### ====================================================================

###  @Awk-file{

###     author          = "Nelson H. F. Beebe",

###     version         = "1.00",

###     date            = "09 October 1996",

###     time            = "15:57:06 MDT",

###     filename        = "journal-toc.awk",

###     address         = "Center for Scientific Computing

###                        Department of Mathematics

###                        University of Utah

###                        Salt Lake City, UT 84112

###                        USA",

###     telephone       = "+1 801 581 5254",

###     FAX             = "+1 801 581 4148",

###     URL             = "http://www.math.utah.edu/~beebe",

###     checksum        = "25092 977 3357 26493",

###     email           = "beebe@math.utah.edu (Internet)",

###     codetable       = "ISO/ASCII",

###     keywords        = "BibTeX, bibliography, HTML, journal table of

###                        contents",

###     supported       = "yes",

###     docstring       = "Create a journal cover table of contents from

###                        <at>Article{...} entries in a journal BibTeX

###                        .bib file for checking the bibliography

###                        database against the actual journal covers.

###                        The output can be either plain text, or HTML.

###

###                        Usage:

###                            bibclean -max-width 0 BibTeX-file(s) | \

###                                bibsort -byvolume | \

###                                awk -f journal-toc.awk \

###                                    [-v HTML=nnn] [-v INDENT=nnn] \

###                                    [-v BIBFILEURL=url] >foo.toc

###

###                            or if the bibliography is already sorted

###                            by volume,

###

###                            bibclean -max-width 0 BibTeX-file(s) | \

###                                awk -f journal-toc.awk \

###                                    [-v HTML=nnn] [-v INDENT=nnn] \

###                                    [-v BIBFILEURL=url] >foo.toc

###

###                        A non-zero value of the command-line option,

###                        HTML=nnn, results in HTML output instead of

###                        the default plain ASCII text (corresponding

###                        to HTML=0).  The

###

###                        The INDENT=nnn command-line option specifies

###                        the number of blanks to indent each logical

###                        level of HTML.  The default is INDENT=4.

###                        INDENT=0 suppresses indentation.  The INDENT

###                        option has no effect when the default HTML=0

###                        (plain text output) option is in effect.

###

###                        When HTML output is selected, the

###                        BIBFILEURL=url command-line option provides a

###                        way to request hypertext links from table of

###                        contents page numbers to the complete BibTeX

###                        entry for the article.  These links are

###                        created by appending a sharp (#) and the

###                        citation label to the BIBFILEURL value, which

###                        conforms with the practice of

###                        bibtex-to-html.awk.

###

###                        The HTML output form may be useful as a more

###                        compact representation of journal article

###                        bibliography data than the original BibTeX

###                        file provides.  Of course, the

###                        table-of-contents format provides less

###                        information, and is considerably more

###                        troublesome for a computer program to parse.

###

###                        When URL key values are provided, they will

###                        be used to create hypertext links around

###                        article titles.  This supports journals that

###                        provide article contents on the World-Wide

###                        Web.

###

###                        For parsing simplicity, this program requires

###                        that BibTeX

###

###                            key = "value"

###

###                        and

###

###                            @String{name = "value"}

###

###                        specifications be entirely contained on

###                        single lines, which is readily provided by

###                        the `bibclean -max-width 0' filter.  It also

###                        requires that bibliography entries begin and

###                        end at the start of a line, and that

###                        quotation marks, rather than balanced braces,

###                        delimit string values.  This is a

###                        conventional format that again can be

###                        guaranteed by bibclean.

###

###                        This program requires `new' awk, as described

###                        in the book

###

###                            Alfred V. Aho, Brian W. Kernighan, and

###                            Peter J. Weinberger,

###                            ``The AWK Programming Language'',

###                            Addison-Wesley (1988), ISBN

###                            0-201-07981-X,

###

###                        such as provided by programs named (GNU)

###                        gawk, nawk, and recent AT&T awk.

###

###                        The checksum field above contains a CRC-16

###                        checksum as the first value, followed by the

###                        equivalent of the standard UNIX wc (word

###                        count) utility output of lines, words, and

###                        characters.  This is produced by Robert

###                        Solovay's checksum utility.",

###  }

### ====================================================================

BEGIN						{ initialize() }

/^ *@ *[Ss][Tt][Rr][Ii][Nn][Gg] *\{/		{ do_String(); next }

/^ *@ *[Pp][Rr][Ee][Aa][Mm][Bb][Ll][Ee]/	{ next }

/^ *@ *[Aa][Rr][Tt][Ii][Cc][Ll][Ee]/		{ do_Article(); next }

/^ *@/						{ do_Other(); next }

/^ *author *= *\"/ 				{ do_author(); next }

/^ *journal *= */				{ do_journal(); next }

/^ *volume *= *\"/				{ do_volume(); next }

/^ *number *= *\"/				{ do_number(); next }

/^ *year *= *\"/				{ do_year(); next }

/^ *month *= */					{ do_month(); next }

/^ *title *= *\"/				{ do_title(); next }

/^ *pages *= *\"/				{ do_pages(); next }

/^ *URL *= *\"/					{ do_URL(); next }

/^ *} *$/					{ if (In_Article) do_end_entry(); next }

END						{ terminate() }

########################################################################

# NB: The programming conventions for variables in this program are:   #

#	UPPERCASE		global constants and user options      #

#	Initialuppercase	global variables                       #

#	lowercase		local variables                        #

# Any deviation is an error!                                           #

########################################################################

function do_Article()

{

	In_Article = 1

	Citation_label = $0

	sub(/^[^\{]*\{/,"",Citation_label)

	sub(/ *, *$/,"",Citation_label)

	Author = ""

        Title = ""

        Journal = ""

        Volume = ""

        Number = ""

        Month = ""

        Year = ""

        Pages = ""

        Url = ""

}

function do_author()

{

	Author = TeX_to_HTML(get_value($0))

}

function do_end_entry( k,n,parts)

{

	n = split(Author,parts," and ")

	if (Last_number != Number)

		do_new_issue()

	for (k = 1; k < n; ++k)

		print_toc_line(parts[k] " and", "", "")

	Title_prefix = html_begin_title()

	Title_suffix = html_end_title()

	if (html_length(Title) <= (MAX_TITLE_CHARS + MIN_LEADERS)) # complete title fits on line

		print_toc_line(parts[n], Title, html_begin_pages() Pages html_end_pages())

	else			# need to split long title over multiple lines

		do_long_title(parts[n], Title, html_begin_pages() Pages html_end_pages())

}

function do_journal()

{

	if ($0 ~ /[=] *"/)	# have journal = "quoted journal name",

		Journal = get_value($0)

	else			# have journal = journal-abbreviation,

	{

        	Journal = get_abbrev($0)

		if (Journal in String) # replace abbrev by its expansion

			Journal = String[Journal]

	}

	gsub(/\\-/,"",Journal)	# remove discretionary hyphens

}

function do_long_title(author,title,pages, last_title,n)

{

	title = trim(title)			# discard leading and trailing space

	while (length(title) > 0)

	{

		n = html_breakpoint(title,MAX_TITLE_CHARS+MIN_LEADERS)

		last_title = substr(title,1,n)

		title = substr(title,n+1)

		sub(/^ +/,"",title)		# discard any leading space

		print_toc_line(author, last_title, (length(title) == 0) ? pages : "")

		author = ""

	}

}

function do_month( k,n,parts)

{

	Month = ($0 ~ /[=] *"/) ? get_value($0) : get_abbrev($0)

	gsub(/[\"]/,"",Month)

	gsub(/ *# *\\slash *# */," / ",Month)

	gsub(/ *# *-+ *# */," / ",Month)

	n = split(Month,parts," */ *")

	Month = ""

	for (k = 1; k <= n; ++k)

		Month = Month ((k > 1) ? " / " : "") \

			((parts[k] in Month_expansion) ? Month_expansion[parts[k]] : parts[k])

}

function do_new_issue()

{

	Last_number = Number

	if (HTML)

	{

		if (Last_volume != Volume)

		{

			Last_volume = Volume

			print_line(prefix(2) "
")

		}

		html_end_toc()

		html_begin_issue()

		print_line(prefix(2) Journal "
")

	}

	else

	{

		print_line("")

		print_line(Journal)

	}

	print_line(strip_html(vol_no_month_year()))

	if (HTML)

	{

		html_end_issue()

		html_toc_entry()

		html_begin_toc()

	}

	else

		print_line("")

}

function do_number()

{

	Number = get_value($0)

}

function do_Other()

{

	In_Article = 0

}

function do_pages()

{

	Pages = get_value($0)

	sub(/--[?][?]/,"",Pages)

}

function do_String()

{

	sub(/^[^\{]*\{/,"",$0)	# discard up to and including open brace

	sub(/\} *$/,"",$0)	# discard from optional whitespace and trailing brace to end of line

	String[get_key($0)] = get_value($0)

}

function do_title()

{

	Title = TeX_to_HTML(get_value($0))

}

function do_URL( parts)

{

	Url = get_value($0)

	split(Url,parts,"[,;]")			# in case we have multiple URLs

	Url = trim(parts[1])

}

function do_volume()

{

	Volume = get_value($0)

}

function do_year()

{

	Year = get_value($0)

}

function get_abbrev(s)

{	# return abbrev from ``key = abbrev,''

	sub(/^[^=]*= */,"",s)	# discard text up to start of non-blank value

	sub(/ *,? *$/,"",s)	# discard trailing optional whitspace, quote,

				# optional comma, and optional space

	return (s)

}

function get_key(s)

{	# return kay from ``key = "value",''

	sub(/^ */,"",s)		# discard leading space

	sub(/ *=.*$/,"",s)	# discard everthing after key

	return (s)

}

function get_value(s)

{	# return value from ``key = "value",''

	sub(/^[^\"]*\" */,"",s)	# discard text up to start of non-blank value

	sub(/ *\",? *$/,"",s)	# discard trailing optional whitspace, quote,

				# optional comma, and optional space

	return (s)

}

function html_accents(s)

{

	if (index(s,"\\") > 0)			# important optimization

	{

		# Convert common lower-case accented letters according to the

		# table on p. 169 of in Peter Flynn's ``The World Wide Web

		# Handbook'', International Thomson Computer Press, 1995, ISBN

		# 1-85032-205-8.  The official table of ISO Latin 1 SGML

		# entities used in HTML can be found in the file

		# /usr/local/lib/html-check/lib/ISOlat1.sgml (your path

		# may differ).

		gsub(/{\\\a}/,	"\\à",	s)

		gsub(/{\\'a}/,	"\\á",	s)

		gsub(/{\\[\^]a}/,"\\â",	s)

		gsub(/{\\~a}/,	"\\ã",	s)

		gsub(/{\\\"a}/,	"\\ä",	s)

		gsub(/{\\aa}/,	"\\å",	s)

		gsub(/{\\ae}/,	"\\æ",	s)

		gsub(/\{\\c\{c\}\}/,"\\ç",	s)

		gsub(/\{\\\e\}/,	"\\è",	s)

		gsub(/\{\\'e\}/,	"\\é",	s)

		gsub(/\{\\[\^]e\}/,"\\ê",	s)

		gsub(/\{\\\"e\}/,	"\\ë",	s)

		gsub(/\{\\\i\}/,	"\\ì",	s)

		gsub(/\{\\'i\}/,	"\\í",	s)

		gsub(/\{\\[\^]i\}/,"\\î",	s)

		gsub(/\{\\\"i\}/,	"\\ï",	s)

		# ignore eth and thorn

		gsub(/\{\\~n\}/,	"\\ñ",	s)

		gsub(/\{\\\o\}/,	"\\ò",	s)

		gsub(/\{\\'o\}/,	"\\ó",	s)

		gsub(/\{\\[\^]o\}/, "\\ô",	s)

		gsub(/\{\\~o\}/,	"\\õ",	s)

		gsub(/\{\\\"o\}/,	"\\ö",	s)

		gsub(/\{\\o\}/,	"\\ø",	s)

		gsub(/\{\\\u\}/,	"\\ù",	s)

		gsub(/\{\\'u\}/,	"\\ú",	s)

		gsub(/\{\\[\^]u\}/,"\\û",	s)

		gsub(/\{\\\"u\}/,	"\\ü",	s)

		gsub(/\{\\'y\}/,	"\\ý",	s)

		gsub(/\{\\\"y\}/,	"\\ÿ",	s)

		# Now do the same for upper-case accents

		gsub(/\{\\\A\}/,	"\\À",	s)

		gsub(/\{\\'A\}/,	"\\Á",	s)

		gsub(/\{\\[\^]A\}/,	"\\Â",	s)

		gsub(/\{\\~A\}/,	"\\Ã",	s)

		gsub(/\{\\\"A\}/,	"\\Ä",	s)

		gsub(/\{\\AA\}/,	"\\Å",	s)

		gsub(/\{\\AE\}/,	"\\Æ",	s)

		gsub(/\{\\c\{C\}\}/,"\\Ç",	s)

		gsub(/\{\\\e\}/,	"\\È",	s)

		gsub(/\{\\'E\}/,	"\\É",	s)

		gsub(/\{\\[\^]E\}/,	"\\Ê",	s)

		gsub(/\{\\\"E\}/,	"\\Ë",	s)

		gsub(/\{\\\I\}/,	"\\Ì",	s)

		gsub(/\{\\'I\}/,	"\\Í",	s)

		gsub(/\{\\[\^]I\}/,	"\\Î",	s)

		gsub(/\{\\\"I\}/,	"\\Ï",	s)

		# ignore eth and thorn

		gsub(/\{\\~N\}/,	"\\Ñ",	s)

		gsub(/\{\\\O\}/,	"\\Ò",	s)

		gsub(/\{\\'O\}/,	"\\Ó",	s)

		gsub(/\{\\[\^]O\}/,	"\\Ô",	s)

		gsub(/\{\\~O\}/,	"\\Õ",	s)

		gsub(/\{\\\"O\}/,	"\\Ö",	s)

		gsub(/\{\\O\}/,	"\\Ø",	s)

		gsub(/\{\\\U\}/,	"\\Ù",	s)

		gsub(/\{\\'U\}/,	"\\Ú",	s)

		gsub(/\{\\[\^]U\}/,	"\\Û",	s)

		gsub(/\{\\\"U\}/,	"\\Ü",	s)

		gsub(/\{\\'Y\}/,	"\\Ý",	s)

		gsub(/\{\\ss\}/,	"\\ß",	s)

		# Others not mentioned in Flynn's book

		gsub(/\{\\'\\i\}/,"\\í",	s)

		gsub(/\{\\'\\j\}/,"j",		s)

	}

	return (s)

}

function html_begin_issue()

{

	print_line("")

	print_line(prefix(2) "
")

	print_line("")

	print_line(prefix(2) "
")

	print_line(prefix(3) "")

}

function html_begin_pages()

{

	return ((HTML && (BIBFILEURL != "")) ? ("") : "")

}

function html_begin_pre()

{

	In_PRE = 1

	print_line("
")

}

function html_begin_title()

{

	return ((HTML && (Url != "")) ? ("") : "")

}

function html_begin_toc()

{

	html_end_toc()

	html_begin_pre()

}

function html_body( k)

{

	for (k = 1; k <= BodyLines; ++k)

		print Body[k]

}

function html_breakpoint(title,maxlength, break_after,k)

{

	# Return the largest character position in title AFTER which we

	# can break the title across lines, without exceeding maxlength

	# visible characters.

	if (html_length(title) > maxlength)	# then need to split title across lines

	{

		# In the presence of HTML markup, the initialization of

		# k here is complicated, because we need to advance it

		# until html_length(title) is at least maxlength,

		# without invoking the expensive html_length() function

		# too frequently.  The need to split the title makes the

		# alternative of delayed insertion of HTML markup much

		# more complicated.

		break_after = 0

		for (k = min(maxlength,length(title)); k < length(title); ++k)

		{

			if (substr(title,k+1,1) == " ")

			{		# could break after position k

				if (html_length(substr(title,1,k)) <= maxlength)

					break_after = k

				else	# advanced too far, retreat back to last break_after

					break

			}

		}

		if (break_after == 0)		# no breakpoint found by forward scan

		{				# so switch to backward scan

			for (k = min(maxlength,length(title)) - 1; \

				(k > 0) && (substr(title,k+1,1) != " "); --k)

				;		# find space at which to break title

			if (k < 1)		# no break point found

				k = length(title) # so must print entire string

		}

		else

			k = break_after

	}

	else					# title fits on one line

		k = length(title)

	return (k)

}

function html_end_issue()

{

	print_line(prefix(3) "")

	print_line(prefix(2) "")

}

function html_end_pages()

{

	return ((HTML && (BIBFILEURL != "")) ? "" : "")

}

function html_end_pre()

{

	if (In_PRE)

	{

		print_line("")

		In_PRE = 0

	}

}

function html_end_title()

{

	return ((HTML && (Url != "")) ? "" : "")

}

function html_end_toc()

{

	html_end_pre()

}

function html_fonts(s, arg,control_word,k,level,n,open_brace)

{

	open_brace = index(s,"{")

	if (open_brace > 0)			# important optimization

	{

		level = 1

		for (k = open_brace + 1; (level != 0) && (k <= length(s)); ++k)

		{

			if (substr(s,k,1) == "{")

				level++

			else if (substr(s,k,1) == "}")

				level--

		}

		# {...} is now found at open_brace ... (k-1)

		for (control_word in Font_decl_map)	# look for {\xxx ...}

		{

			if (substr(s,open_brace+1,length(control_word)+1) ~ \

				("\\" control_word "[^A-Za-z]"))

			{

				n = open_brace + 1 + length(control_word)

				arg = trim(substr(s,n,k - n))

				if (Font_decl_map[control_word] == "toupper") # arg -> ARG

					arg = toupper(arg)

				else if (Font_decl_map[control_word] != "") # arg -> <TAG>arg</TAG>

					arg = "<" Font_decl_map[control_word] ">" arg "</" Font_decl_map[control_word] ">"

				return (substr(s,1,open_brace-1) arg html_fonts(substr(s,k)))

			}

		}

		for (control_word in Font_cmd_map)	# look for \xxx{...}

		{

			if (substr(s,open_brace - length(control_word),length(control_word)) ~ \

				("\\" control_word))

			{

				n = open_brace + 1

				arg = trim(substr(s,n,k - n))

				if (Font_cmd_map[control_word] == "toupper") # arg -> ARG

					arg = toupper(arg)

				else if (Font_cmd_map[control_word] != "") # arg -> <TAG>arg</TAG>

					arg = "<" Font_cmd_map[control_word] ">" arg "</" Font_cmd_map[control_word] ">"

				n = open_brace - length(control_word) - 1

				return (substr(s,1,n) arg html_fonts(substr(s,k)))

			}

		}

	}

	return (s)

}

function html_header()

{

	USER = ENVIRON["USER"]

	if (USER == "")

	    USER = ENVIRON["LOGNAME"]

	if (USER == "")

	    USER = "????"

	"hostname" | getline HOSTNAME

	"date" | getline DATE

	("ypcat passwd | grep '^" USER ":' | awk -F: '{print $5}'") | getline PERSONAL_NAME

	if (PERSONAL_NAME == "")

	    ("grep  '^" USER ":' /etc/passwd | awk -F: '{print $5}'") | getline PERSONAL_NAME

	print ""

	print ""

	print ""

	print ""

	print ""

	print ""

	print ""

	print ""

	print "<HTML>"

	print prefix(1) "<HEAD>"

	print prefix(2) "<TITLE>"

	print prefix(3)  Journal

	print prefix(2) "</TITLE>"

	print prefix(2) "<LINK REV=\"made\" HREF=\"mailto:" USER "@" HOSTNAME "\">"

	print prefix(1) "</HEAD>"

	print ""

	print prefix(1) "<BODY>"

}

function html_label( label)

{

	label = Volume "(" Number "):" Month ":" Year

	# gsub(/[^A-Za-z0-9():,;.\/\-]/,"",label)

	gsub(/[^[:alnum:]():,;.\/\-]/,"",label)

	return (label)

}

function html_length(s)

{	# Return visible length of s, ignoring any HTML markup

	if (HTML)

	{

		gsub(/<\/?[^>]*>/,"",s)		# remove SGML tags

		# gsub(/&[A-Za-z0-9]+;/,"",s)	# remove SGML entities

		gsub(/&[[:alnum:]]+;/,"",s)	# remove SGML entities

	}

	return (length(s))

}

function html_toc()

{

	print prefix(2) "
"

	print prefix(3) "Table of contents for issues of " Journal

	print prefix(2) ""

	print HTML_TOC

}

function html_toc_entry()

{

	HTML_TOC = HTML_TOC "        "

	HTML_TOC = HTML_TOC vol_no_month_year()

	HTML_TOC = HTML_TOC "
" "\n"

}

function html_trailer()

{

	html_end_pre()

	print prefix(1) "</BODY>"

	print "</HTML>"

}

function initialize()

{

	# NB: Update these when the program changes

	VERSION_DATE = "[09-Oct-1996]"

	VERSION_NUMBER = "1.00"

	HTML = (HTML == "") ? 0 : (0 + HTML)

	if (INDENT == "")

		INDENT = 4

	if (HTML == 0)

		INDENT = 0	# indentation suppressed in ASCII mode

	LEADERS = " . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ."

	MAX_TITLE_CHARS = 36	# 36 produces a 79-char output line when there is

				# just an initial page number.  If this is

				# increased, the LEADERS string may need to be

				# lengthened.

	MIN_LEADERS = 4		# Minimum number of characters from LEADERS

				# required when leaders are used.  The total

				# number of characters that can appear in a

				# title line is MAX_TITLE_CHARS + MIN_LEADERS.

				# Leaders are omitted when the title length is

				# between MAX_TITLE_CHARS and this sum.

	MIN_LEADERS_SPACE = "        "	# must be at least MIN_LEADERS characters long

	Month_expansion["jan"]	= "January"

	Month_expansion["feb"]	= "February"

	Month_expansion["mar"]	= "March"

	Month_expansion["apr"]	= "April"

	Month_expansion["may"]	= "May"

	Month_expansion["jun"]	= "June"

	Month_expansion["jul"]	= "July"

	Month_expansion["aug"]	= "August"

	Month_expansion["sep"]	= "September"

	Month_expansion["oct"]	= "October"

	Month_expansion["nov"]	= "November"

	Month_expansion["dec"]	= "December"

	Font_cmd_map["\\emph"]		= "EM"

	Font_cmd_map["\\textbf"]	= "B"

	Font_cmd_map["\\textit"]	= "I"

	Font_cmd_map["\\textmd"]	= ""

	Font_cmd_map["\\textrm"]	= ""

	Font_cmd_map["\\textsc"]	= "toupper"

	Font_cmd_map["\\textsl"]	= "I"

	Font_cmd_map["\\texttt"]	= "t"

	Font_cmd_map["\\textup"]	= ""

	Font_decl_map["\\bf"]		= "B"

	Font_decl_map["\\em"]		= "EM"

	Font_decl_map["\\it"]		= "I"

	Font_decl_map["\\rm"]		= ""

	Font_decl_map["\\sc"]		= "toupper"

	Font_decl_map["\\sf"]		= ""

	Font_decl_map["\\tt"]		= "TT"

	Font_decl_map["\\itshape"]	= "I"

	Font_decl_map["\\upshape"]	= ""

	Font_decl_map["\\slshape"]	= "I"

	Font_decl_map["\\scshape"]	= "toupper"

	Font_decl_map["\\mdseries"]	= ""

	Font_decl_map["\\bfseries"]	= "B"

	Font_decl_map["\\rmfamily"]	= ""

	Font_decl_map["\\sffamily"]	= ""

	Font_decl_map["\\ttfamily"]	= "TT"

}

function min(a,b)

{

	return (a < b) ? a : b

}

function prefix(level)

{

	# Return a prefix of up to 60 blanks

	if (In_PRE)

		return ("")

	else

		return (substr("                                                            ", \

			1, INDENT * level))

}

function print_line(line)

{

	if (HTML)		# must buffer in memory so that we can accumulate TOC

		Body[++BodyLines] = line

	else

		print line

}

function print_toc_line(author,title,pages, extra,leaders,n,t)

{

	# When we have a multiline title, the hypertext link goes only

	# on the first line.  A multiline hypertext link looks awful

	# because of long underlines under the leading indentation.

	if (pages == "")	# then no leaders needed in title lines other than last one

		t = sprintf("%31s   %s%s%s", author, Title_prefix, title, Title_suffix)

	else					# last title line, with page number

	{

		n = html_length(title)		# potentially expensive

		extra = n % 2			# extra space for aligned leader dots

		if (n <= MAX_TITLE_CHARS) 	# then need leaders

			leaders = substr(LEADERS, 1, MAX_TITLE_CHARS + MIN_LEADERS - extra - \

				   min(MAX_TITLE_CHARS,n))

		else				# title (almost) fills line, so no leaders

			leaders = substr(MIN_LEADERS_SPACE,1, \

					 (MAX_TITLE_CHARS + MIN_LEADERS - extra - n))

		t = sprintf("%31s   %s%s%s%s%s %4s", \

			    author, Title_prefix, title, Title_suffix, \

			    (extra ? " " : ""), leaders, pages)

	}

	Title_prefix = ""	# forget any hypertext

	Title_suffix = ""	# link material

	# Efficency note: an earlier version accumulated the body in a

	# single scalar like this: "Body = Body t".  Profiling revealed

	# this statement as the major hot spot, and the change to array

	# storage made the program more than twice as fast.  This

	# suggests that awk might benefit from an optimization of

	# "s = s t" that uses realloc() instead of malloc().

	if (HTML)

		Body[++BodyLines] = t

	else

		print t

}

function protect_SGML_characters(s)

{

    gsub(/&/,"\\&",s)	# NB: this one MUST be first

    gsub(/</,"\\<",s)

    gsub(/>/,"\\>",s)

    gsub(/\"/,"\\"",s)

    return (s)

}

function strip_braces(s, k)

{	# strip non-backslashed braces from s and return the result

	return (strip_char(strip_char(s,"{"),"}"))

}

function strip_char(s,c, k)

{	# strip non-backslashed instances of c from s, and return the result

	k = index(s,c)

	if (k > 0)		# then found the character

	{

		if (substr(s,k-1,1) != "\\") # then not backslashed char

			s = substr(s,1,k-1) strip_char(substr(s,k+1),c) # so remove it (recursively)

		else		# preserve backslashed char

			s = substr(s,1,k) strip_char(s,k+1,c)

	}

	return (s)

}

function strip_html(s)

{

	gsub(/<\/?[^>]*>/,"",s)