+03BE ISOgrk3 -->
|
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ed3af9 |
<!ENTITY omicron CDATA "ο" -- greek small letter omicron, U+03BF NEW -->
|
|
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ed3af9 |
<!ENTITY pi CDATA "π" -- greek small letter pi, U+03C0 ISOgrk3 -->
|
|
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ed3af9 |
<!ENTITY rho CDATA "ρ" -- greek small letter rho, U+03C1 ISOgrk3 -->
|
|
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ed3af9 |
<!ENTITY sigmaf CDATA "ς" -- greek small letter final sigma,
|
|
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ed3af9 |
U+03C2 ISOgrk3 -->
|
|
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ed3af9 |
<!ENTITY sigma CDATA "σ" -- greek small letter sigma,
|
|
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ed3af9 |
U+03C3 ISOgrk3 -->
|
|
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ed3af9 |
<!ENTITY tau CDATA "τ" -- greek small letter tau, U+03C4 ISOgrk3 -->
|
|
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ed3af9 |
<!ENTITY upsilon CDATA "υ" -- greek small letter upsilon,
|
|
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ed3af9 |
U+03C5 ISOgrk3 -->
|
|
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ed3af9 |
<!ENTITY phi CDATA "φ" -- greek small letter phi, U+03C6 ISOgrk3 -->
|
|
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ed3af9 |
<!ENTITY chi CDATA "χ" -- greek small letter chi, U+03C7 ISOgrk3 -->
|
|
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ed3af9 |
<!ENTITY psi CDATA "ψ" -- greek small letter psi, U+03C8 ISOgrk3 -->
|
|
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ed3af9 |
<!ENTITY omega CDATA "ω" -- greek small letter omega,
|
|
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ed3af9 |
U+03C9 ISOgrk3 -->
|
|
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ed3af9 |
<!ENTITY thetasym CDATA "ϑ" -- greek small letter theta symbol,
|
|
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ed3af9 |
U+03D1 NEW -->
|
|
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ed3af9 |
<!ENTITY upsih CDATA "ϒ" -- greek upsilon with hook symbol,
|
|
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ed3af9 |
U+03D2 NEW -->
|
|
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ed3af9 |
<!ENTITY piv CDATA "ϖ" -- greek pi symbol, U+03D6 ISOgrk3 -->
|
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ed3af9 |
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ed3af9 |
<!-- General Punctuation -->
|
|
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ed3af9 |
<!ENTITY bull CDATA "•" -- bullet = black small circle,
|
|
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ed3af9 |
U+2022 ISOpub -->
|
|
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ed3af9 |
<!-- bullet is NOT the same as bullet operator, U+2219 -->
|
|
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ed3af9 |
<!ENTITY hellip CDATA "…" -- horizontal ellipsis = three dot leader,
|
|
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ed3af9 |
U+2026 ISOpub -->
|
|
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ed3af9 |
<!ENTITY prime CDATA "′" -- prime = minutes = feet, U+2032 ISOtech -->
|
|
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ed3af9 |
<!ENTITY Prime CDATA "″" -- double prime = seconds = inches,
|
|
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ed3af9 |
U+2033 ISOtech -->
|
|
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ed3af9 |
<!ENTITY oline CDATA "‾" -- overline = spacing overscore,
|
|
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ed3af9 |
U+203E NEW -->
|
|
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ed3af9 |
<!ENTITY frasl CDATA "⁄" -- fraction slash, U+2044 NEW -->
|
|
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ed3af9 |
|
|
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ed3af9 |
<!-- Letterlike Symbols -->
|
|
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ed3af9 |
<!ENTITY weierp CDATA "℘" -- script capital P = power set
|
|
Packit |
ed3af9 |
= Weierstrass p, U+2118 ISOamso -->
|
|
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ed3af9 |
<!ENTITY image CDATA "ℑ" -- blackletter capital I = imaginary part,
|
|
Packit |
ed3af9 |
U+2111 ISOamso -->
|
|
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ed3af9 |
<!ENTITY real CDATA "ℜ" -- blackletter capital R = real part symbol,
|
|
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ed3af9 |
U+211C ISOamso -->
|
|
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ed3af9 |
<!ENTITY trade CDATA "™" -- trade mark sign, U+2122 ISOnum -->
|
|
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ed3af9 |
<!ENTITY alefsym CDATA "ℵ" -- alef symbol = first transfinite cardinal,
|
|
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ed3af9 |
U+2135 NEW -->
|
|
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ed3af9 |
<!-- alef symbol is NOT the same as hebrew letter alef,
|
|
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ed3af9 |
U+05D0 although the same glyph could be used to depict both characters -->
|
|
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ed3af9 |
|
|
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<!-- Arrows -->
|
|
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ed3af9 |
<!ENTITY larr CDATA "←" -- leftwards arrow, U+2190 ISOnum -->
|
|
Packit |
ed3af9 |
<!ENTITY uarr CDATA "↑" -- upwards arrow, U+2191 ISOnum-->
|
|
Packit |
ed3af9 |
<!ENTITY rarr CDATA "→" -- rightwards arrow, U+2192 ISOnum -->
|
|
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ed3af9 |
<!ENTITY darr CDATA "↓" -- downwards arrow, U+2193 ISOnum -->
|
|
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ed3af9 |
<!ENTITY harr CDATA "↔" -- left right arrow, U+2194 ISOamsa -->
|
|
Packit |
ed3af9 |
<!ENTITY crarr CDATA "↵" -- downwards arrow with corner leftwards
|
|
Packit |
ed3af9 |
= carriage return, U+21B5 NEW -->
|
|
Packit |
ed3af9 |
<!ENTITY lArr CDATA "⇐" -- leftwards double arrow, U+21D0 ISOtech -->
|
|
Packit |
ed3af9 |
<!-- ISO 10646 does not say that lArr is the same as the 'is implied by' arrow
|
|
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ed3af9 |
but also does not have any other character for that function. So ? lArr can
|
|
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ed3af9 |
be used for 'is implied by' as ISOtech suggests -->
|
|
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ed3af9 |
<!ENTITY uArr CDATA "⇑" -- upwards double arrow, U+21D1 ISOamsa -->
|
|
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ed3af9 |
<!ENTITY rArr CDATA "⇒" -- rightwards double arrow,
|
|
Packit |
ed3af9 |
U+21D2 ISOtech -->
|
|
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ed3af9 |
<!-- ISO 10646 does not say this is the 'implies' character but does not have
|
|
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ed3af9 |
another character with this function so ?
|
|
Packit |
ed3af9 |
rArr can be used for 'implies' as ISOtech suggests -->
|
|
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ed3af9 |
<!ENTITY dArr CDATA "⇓" -- downwards double arrow, U+21D3 ISOamsa -->
|
|
Packit |
ed3af9 |
<!ENTITY hArr CDATA "⇔" -- left right double arrow,
|
|
Packit |
ed3af9 |
U+21D4 ISOamsa -->
|
|
Packit |
ed3af9 |
|
|
Packit |
ed3af9 |
<!-- Mathematical Operators -->
|
|
Packit |
ed3af9 |
<!ENTITY forall CDATA "∀" -- for all, U+2200 ISOtech -->
|
|
Packit |
ed3af9 |
<!ENTITY part CDATA "∂" -- partial differential, U+2202 ISOtech -->
|
|
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ed3af9 |
<!ENTITY exist CDATA "∃" -- there exists, U+2203 ISOtech -->
|
|
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ed3af9 |
<!ENTITY empty CDATA "∅" -- empty set = null set = diameter,
|
|
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ed3af9 |
U+2205 ISOamso -->
|
|
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ed3af9 |
<!ENTITY nabla CDATA "∇" -- nabla = backward difference,
|
|
Packit |
ed3af9 |
U+2207 ISOtech -->
|
|
Packit |
ed3af9 |
<!ENTITY isin CDATA "∈" -- element of, U+2208 ISOtech -->
|
|
Packit |
ed3af9 |
<!ENTITY notin CDATA "∉" -- not an element of, U+2209 ISOtech -->
|
|
Packit |
ed3af9 |
<!ENTITY ni CDATA "∋" -- contains as member, U+220B ISOtech -->
|
|
Packit |
ed3af9 |
<!-- should there be a more memorable name than 'ni'? -->
|
|
Packit |
ed3af9 |
<!ENTITY prod CDATA "∏" -- n-ary product = product sign,
|
|
Packit |
ed3af9 |
U+220F ISOamsb -->
|
|
Packit |
ed3af9 |
<!-- prod is NOT the same character as U+03A0 'greek capital letter pi' though
|
|
Packit |
ed3af9 |
the same glyph might be used for both -->
|
|
Packit |
ed3af9 |
<!ENTITY sum CDATA "∑" -- n-ary sumation, U+2211 ISOamsb -->
|
|
Packit |
ed3af9 |
<!-- sum is NOT the same character as U+03A3 'greek capital letter sigma'
|
|
Packit |
ed3af9 |
though the same glyph might be used for both -->
|
|
Packit |
ed3af9 |
<!ENTITY minus CDATA "−" -- minus sign, U+2212 ISOtech -->
|
|
Packit |
ed3af9 |
<!ENTITY lowast CDATA "∗" -- asterisk operator, U+2217 ISOtech -->
|
|
Packit |
ed3af9 |
<!ENTITY radic CDATA "√" -- square root = radical sign,
|
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U+221A ISOtech -->
|
|
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ed3af9 |
<!ENTITY prop CDATA "∝" -- proportional to, U+221D ISOtech -->
|
|
Packit |
ed3af9 |
<!ENTITY infin CDATA "∞" -- infinity, U+221E ISOtech -->
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ed3af9 |
<!ENTITY ang CDATA "∠" -- angle, U+2220 ISOamso -->
|
|
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ed3af9 |
<!ENTITY and CDATA "∧" -- logical and = wedge, U+2227 ISOtech -->
|
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Packit |
ed3af9 |
<!ENTITY or CDATA "∨" -- logical or = vee, U+2228 ISOtech -->
|
|
Packit |
ed3af9 |
<!ENTITY cap CDATA "∩" -- intersection = cap, U+2229 ISOtech -->
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|
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ed3af9 |
<!ENTITY cup CDATA "∪" -- union = cup, U+222A ISOtech -->
|
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ed3af9 |
<!ENTITY int CDATA "∫" -- integral, U+222B ISOtech -->
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ed3af9 |
<!ENTITY there4 CDATA "∴" -- therefore, U+2234 ISOtech -->
|
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ed3af9 |
<!ENTITY sim CDATA "∼" -- tilde operator = varies with = similar to,
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|
Packit |
ed3af9 |
U+223C ISOtech -->
|
|
Packit |
ed3af9 |
<!-- tilde operator is NOT the same character as the tilde, U+007E,
|
|
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ed3af9 |
although the same glyph might be used to represent both -->
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ed3af9 |
<!ENTITY cong CDATA "≅" -- approximately equal to, U+2245 ISOtech -->
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ed3af9 |
<!ENTITY asymp CDATA "≈" -- almost equal to = asymptotic to,
|
|
Packit |
ed3af9 |
U+2248 ISOamsr -->
|
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ed3af9 |
<!ENTITY ne CDATA "≠" -- not equal to, U+2260 ISOtech -->
|
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ed3af9 |
<!ENTITY equiv CDATA "≡" -- identical to, U+2261 ISOtech -->
|
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ed3af9 |
<!ENTITY le CDATA "≤" -- less-than or equal to, U+2264 ISOtech -->
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ed3af9 |
<!ENTITY ge CDATA "≥" -- greater-than or equal to,
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ed3af9 |
U+2265 ISOtech -->
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Packit |
ed3af9 |
<!ENTITY sub CDATA "⊂" -- subset of, U+2282 ISOtech -->
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ed3af9 |
<!ENTITY sup CDATA "⊃" -- superset of, U+2283 ISOtech -->
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ed3af9 |
<!-- note that nsup, 'not a superset of, U+2283' is not covered by the Symbol
|
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ed3af9 |
font encoding and is not included. Should it be, for symmetry?
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ed3af9 |
It is in ISOamsn -->
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ed3af9 |
<!ENTITY nsub CDATA "⊄" -- not a subset of, U+2284 ISOamsn -->
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ed3af9 |
<!ENTITY sube CDATA "⊆" -- subset of or equal to, U+2286 ISOtech -->
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ed3af9 |
<!ENTITY supe CDATA "⊇" -- superset of or equal to,
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Packit |
ed3af9 |
U+2287 ISOtech -->
|
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ed3af9 |
<!ENTITY oplus CDATA "⊕" -- circled plus = direct sum,
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ed3af9 |
U+2295 ISOamsb -->
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ed3af9 |
<!ENTITY otimes CDATA "⊗" -- circled times = vector product,
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ed3af9 |
U+2297 ISOamsb -->
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ed3af9 |
<!ENTITY perp CDATA "⊥" -- up tack = orthogonal to = perpendicular,
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ed3af9 |
U+22A5 ISOtech -->
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Packit |
ed3af9 |
<!ENTITY sdot CDATA "⋅" -- dot operator, U+22C5 ISOamsb -->
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Packit |
ed3af9 |
<!-- dot operator is NOT the same character as U+00B7 middle dot -->
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ed3af9 |
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ed3af9 |
<!-- Miscellaneous Technical -->
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ed3af9 |
<!ENTITY lceil CDATA "⌈" -- left ceiling = apl upstile,
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ed3af9 |
U+2308 ISOamsc -->
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ed3af9 |
<!ENTITY rceil CDATA "⌉" -- right ceiling, U+2309 ISOamsc -->
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ed3af9 |
<!ENTITY lfloor CDATA "⌊" -- left floor = apl downstile,
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ed3af9 |
U+230A ISOamsc -->
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ed3af9 |
<!ENTITY rfloor CDATA "⌋" -- right floor, U+230B ISOamsc -->
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ed3af9 |
<!ENTITY lang CDATA "〈" -- left-pointing angle bracket = bra,
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ed3af9 |
U+2329 ISOtech -->
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ed3af9 |
<!-- lang is NOT the same character as U+003C 'less than'
|
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ed3af9 |
or U+2039 'single left-pointing angle quotation mark' -->
|
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ed3af9 |
<!ENTITY rang CDATA "〉" -- right-pointing angle bracket = ket,
|
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ed3af9 |
U+232A ISOtech -->
|
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ed3af9 |
<!-- rang is NOT the same character as U+003E 'greater than'
|
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ed3af9 |
or U+203A 'single right-pointing angle quotation mark' -->
|
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ed3af9 |
|
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ed3af9 |
<!-- Geometric Shapes -->
|
|
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ed3af9 |
<!ENTITY loz CDATA "◊" -- lozenge, U+25CA ISOpub -->
|
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Packit |
ed3af9 |
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Packit |
ed3af9 |
<!-- Miscellaneous Symbols -->
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ed3af9 |
<!ENTITY spades CDATA "♠" -- black spade suit, U+2660 ISOpub -->
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ed3af9 |
<!-- black here seems to mean filled as opposed to hollow -->
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Packit |
ed3af9 |
<!ENTITY clubs CDATA "♣" -- black club suit = shamrock,
|
|
Packit |
ed3af9 |
U+2663 ISOpub -->
|
|
Packit |
ed3af9 |
<!ENTITY hearts CDATA "♥" -- black heart suit = valentine,
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|
Packit |
ed3af9 |
U+2665 ISOpub -->
|
|
Packit |
ed3af9 |
<!ENTITY diams CDATA "♦" -- black diamond suit, U+2666 ISOpub -->
|
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Packit |
ed3af9 |
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Packit |
ed3af9 |
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Packit |
ed3af9 |
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ed3af9 |
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markup-significant and internationalization characters
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ed3af9 |
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The character entity references in this section are for escaping
|
|
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ed3af9 |
markup-significant characters (these are the same as those in HTML 2.0 and
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|
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ed3af9 |
3.2), for denoting spaces and dashes. Other characters in this section apply to
|
|
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ed3af9 |
internationalization issues such as the disambiguation of bidirectional text
|
|
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ed3af9 |
(see the section on bidirectional
|
|
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ed3af9 |
text for details).
|
|
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ed3af9 |
|
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ed3af9 |
Entities have also been added for the remaining characters occurring in
|
|
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ed3af9 |
CP-1252 which do not occur in the HTMLlat1 or HTMLsymbol entity sets. These all
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|
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occur in the 128 to 159 range within the CP-1252 charset. These entities permit
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|
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ed3af9 |
the characters to be denoted in a platform-independent manner.
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ed3af9 |
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To support these entities, user agents may support full [ISO10646] or use
|
|
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other means. Display of glyphs for these characters may be obtained by being
|
|
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ed3af9 |
able to display the relevant [ISO10646] characters or
|
|
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ed3af9 |
by other means, such as internally mapping the listed entities, numeric
|
|
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ed3af9 |
character references, and characters to the appropriate position in some font
|
|
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ed3af9 |
that contains the requisite glyphs.
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ed3af9 |
|
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24.4.1 The list of characters
|
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ed3af9 |
<!-- Special characters for HTML -->
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|
Packit |
ed3af9 |
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|
Packit |
ed3af9 |
<!-- Character entity set. Typical invocation:
|
|
Packit |
ed3af9 |
<!ENTITY % HTMLspecial PUBLIC
|
|
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ed3af9 |
"-//W3C//ENTITIES Special//EN//HTML">
|
|
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ed3af9 |
%HTMLspecial; -->
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ed3af9 |
|
|
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ed3af9 |
<!-- Portions © International Organization for Standardization 1986:
|
|
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ed3af9 |
Permission to copy in any form is granted for use with
|
|
Packit |
ed3af9 |
conforming SGML systems and applications as defined in
|
|
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ed3af9 |
ISO 8879, provided this notice is included in all copies.
|
|
Packit |
ed3af9 |
-->
|
|
Packit |
ed3af9 |
|
|
Packit |
ed3af9 |
<!-- Relevant ISO entity set is given unless names are newly introduced.
|
|
Packit |
ed3af9 |
New names (i.e., not in ISO 8879 list) do not clash with any
|
|
Packit |
ed3af9 |
existing ISO 8879 entity names. ISO 10646 character numbers
|
|
Packit |
ed3af9 |
are given for each character, in hex. CDATA values are decimal
|
|
Packit |
ed3af9 |
conversions of the ISO 10646 values and refer to the document
|
|
Packit |
ed3af9 |
character set. Names are ISO 10646 names.
|
|
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ed3af9 |
|
|
Packit |
ed3af9 |
-->
|
|
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ed3af9 |
|
|
Packit |
ed3af9 |
<!-- C0 Controls and Basic Latin -->
|
|
Packit |
ed3af9 |
<!ENTITY quot CDATA """ -- quotation mark = APL quote,
|
|
Packit |
ed3af9 |
U+0022 ISOnum -->
|
|
Packit |
ed3af9 |
<!ENTITY amp CDATA "&" -- ampersand, U+0026 ISOnum -->
|
|
Packit |
ed3af9 |
<!ENTITY lt CDATA "<" -- less-than sign, U+003C ISOnum -->
|
|
Packit |
ed3af9 |
<!ENTITY gt CDATA ">" -- greater-than sign, U+003E ISOnum -->
|
|
Packit |
ed3af9 |
|
|
Packit |
ed3af9 |
<!-- Latin Extended-A -->
|
|
Packit |
ed3af9 |
<!ENTITY OElig CDATA "Œ" -- latin capital ligature OE,
|
|
Packit |
ed3af9 |
U+0152 ISOlat2 -->
|
|
Packit |
ed3af9 |
<!ENTITY oelig CDATA "œ" -- latin small ligature oe, U+0153 ISOlat2 -->
|
|
Packit |
ed3af9 |
<!-- ligature is a misnomer, this is a separate character in some languages -->
|
|
Packit |
ed3af9 |
<!ENTITY Scaron CDATA "Š" -- latin capital letter S with caron,
|
|
Packit |
ed3af9 |
U+0160 ISOlat2 -->
|
|
Packit |
ed3af9 |
<!ENTITY scaron CDATA "š" -- latin small letter s with caron,
|
|
Packit |
ed3af9 |
U+0161 ISOlat2 -->
|
|
Packit |
ed3af9 |
<!ENTITY Yuml CDATA "Ÿ" -- latin capital letter Y with diaeresis,
|
|
Packit |
ed3af9 |
U+0178 ISOlat2 -->
|
|
Packit |
ed3af9 |
|
|
Packit |
ed3af9 |
<!-- Spacing Modifier Letters -->
|
|
Packit |
ed3af9 |
<!ENTITY circ CDATA "ˆ" -- modifier letter circumflex accent,
|
|
Packit |
ed3af9 |
U+02C6 ISOpub -->
|
|
Packit |
ed3af9 |
<!ENTITY tilde CDATA "˜" -- small tilde, U+02DC ISOdia -->
|
|
Packit |
ed3af9 |
|
|
Packit |
ed3af9 |
<!-- General Punctuation -->
|
|
Packit |
ed3af9 |
<!ENTITY ensp CDATA " " -- en space, U+2002 ISOpub -->
|
|
Packit |
ed3af9 |
<!ENTITY emsp CDATA " " -- em space, U+2003 ISOpub -->
|
|
Packit |
ed3af9 |
<!ENTITY thinsp CDATA " " -- thin space, U+2009 ISOpub -->
|
|
Packit |
ed3af9 |
<!ENTITY zwnj CDATA "‌" -- zero width non-joiner,
|
|
Packit |
ed3af9 |
U+200C NEW RFC 2070 -->
|
|
Packit |
ed3af9 |
<!ENTITY zwj CDATA "‍" -- zero width joiner, U+200D NEW RFC 2070 -->
|
|
Packit |
ed3af9 |
<!ENTITY lrm CDATA "‎" -- left-to-right mark, U+200E NEW RFC 2070 -->
|
|
Packit |
ed3af9 |
<!ENTITY rlm CDATA "‏" -- right-to-left mark, U+200F NEW RFC 2070 -->
|
|
Packit |
ed3af9 |
<!ENTITY ndash CDATA "–" -- en dash, U+2013 ISOpub -->
|
|
Packit |
ed3af9 |
<!ENTITY mdash CDATA "—" -- em dash, U+2014 ISOpub -->
|
|
Packit |
ed3af9 |
<!ENTITY lsquo CDATA "‘" -- left single quotation mark,
|
|
Packit |
ed3af9 |
U+2018 ISOnum -->
|
|
Packit |
ed3af9 |
<!ENTITY rsquo CDATA "’" -- right single quotation mark,
|
|
Packit |
ed3af9 |
U+2019 ISOnum -->
|
|
Packit |
ed3af9 |
<!ENTITY sbquo CDATA "‚" -- single low-9 quotation mark, U+201A NEW -->
|
|
Packit |
ed3af9 |
<!ENTITY ldquo CDATA "“" -- left double quotation mark,
|
|
Packit |
ed3af9 |
U+201C ISOnum -->
|
|
Packit |
ed3af9 |
<!ENTITY rdquo CDATA "”" -- right double quotation mark,
|
|
Packit |
ed3af9 |
U+201D ISOnum -->
|
|
Packit |
ed3af9 |
<!ENTITY bdquo CDATA "„" -- double low-9 quotation mark, U+201E NEW -->
|
|
Packit |
ed3af9 |
<!ENTITY dagger CDATA "†" -- dagger, U+2020 ISOpub -->
|
|
Packit |
ed3af9 |
<!ENTITY Dagger CDATA "‡" -- double dagger, U+2021 ISOpub -->
|
|
Packit |
ed3af9 |
<!ENTITY permil CDATA "‰" -- per mille sign, U+2030 ISOtech -->
|
|
Packit |
ed3af9 |
<!ENTITY lsaquo CDATA "‹" -- single left-pointing angle quotation mark,
|
|
Packit |
ed3af9 |
U+2039 ISO proposed -->
|
|
Packit |
ed3af9 |
<!-- lsaquo is proposed but not yet ISO standardized -->
|
|
Packit |
ed3af9 |
<!ENTITY rsaquo CDATA "›" -- single right-pointing angle quotation mark,
|
|
Packit |
ed3af9 |
U+203A ISO proposed -->
|
|
Packit |
ed3af9 |
<!-- rsaquo is proposed but not yet ISO standardized -->
|
|
Packit |
ed3af9 |
<!ENTITY euro CDATA "€" -- euro sign, U+20AC NEW -->
|
|
Packit |
ed3af9 |
|
|
Packit |
ed3af9 |
|
|
Packit |
ed3af9 |
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Packit |
ed3af9 |
|
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previous next
|
|
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contents elements attributes index
|
|
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</body></html>
|