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.\"
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.de CO
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\dB\\$1\fP \fI\\$2\fP
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..
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.TH CRASH 8
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501009 |
.SH NAME
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crash \- Analyze Linux crash dump data or a live system
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501009 |
.SH SYNOPSIS
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501009 |
.B crash
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[\fIOPTION\fR]... \fINAMELIST MEMORY-IMAGE[@ADDRESS] (dumpfile form)\fR
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.br
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501009 |
.B crash
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501009 |
[\fIOPTION\fR]... \fI[NAMELIST] (live system form)\fR
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501009 |
.SH DESCRIPTION
|
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501009 |
.B Crash
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501009 |
is a tool for interactively analyzing the state of the Linux system
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501009 |
while it is running, or after a kernel crash has occurred and a
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501009 |
core dump has been created by the
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501009 |
.I netdump,
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501009 |
.I diskdump,
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501009 |
.I LKCD,
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501009 |
.I kdump,
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Packit Service |
501009 |
.I xendump
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501009 |
or
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501009 |
.I kvmdump
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501009 |
facilities. It is loosely based on the SVR4 UNIX crash
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501009 |
command, but has been significantly enhanced
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501009 |
by completely merging it with the
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501009 |
.B gdb(1)
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501009 |
debugger. The marriage of the two effectively combines the
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501009 |
kernel-specific nature of the traditional UNIX crash utility with the
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501009 |
source code level debugging capabilities of
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501009 |
.B gdb(1).
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501009 |
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501009 |
In the
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.I dumpfile form,
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501009 |
both a NAMELIST and a MEMORY-IMAGE argument must be entered.
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501009 |
In the
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501009 |
.I live system form,
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501009 |
the NAMELIST argument must be entered if
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501009 |
the kernel's
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501009 |
.I vmlinux
|
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501009 |
file is not
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501009 |
located in a known location, such as the
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.I /usr/lib/debug/lib/modules/<kernel-version>
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directory.
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501009 |
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501009 |
The
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.B crash
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501009 |
utility has also been extended to support the analysis
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501009 |
of dumpfiles generated by a crash of the Xen hypervisor. In that
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case, the NAMELIST argument must be that of the
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.I xen-syms
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501009 |
binary.
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501009 |
Live system analysis is not supported for the Xen hypervisor.
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501009 |
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The
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501009 |
.B crash
|
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501009 |
utility command set consists of common kernel core analysis tools
|
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501009 |
such as kernel stack back traces of all processes, source code disassembly,
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501009 |
formatted kernel structure and variable displays, virtual memory data,
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dumps of linked-lists, etc., along with several commands that delve
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501009 |
deeper into specific kernel subsystems. Appropriate
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.B gdb
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501009 |
commands may also be entered, which in
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501009 |
turn are passed on to the
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501009 |
.B gdb
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501009 |
module for execution.
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501009 |
If desired, commands may be placed in either a
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501009 |
.I $HOME/.crashrc
|
|
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501009 |
file and/or in a
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501009 |
.I .crashrc
|
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501009 |
file in the current directory.
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501009 |
During initialization, the commands in
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501009 |
.I $HOME/.crashrc
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501009 |
are executed first, followed by those in the
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501009 |
.I ./.crashrc
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file.
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501009 |
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501009 |
The
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501009 |
.B crash
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501009 |
utility is designed to be independent of Linux version
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501009 |
dependencies. When new kernel source code impacts the
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501009 |
correct functionality of
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501009 |
.B crash
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501009 |
and its command set, the utility will
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501009 |
be updated to recognize new kernel code changes, while
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maintaining backwards compatibility with earlier releases.
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.SH OPTIONS
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501009 |
.de BS
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\fB\\$1\fP\ \fR\\$2\fP
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..
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501009 |
.TP
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.BI NAMELIST
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This is a pathname to an uncompressed kernel image
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501009 |
(a
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501009 |
.I vmlinux
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|
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501009 |
file), or a Xen hypervisor image (a
|
|
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501009 |
.I xen-syms
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501009 |
file)
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501009 |
which has been compiled with the "-g" option.
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501009 |
If using the
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501009 |
.I dumpfile form,
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501009 |
a
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501009 |
.I vmlinux
|
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501009 |
file may be compressed in either gzip or bzip2 formats.
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501009 |
.TP
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501009 |
.BI MEMORY-IMAGE[@ADDRESS]
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|
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A kernel core dump file created by the
|
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501009 |
.I netdump,
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
.I diskdump,
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
.I LKCD
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
.I kdump,
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
.I xendump
|
|
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501009 |
or
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
.I kvmdump
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
facilities.
|
|
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501009 |
|
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501009 |
If a MEMORY-IMAGE argument is not entered, the session will be invoked on
|
|
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501009 |
the live system, which typically requires root privileges because of
|
|
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501009 |
the device file used to access system RAM. By default,
|
|
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501009 |
.I /dev/crash
|
|
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501009 |
will be used if it exists. If it does not exist, then
|
|
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501009 |
.I /dev/mem
|
|
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501009 |
will be used; but if the kernel has been configured
|
|
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501009 |
with
|
|
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501009 |
.B CONFIG_STRICT_DEVMEM,
|
|
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501009 |
then
|
|
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501009 |
.I /proc/kcore
|
|
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501009 |
will be used.
|
|
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501009 |
It is permissible to explicitly enter
|
|
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501009 |
.I /dev/crash,
|
|
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501009 |
.I /dev/mem
|
|
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501009 |
or
|
|
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501009 |
.I /proc/kcore.
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
|
|
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501009 |
An @ADDRESS value must be appended to the MEMORY-IMAGE if the dumpfile
|
|
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501009 |
is a raw RAM dumpfile that has no header information describing the file
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
contents. Multiple MEMORY-IMAGE@ADDRESS ordered pairs may be entered,
|
|
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501009 |
with each dumpfile containing a contiguous block of RAM, where the ADDRESS
|
|
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501009 |
value is the physical start address of the block expressed in hexadecimal.
|
|
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501009 |
The physical address value(s) will be used to create a temporary ELF header
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
in /var/tmp, which will only exist during the crash session. If a raw RAM
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
dumpile represents a live memory source, such as that specified by the QEMU
|
|
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501009 |
mem-path argument of a memory-backend-file object, then "live:" must be
|
|
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501009 |
prepended to the MEMORY-IMAGE name.
|
|
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501009 |
.TP
|
|
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501009 |
.BI mapfile
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
If the NAMELIST file is not the same kernel that is
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
running (live system form), or the kernel that was running
|
|
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501009 |
when the system crashed (dumpfile form), then the
|
|
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501009 |
.I System.map
|
|
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501009 |
file of the original kernel should be entered on the command line.
|
|
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501009 |
.P
|
|
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501009 |
.BI -h \ [option]
|
|
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501009 |
.br
|
|
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501009 |
.BI \--help \ [option]
|
|
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501009 |
.RS
|
|
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501009 |
Without an
|
|
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501009 |
.I option
|
|
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501009 |
argument, display a
|
|
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501009 |
.B crash
|
|
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501009 |
usage help message. If the
|
|
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501009 |
.I option
|
|
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501009 |
argument is a
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
.B crash
|
|
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501009 |
command name, the help page for that command is displayed. If it is
|
|
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501009 |
the string "input", a page describing the various
|
|
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501009 |
.B crash
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
command line input options is displayed. If it is the string "output", a
|
|
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501009 |
page describing command line output options is displayed.
|
|
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501009 |
If it is the string "all", then all of the possible help messages
|
|
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501009 |
are displayed. After the help message is displayed,
|
|
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501009 |
.B crash
|
|
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501009 |
exits.
|
|
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501009 |
.RE
|
|
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501009 |
.TP
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
.B \-s
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
Silently proceed directly to the "crash>" prompt without displaying
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
any version, GPL, or
|
|
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501009 |
.B crash
|
|
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501009 |
initialization data during startup, and by default, runtime command
|
|
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501009 |
output is not passed to any scrolling command.
|
|
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501009 |
.TP
|
|
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501009 |
.BI \-i \ file
|
|
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501009 |
Execute the command(s) contained in
|
|
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501009 |
.I file
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
prior to displaying the "crash>" prompt for interactive
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
user input.
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
.TP
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
.BI \-d \ num
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
Set the internal debug level.
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
The higher the number, the more debugging data will be printed when
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
.B crash
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
initializes and runs.
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
.TP
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
.B \-S
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
Use
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
.I /boot/System.map
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
as the
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
.I mapfile\fP.
|
|
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501009 |
.TP
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
.B \-e \fIvi | emacs\fR
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
Set the
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
.B readline(3)
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
command line editing mode to "vi" or "emacs". The default
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
editing mode is "vi".
|
|
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501009 |
.TP
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
.B \-f
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
Force the usage of a compressed
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
.I vmlinux
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
file if its original name
|
|
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501009 |
does not start with "vmlinux".
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
.TP
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
.B \-k
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
Indicate that the NAMELIST file is an LKCD "Kerntypes" debuginfo file.
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
.TP
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
.BI -g \ [namelist]
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
Determine if a
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
.I vmlinux
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
or
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
.I xen-syms
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
namelist file contains debugging data.
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
.TP
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
.B \-t
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
Display the system-crash timestamp and exit.
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
.TP
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
.B \-L
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
Attempt to lock all of its virtual address space into memory by calling mlockall(MCL_CURRENT|MCL_FUTURE)
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
during initialization. If the system call fails, an error message will be displayed,
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
but the session continues.
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
.TP
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
.BI \-c \ tty-device
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
Open the
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
.I tty-device
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
as the console used for debug messages.
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
.TP
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
.BI \-p \ page-size
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
If a processor's page size cannot be determined by the dumpfile,
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
and the processor default cannot be used, use
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
.I page-size.
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
.TP
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
.BI \-o \ filename
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
Only used with the MEMORY-IMAGE@ADDRESS format for raw RAM dumpfiles,
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
specifies a filename of a new ELF vmcore that will be created and used
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
as the dumpfile. It will be saved to allow future use as a standalone
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
vmcore, replacing the original raw RAM dumpfile.
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
.P
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
.B -m \fIoption=value\fR
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
.br
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
.B --machdep \fIoption=value\fR
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
.RS
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
Pass an option and value pair to machine-dependent code. These
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
architecture-specific option/pairs should only be
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
required in very rare circumstances:
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
.P
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
.nf
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
X86_64:
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
phys_base=<physical-address>
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
irq_eframe_link=<value>
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
irq_stack_gap=<value>
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
max_physmem_bits=<value>
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
kernel_image_size=<value>
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
vm=orig (pre-2.6.11 virtual memory address ranges)
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
vm=2.6.11 (2.6.11 and later virtual memory address ranges)
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
vm=xen (Xen kernel virtual memory address ranges)
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
vm=xen-rhel4 (RHEL4 Xen kernel virtual address ranges)
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
vm=5level (5-level page tables)
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
page_offset=<PAGE_OFFSET-value>
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
PPC64:
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
vm=orig
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
vm=2.6.14 (4-level page tables)
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
IA64:
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
phys_start=<physical-address>
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
init_stack_size=<size>
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
vm=4l (4-level page tables)
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
ARM:
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
phys_base=<physical-address>
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
ARM64:
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
phys_offset=<physical-address>
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
kimage_voffset=<kimage_voffset-value>
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
max_physmem_bits=<value>
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
X86:
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
page_offset=<CONFIG_PAGE_OFFSET-value>
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
.fi
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
.RE
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
.TP
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
.B \-x
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
Automatically load extension modules from a particular directory.
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
If a directory is specified in the
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
.B CRASH_EXTENSIONS
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
shell environment
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
variable, then that directory will be used. Otherwise
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
.I /usr/lib64/crash/extensions
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
(64-bit architectures) or
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
.I /usr/lib/crash/extensions
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
(32-bit architectures) will be used;
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
if they do not exist, then the
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
.I ./extensions directory will be used.
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
.TP
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
.BI --active
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
Track only the active task on each cpu.
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
.TP
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
.BI --buildinfo
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
Display the crash binary's build date, the user ID of the builder,
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
the hostname of the machine where the build was done, the target
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
architecture, the version number, and the compiler version.
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
.TP
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
.BI --memory_module \ modname
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
Use the
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
.I modname
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
as an alternative kernel module to the
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
.I crash.ko
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
module that creates the
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
.I /dev/crash
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
device.
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
.TP
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
.BI --memory_device \ device
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
Use
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
.I device
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
as an alternative device to the
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
.I /dev/crash, /dev/mem
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
or
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
.I /proc/kcore
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
devices.
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
.TP
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
.BI --log \ dumpfile
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
Dump the contents of the kernel log buffer. A kernel namelist
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
argument is not necessary, but the dumpfile must contain the
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
VMCOREINFO data taken from the original /proc/vmcore ELF header.
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
.TP
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
.B --no_kallsyms
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
Do not use kallsyms-generated symbol information contained within
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
kernel module object files.
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
.TP
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
.B --no_modules
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
Do not access or display any kernel module related information.
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
.TP
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
.B --no_ikconf
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
Do not attempt to read configuration data that was built into kernels
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
configured with
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
.B CONFIG_IKCONFIG.
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
.TP
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
.B --no_data_debug
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
Do not verify the validity of all structure member offsets and structure
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
sizes that it uses.
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
.TP
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
.B --no_kmem_cache
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
Do not initialize the kernel's slab cache infrastructure, and commands that
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
use kmem_cache-related data will not work.
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
.TP
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
.B --no_elf_notes
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
Do not use the registers from the ELF NT_PRSTATUS notes saved in a compressed kdump header
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
for backtraces.
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
.TP
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
.B --kmem_cache_delay
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
Delay the initialization of the kernel's slab cache infrastructure until
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
it is required by a run-time command.
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
.TP
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
.B --readnow
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
Pass this flag to the embedded
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
.B gdb
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
module, which will override its two-stage strategy that it uses for reading
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
symbol tables from the NAMELIST.
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
.TP
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
.B --smp
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
Specify that the system being analyzed is an SMP kernel.
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
.P
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
.B -v
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
.br
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
.B --version
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
.RS
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
Display the version of the
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
.B crash
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
utility, the version of the embedded
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
.B gdb
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
module, GPL information, and copyright notices.
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
.RE
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
.TP
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
.BI --cpus \ number
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
Specify the
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
.I number
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
of cpus in the SMP system being analyzed.
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
.TP
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
.BI --osrelease \ dumpfile
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
Display the OSRELEASE vmcoreinfo string from a kdump
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
.I dumpfile
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
header.
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
.TP
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
.BI --hyper
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
Force the session to be that of a Xen hypervisor.
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
.TP
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
.BI --p2m_mfn \ pfn
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
When a Xen Hypervisor or its dom0 kernel crashes, the dumpfile
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
is typically analyzed with either the Xen hypervisor or the dom0 kernel.
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
It is also possible to analyze any of the guest domU kernels if
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
the pfn_to_mfn_list_list
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
.I pfn
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
value of the guest kernel is passed on the
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
command line along with its NAMELIST and the
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
dumpfile.
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
.TP
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
.BI --xen_phys_start \ physical-address
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
Supply the base physical address of the Xen hypervisor's text and static data
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
for older xendump dumpfiles that did not pass that information in the dumpfile
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
header.
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
.TP
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
.B --zero_excluded
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
If the makedumpfile(8) facility has filtered a compressed kdump dumpfile to
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
exclude various types of non-essential pages, or has marked a compressed or
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
ELF kdump dumpfile as incomplete due to an ENOSPC or other error during its
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
creation, any attempt to read missing pages will fail. With this flag, reads
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
from any of those pages will return zero-filled memory.
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
.TP
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
.B --no_panic
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
Do not attempt to find the task that was running when the kernel crashed.
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
Set the initial context to that of the "swapper" task on cpu 0.
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
.TP
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
.B --more
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
Use
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
.I /bin/more
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
as the command output scroller, overriding the default of
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
.I /usr/bin/less
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
and any settings in either
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
.I ./.crashrc
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
or
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
.I $HOME/.crashrc.
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
.TP
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
.B --less
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
Use
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
.I /usr/bin/less
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
as the command output scroller, overriding
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
any settings in either
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
.I ./.crashrc
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
or
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
.I $HOME/.crashrc.
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
.TP
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
.B --hex
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
Set the default command output radix to 16, overriding the default radix of 10,
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
and any radix settings in either
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
.I ./.crashrc
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
or
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
.I $HOME/.crashrc.
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
.TP
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
.B --dec
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
Set the default command output radix to 10, overriding any
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
radix settings in either
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
.I ./.crashrc
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
or
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
.I $HOME/.crashrc. This is the default radix setting.
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
.TP
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
.B --CRASHPAGER
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
Use the output paging command defined in the
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
.B CRASHPAGER
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
shell environment
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
variable, overriding any settings in either
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
.I ./.crashrc
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
or
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
.I $HOME/.crashrc.
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
.TP
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
.B --no_scroll
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
Do not pass run-time command output to any scrolling command.
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
.TP
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
.B --no_strip
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
Do not strip cloned kernel text symbol names.
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
.TP
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
.B --no_crashrc
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
Do not execute the commands in either
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
.I $HOME/.crashrc
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
or
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
.I ./.crashrc.
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
.TP
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
.BI --mod \ directory
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
When loading the debuginfo data of kernel modules with the
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
.I mod -S
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
command, search for their object files in
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
.I directory
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
instead of in the standard location.
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
.TP
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
.BI --kaslr \ offset | auto
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
If an x86_64 kernel was configured with
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
.B CONFIG_RANDOMIZE_BASE,
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
the offset value is equal to the difference between the symbol values
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
compiled into the vmlinux file and their relocated KASLR values. If set to
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
auto, the KASLR offset value will be automatically calculated.
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
.TP
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
.BI --reloc \ size
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
When analyzing live x86 kernels that were configured with a
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
.B CONFIG_PHYSICAL_START
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
value that is larger than its
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
.B CONFIG_PHYSICAL_ALIGN
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
value, then it will be necessary to enter
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
a relocation size equal to the difference between the two values.
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
.TP
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
.BI --hash \ count
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
Set the number of internal hash queue heads used for list gathering
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
and verification. The default count is 32768.
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
.TP
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
.B --minimal
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
Bring up a session that is restricted to the
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
.I log, dis, rd, sym, eval, set
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
and
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
.I exit
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
commands. This option may provide a way to
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
extract some minimal/quick information from a corrupted or truncated
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
dumpfile, or in situations where one of the several kernel subsystem
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
initialization routines would abort the
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
.B crash
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
session.
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
.TP
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
.BI --kvmhost \ [32|64]
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
When examining an x86 KVM guest dumpfile, this option specifies
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
that the KVM host that created the dumpfile was an x86 (32-bit)
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
or an x86_64 (64-bit) machine, overriding the automatically
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
determined value.
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
.TP
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
.BI --kvmio \ <size>
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
override the automatically-calculated KVM guest I/O hole size.
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
.TP
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
.BI --offline \ [show|hide]
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
Show or hide command output that is related to offline cpus. The
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
default setting is show.
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
.SH COMMANDS
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
Each
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
.B crash
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
command generally falls into one of the following categories:
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
.TP
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
.I Symbolic display
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
Displays of kernel text/data, which take full advantage of the power of
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
.B gdb
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
to format and display data structures symbolically.
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
.TP
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
.I System state
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
The majority of
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
.B crash
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
commands consist of a set of "kernel-aware"
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
commands, which delve into various kernel subsystems on a system-wide
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
or per-task basis.
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
.TP
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
.I Utility functions
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
A set of useful helper commands serving various purposes, some simple,
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
others quite powerful.
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
.TP
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
.I Session control
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
Commands that control the
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
.B crash
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
session itself.
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
.PP
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
The following alphabetical list consists of a very simple overview of each
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
.B crash
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
command.
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
However, since individual commands often have several options resulting in
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
significantly different output, it is suggested that the full description
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
of each command be viewed by executing
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
.I crash\ -h\ \fI<command>\fP,
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
or during a
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
.B crash
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
session by simply entering
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
.B \fIhelp command\fP.
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
.TP
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
.I *
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
"pointer to" is shorthand for either the
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
.I struct
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
or
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
.I union
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
commands. It displays the contents of a kernel structure or union.
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
.TP
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
.I alias
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
creates a single-word alias for a command.
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
.TP
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
.I ascii
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
displays an ascii chart or translates a numeric value into its ascii components.
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
.TP
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
.I bt
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
displays a task's kernel-stack backtrace. If it is given the
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
.I \-a
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
option, it displays the stack traces of the active tasks on all CPUs.
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
It is often used with the
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
.I foreach
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
command to display the backtraces of all tasks with one command.
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
.TP
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
.I btop
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
translates a byte value (physical offset) to its page number.
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
.TP
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
.I dev
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
displays data concerning the character and block device
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
assignments, I/O port usage, I/O memory usage, and PCI device data.
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
.TP
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
.I dis
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
disassembles memory, either entire kernel functions, from a
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
location for a specified number of instructions, or from the start of a
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
function up to a specified memory location.
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
.TP
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
.I eval
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
evaluates an expression or numeric type and displays the result
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
in hexadecimal, decimal, octal and binary.
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
.TP
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
.I exit
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
causes
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
.B crash
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
to exit.
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
.TP
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
.I extend
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
dynamically loads or unloads
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
.B crash
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
shared object extension modules.
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
.TP
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
.I files
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
displays information about open files in a context.
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
.TP
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
.I foreach
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
repeats a specified command for the specified (or all) tasks
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
in the system.
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
.TP
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
.I fuser
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
displays the tasks using the specified file or socket.
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
.TP
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
.I gdb
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
passes its argument to the embedded
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
.B gdb
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
module. It is useful for executing
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
.B gdb
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
commands that have the same name as
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
.B crash
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
commands.
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
.TP
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
.I help
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
alone displays the command menu; if followed by a command name, a full
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
description of a command, its options, and examples are displayed.
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
Its output is far more complete and useful than this man page.
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
.TP
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
.I ipcs
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
displays data about the System V IPC facilities.
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
.TP
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
.I irq
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
displays data concerning interrupt request numbers and
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
bottom-half interrupt handling.
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
.TP
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
.I kmem
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
displays information about the use of kernel memory.
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
.TP
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
.I list
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
displays the contents of a linked list.
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
.TP
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
.I log
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
displays the kernel log_buf contents in chronological order.
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
.TP
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
.I mach
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
displays data specific to the machine type.
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
.TP
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
.I mod
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
displays information about the currently installed kernel modules,
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
or adds or deletes symbolic or debugging information about specified kernel
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
modules.
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
.TP
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
.I mount
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
displays information about the currently-mounted filesystems.
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
.TP
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
.I net
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
display various network related data.
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
.TP
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
.I p
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
passes its arguments to the
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
.B gdb
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
"print" command for evaluation and display.
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
.TP
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
.I ps
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
displays process status for specified, or all, processes
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
in the system.
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
.TP
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
.I pte
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
translates the hexadecimal contents of a PTE into its physical
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
page address and page bit settings.
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
.TP
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
.I ptob
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
translates a page frame number to its byte value.
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
.TP
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
.I ptov
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
translates a hexadecimal physical address into a kernel
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
virtual address.
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
.TP
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
.I q
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
is an alias for the "exit" command.
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
.TP
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
.I rd
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
displays the contents of memory, with the output formatted
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
in several different manners.
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
.TP
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
.I repeat
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
repeats a command indefinitely, optionally delaying a given
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
number of seconds between each command execution.
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
.TP
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
.I runq
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
displays the tasks on the run queue.
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
.TP
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
.I search
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
searches a range of user or kernel memory space for given value.
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
.TP
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
.I set
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
either sets a new context, or gets the current context for
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
display.
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
.TP
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
.I sig
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
displays signal-handling data of one or more tasks.
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
.TP
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
.I struct
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
displays either a structure definition or the contents of a
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
kernel structure at a specified address.
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
.TP
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
.I swap
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
displays information about each configured swap device.
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
.TP
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
.I sym
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
translates a symbol to its virtual address, or a static
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
kernel virtual address to its symbol -- or to a symbol-plus-offset value,
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
if appropriate.
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
.TP
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
.I sys
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
displays system-specific data.
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
.TP
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
.I task
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
displays the contents of a task_struct.
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
.TP
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
.I tree
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
displays the contents of a red-black tree or a radix tree.
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
.TP
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
.I timer
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
displays the timer queue entries, both old- and new-style,
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
in chronological order.
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
.TP
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
.I union
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
is similar to the
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
.I struct
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
command, except that it works on kernel unions.
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
.TP
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
.I vm
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
displays basic virtual memory information of a context.
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
.TP
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
.I vtop
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
translates a user or kernel virtual address to its physical
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
address.
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
.TP
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
.I waitq
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
walks the wait queue list displaying the tasks which
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
are blocked on the specified wait queue.
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
.TP
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
.I whatis
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
displays the definition of structures, unions, typedefs or
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
text/data symbols.
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
.TP
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
.I wr
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
modifies the contents of memory on a live system.
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
It can only be used if
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
.I /dev/mem
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
is the device file being used to access system RAM, and should obviously be used with great care.
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
.PP
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
When
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
.B crash
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
is invoked with a Xen hypervisor binary as the NAMELIST, the
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
command set is slightly modified. The
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
.I *, alias, ascii, bt, dis, eval, exit, extend,
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
.I gdb, help, list, log, p, pte, rd, repeat,
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
.I search, set, struct, sym, sys, union,
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
.I whatis, wr
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
and
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
.I q
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
commands are the same as above. The following commands
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
are specific to the Xen hypervisor:
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
.TP
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
.I domain
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
displays the contents of the domain structure for selected, or all, domains.
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
.TP
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
.I doms
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
displays domain status for selected, or all, domains.
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
.TP
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
.I dumpinfo
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
displays Xen dump information for selected, or all, cpus.
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
.TP
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
.I pcpus
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
displays physical cpu information for selected, or all, cpus.
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
.TP
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
.I vcpus
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
displays vcpu status for selected, or all, vcpus.
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
.SH FILES
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
.TP
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
.I .crashrc
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
Initialization commands. The file can be located in the user's
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
.B HOME
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
directory and/or the current directory. Commands found in the
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
.I .crashrc
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
file in the
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
.B HOME
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
directory are executed before those in the current directory's
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
.I .crashrc
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
file.
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
.SH ENVIRONMENT
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
.TP
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
.B EDITOR
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
Command input is read using
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
.BR readline(3).
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
If
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
.B EDITOR
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
is set to
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
.I emacs
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
or
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
.I vi
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
then suitable keybindings are used. If
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
.B EDITOR
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
is not set, then
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
.I vi
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
is used. This can be overridden by
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
.B set vi
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
or
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
.B set emacs
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
commands located in a
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
.IR .crashrc
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
file, or by entering
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
.B -e emacs
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
on the
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
.B crash
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
command line.
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
.TP
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
.B CRASHPAGER
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
If
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
.B CRASHPAGER
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
is set, its value is used as the name of the program to which command output will be sent.
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
If not, then command output is sent to
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
.B /usr/bin/less -E -X
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
by default.
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
.TP
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
.B CRASH_MODULE_PATH
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
Specifies an alternative directory tree to search for kernel module
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
object files.
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
.TP
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
.B CRASH_EXTENSIONS
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
Specifies a directory containing extension modules that will be loaded
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
automatically if the
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
.B -x
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
command line option is used.
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
.SH NOTES
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
.PP
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
If
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
.B crash
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
does not work, look for a newer version: kernel evolution frequently makes
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
.B crash
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
updates necessary.
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
.PP
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
The command
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
.B set scroll off
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
will cause output to be sent directly to
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
the terminal rather than through a paging program. This is useful,
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
for example, if you are running
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
.B crash
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
in a window of
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
.BR emacs .
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
.SH AUTHOR
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
Dave Anderson <anderson@redhat.com> wrote
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
.B crash.
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
.TP
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
Jay Fenlason <fenlason@redhat.com> and Dave Anderson <anderson@redhat.com> wrote this man page.
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
.SH "SEE ALSO"
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
.PP
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
The
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
.I help
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
command within
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
.B crash
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
provides more complete and accurate documentation than this man page.
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
.PP
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
.I http://people.redhat.com/anderson
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
- the home page of the
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
.B crash
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
utility.
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
.PP
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
.BR netdump (8),
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
.BR gdb (1),
|
|
Packit Service |
501009 |
.BR makedumpfile(8)
|