.\" $Id: tiffcrop.1,v 1.1.2.4 2010-06-11 22:24:23 bfriesen Exp $

.\" tiffcrop -- a port of tiffcp.c extended to include extended processing of images

.\" 

.\" Original code:

.\" 

.\" Copyright (c) 1988-1997 Sam Leffler

.\" Copyright (c) 1991-1997 Silicon Graphics, Inc.

.\" 

.\" Permission to use, copy, modify, distribute, and sell this software and 

.\" its documentation for any purpose is hereby granted without fee, provided

.\" that (i) the above copyright notices and this permission notice appear in

.\" all copies of the software and related documentation, and (ii) the names of

.\" Sam Leffler and Silicon Graphics may not be used in any advertising or

.\" publicity relating to the software without the specific, prior written

.\" permission of Sam Leffler and Silicon Graphics.

.\" 

.\" THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS-IS" AND WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, 

.\" EXPRESS, IMPLIED OR OTHERWISE, INCLUDING WITHOUT LIMITATION, ANY 

.\" WARRANTY OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  

.\" 

.\" IN NO EVENT SHALL SAM LEFFLER OR SILICON GRAPHICS BE LIABLE FOR

.\" ANY SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL, INDIRECT OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OF ANY KIND,

.\" OR ANY DAMAGES WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS,

.\" WHETHER OR NOT ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF DAMAGE, AND ON ANY THEORY OF 

.\" LIABILITY, ARISING OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR PERFORMANCE 

.\" OF THIS SOFTWARE.

.\" 

.\" Additional code Copyright (c) 2006-2009 Richard Nolde 

.\" Lasted Updated 9/2009

.\" .if n .po 0

.TH "TIFFCROP" "1" "December, 2008" "libtiff" ""

.SH "NAME"

tiffcrop \- select, copy, crop, convert, extract, and/or process one or more

.SM TIFF

files.

.SH "SYNOPSIS"

.B tiffcrop

[

.I options

]

.I "src1.tif ... srcN.tif dst.tif"

.SH "DESCRIPTION"

.I Tiffcrop

processes one or more files created according

to the Tag Image File Format, Revision 6.0, specification

into one or more

.SM TIFF

file(s).

.I Tiffcrop

is most often used to extract portions of an image for processing 

with bar code recognizer or OCR software when that software cannot 

restrict the region of interest to a specific portion of the image 

or to improve efficiency when the regions of interest must be rotated.

It can also be used to subdivide all or part of a processed image into 

smaller sections and export individual images or sections of images

as separate files or separate images within one or more files derived

from the original input image or images.

.PP 

The available functions can be grouped broadly into three classes:

.IP 

Those that select individual images or sections of images from the input files.

The options \-N for sequences or lists of individual images in the input files,

\-Z for zones, \-z for regions, \-X and \-Y for fixed sized selections,

\-m for margins, \-U for units, and \-E for edge reference provide a variety of 

ways to specify portions of the input image.

.IP 

Those that allow the individual images or selections to be exported to one or

more output files in different groupings and control the organization of the 

data in the output images. The options \-P for page size grouping, \-S for 

subdivision into columns and rows and \-e for export mode options that produce

one or more files from each input image. The options \-r, \-s, \-t, \-w  control 

strip and tile format and sizes while \-B \-L \-c \-f modify the endian addressing

scheme, the compression options, and the bit fill sequence of images as they

are written.

.IP 

Those that perform some action on each image that is selected from the input file.

The options include \-R for rotate, \-I for inversion of the photometric 

interpretation and/or data values, and \-F to flip (mirror) the image horizontally

or vertically.

.PP 

Functions are applied to the input image(s) in the following order:

cropping, fixed area extraction, zone and region extraction, 

inversion, mirroring, rotation.

.PP 

Functions are applied to the output image(s) in the following order:

export mode options for grouping zones, regions, or images into

one or more files,

.I or

row and column divisions with output margins,

.I or

page size divisions with page orientation options.

.PP 

Finally, strip, tile, byte order, output resolution, and compression options are 

applied to all output images.

.PP 

The output file(s) may be organized and compressed using a different

algorithm from the input files.

By default, 

.I tiffcrop

will copy all the understood tags in a

.SM TIFF

directory of an input file to the associated directory in the output file.

Options can be used to force the resultant image to be written as strips 

or tiles of data, respectively.

.PP 

.I Tiffcrop

can be used to reorganize the storage characteristics of data

in a file, and to reorganize, extract, rotate, and otherwise

process the image data as specified at the same time whereas 

tiffcp does not alter the image data within the file. 

.PP 

Using the options for selecting individual input images and the 

options for exporting images and/or segments defined as zones or

regions of each input image,

.I tiffcrop

can perform the functions of tiffcp and tiffsplit in a single pass

while applying multiple operations to individual selections or images.

.PP 

.SH "OPTIONS"

.TP 

.B \-h

Display the syntax summary for tiffcrop.

.TP 

.B \-v

Report the current version and last modification date for tiffcrop.

.TP 

.B \-N odd|even|#,#\-#,#|last

Specify one or more series or range(s) of images within each file to process.

The words

.B odd

or

.B even

may be used to specify all odd or even numbered images counting from one.

Note that internally, TIFF images are numbered from zero rather than one

but since this convention is not obvious to most users, tiffcrop used 1

to specifiy the first image in a multipage file.  The word

.B last 

may be used in place of a number in the sequence to indicate the 

final image in the file without knowing how many images there are.

Ranges of images may be specified with a dash and multiple sets

can be indicated by joining them in a comma\-separated list. eg. use

.B \-N 1,5\-7,last 

to process the 1st, 5th through 7th, and final image in the file.

.TP 

.B \-E top|bottom|left|right

Specify the top, bottom, left, or right edge as the reference from

which to calcuate the width and length of crop regions or sequence

of postions for zones. When used with the \-e option for exporting

zones or regions, the reference edge determines how composite images

are arranged. Using \-E left or right causes successive zones or 

regions to be merged horizontally whereas using \-E top or bottom

causes successive zones or regions to be arranged vertically. This 

option has no effect on export layout when multiple zones or regions

are not being exported to composite images. Edges may be abbreviated

to the first letter.

.TP 

.B \-e combined|divided|image|multiple|separate

Specify the export mode for images and selections from input images.

The final filename on the command line is considered to be the 

destination file or filename stem for automatically generated 

sequences of files. Modes may be abbreviated to the first letter.

.IP 

combined   All images and selections are written to a single file with

multiple selections from one image combined into a single image (default)

.IP 

divided    All images and selections are written to a single file

with each selection from one image written to a new image

.IP 

image      Each input image is written to a new file (numeric filename sequence)

with multiple selections from the image combined into one image

.IP 

multiple   Each input image is written to a new file (numeric filename sequence)

with each selection from the image written to a new image

.IP 

separate   Individual selections from each image are written to separate files

.TP 

.B \-U in|cm|px

Specify the type of units to apply to dimensions for margins and 

crop regions for input and output images. Inches or centimeters 

are converted to pixels using the resolution unit specified in the 

TIFF file (which defaults to inches if not specified in the IFD).

.TP 

.B \-m #,#,#,#

Specify margins to be removed from the input image. The order must 

be top, left, bottom, right with only commas separating the elements 

of the list. Margins are scaled according to the current units and 

removed before any other extractions are computed..

.TP 

.B \-X #

Set the horizontal (X\-axis) dimension of a region to extract relative to 

the specified origin reference. If the origin is the top or bottom

edge, the X axis value will be assumed to start at the left edge.

.TP 

.B \-Y #

Set the vertical (Y\-axis) dimension of a region to extract relative to

the specified origin reference. If the origin is the left or right

edge, the Y axis value will be assumed to start at the top.

.TP 

.B \-Z  #:#,#:#  

Specify zones of the image designated as position X of Y equal sized portions

measured from the reference edge,  eg 1:3 would be first third of the

image starting from the reference edge minus any margins specified

for the confining edges. Multiple zones can be specified as a comma

separated list but they must reference the same edge. To extract the

top quarter and the bottom third of an image you would use 

.B \-Z 1:4,3:3.

.TP 

.B \-z x1,y1,x2,y2: ... :xN,yN,xN+1,yN+1 

Specify a series of coordinates to define regions for processing and exporting.

The coordinates represent the top left and lower right corners of each region 

in the current units, eg inch, cm, or pixels. Pixels are counted from one to 

width or height and inches or cm are calculated from image resolution data.

Each colon delimited series of four values represents the horizontal and vertical 

offsets from the top and left edges of the image, regardless of the edge specified

with the \-E option. The first and third values represent the horizontal offsets of 

the corner points from the left edge while the second and fourth values represent 

the vertical offsets from the top edge.

.TP 

.B \-F horiz|vert

Flip, ie mirror, the image or extracted region horizontally or vertically.

.TP 

.B \-R 90|180|270

Rotate the image or extracted region 90, 180, or 270 degrees clockwise.

.TP 

.B \\-I [black|white|data|both]

Invert color space, eg dark to light for bilevel and grayscale images.

This can be used to modify negative images to positive or to correct

images that have the PHOTOMETRIC_INTERPRETATIN tag set incorrectly.

If the value is black or white, the PHOTOMETRIC_INTERPRETATION tag is set to 

MinIsBlack or MinIsWhite, without altering the image data. If the argument 

is data or both, the data values of the image are modified. Specifying both 

inverts the data and the PHOTOMETRIC_INTERPRETATION tag, whereas using data

inverts the data but not the PHOTOMETRIC_INTERPRETATION tag.

No support for modifying the color space of color images in this release.

.TP 

.B \-H #

Set the horizontal resolution of output images to #

expressed in the current units.

.TP 

.B \-V #

Set the vertical resolution of the output images to #

expressed in the current units.

.TP 

.B \-J #

Set the horizontal margin of an output page size to #

expressed in the current units when sectioning image into columns x rows

subimages using the \-S cols:rows option.

.TP 

.B \-K #

Set the vertical margin of an output page size to # 

expressed in the current units when sectioning image into columns x rows

submiages using the \-S cols:rows option.

.TP

.B \-O portrait|landscape|auto

Set the output orientation of the pages or sections.

Auto will use the arrangement that requires the fewest pages.

This option is only meaningful in conjunction with the -P

option to format an image to fit on a specific paper size.

.TP 

.B \-P page

Format the output images to fit on page size paper. Use

\-P list to show the supported page sizes and dimensions.

You can define a custom page size by entering the width and length of the

page in the current units with the following format #.#x#.#.

.TP 

.B \-S cols:rows

Divide each image into cols across and rows down equal sections.

.TP 

.B \-B

Force output to be written with Big\-Endian byte order.

This option only has an effect when the output file is created or

overwritten and not when it is appended to.

.TP 

.B \-C

Suppress the use of ``strip chopping'' when reading images

that have a single strip/tile of uncompressed data.

.TP 

.B \-c

Specify the compression to use for data written to the output file:

.B none 

for no compression,

.B packbits

for PackBits compression,

.B lzw

for Lempel\-Ziv & Welch compression,

.B jpeg 

for baseline JPEG compression.

.B zip

for Deflate compression,

.B g3

for CCITT Group 3 (T.4) compression,

and

.B g4

for CCITT Group 4 (T.6) compression.

By default

.I tiffcrop

will compress data according to the value of the

.I Compression

tag found in the source file.

.IP 

The

.SM CCITT

Group 3 and Group 4 compression algorithms can only

be used with bilevel data.

.IP 

Group 3 compression can be specified together with several

T.4\-specific options:

.B 1d

for 1\-dimensional encoding,

.B 2d

for 2\-dimensional encoding,

and

.B fill

to force each encoded scanline to be zero\-filled so that the

terminating EOL code lies on a byte boundary.

Group 3\-specific options are specified by appending a ``:''\-separated

list to the ``g3'' option; e.g.

.B "\-c g3:2d:fill"

to get 2D\-encoded data with byte\-aligned EOL codes.

.IP 

.SM LZW

compression can be specified together with a 

.I predictor

value.

A predictor value of 2 causes

each scanline of the output image to undergo horizontal

differencing before it is encoded; a value

of 1 forces each scanline to be encoded without differencing.

LZW\-specific options are specified by appending a ``:''\-separated

list to the ``lzw'' option; e.g.

.B "\-c lzw:2"

for

.SM LZW

compression with horizontal differencing.

.TP 

.B \-f

Specify the bit fill order to use in writing output data.

By default,

.I tiffcrop

will create a new file with the same fill order as the original.

Specifying

.B "\-f lsb2msb"

will force data to be written with the FillOrder tag set to

.SM LSB2MSB,

while

.B "\-f msb2lsb"

will force data to be written with the FillOrder tag set to

.SM MSB2LSB.

.TP 

.B \-i

Ignore non\-fatal read errors and continue processing of the input file.

.TP 

.B \-l

Specify the length of a tile (in pixels).

.I Tiffcrop

attempts to set the tile dimensions so

that no more than 8 kilobytes of data appear in a tile.

.TP 

.B \-L

Force output to be written with Little\-Endian byte order.

This option only has an effect when the output file is created or

overwritten and not when it is appended to.

.TP 

.B \-M

Suppress the use of memory\-mapped files when reading images.

.TP 

.B \-p

Specify the planar configuration to use in writing image data

that has more than one sample per pixel.

By default,

.I tiffcrop

will create a new file with the same planar configuration as

the original.

Specifying

.B "\-p contig"

will force data to be written with multi\-sample data packed

together, while

.B "\-p separate"

will force samples to be written in separate planes.

.TP 

.B \-r

Specify the number of rows (scanlines) in each strip of data

written to the output file.

By default (or when value

.B 0

is specified),

.I tiffcrop

attempts to set the rows/strip that no more than 8 kilobytes of 

data appear in a strip. If you specify the special value

.B \-1

it will results in infinite number of the rows per strip. The entire image

will be the one strip in that case.

.TP 

.B \-s

Force the output file to be written with data organized in strips

(rather than tiles).

.TP 

.B \-t

Force the output file to be written with data organized in tiles

(rather than strips).

.TP 

.B \-w

Specify the width of a tile (in pixels).

.I tiffcrop

attempts to set the tile dimensions so

that no more than 8 kilobytes of data appear in a tile.

.I tiffcrop

attempts to set the tile dimensions so

that no more than 8 kilobytes of data appear in a tile.

.TP

Debug and dump facility

.B \-D opt1:value1,opt2:value2,opt3:value3:opt4:value4

Display program progress and/or dump raw data to non\-TIFF files.

Options include the following and must be joined as a comma

separated list. The use of this option is generally limited to

program debugging and development of future options. An equal sign

may be substituted for the colon in option:value pairs.

.IP

debug:N         Display limited program progress indicators where larger N

increase the level of detail.

.IP

format:txt|raw  Format any logged data as ASCII text or raw binary 

values. ASCII text dumps include strings of ones and zeroes representing

the binary values in the image data plus identifying headers.

.IP

level:N         Specify the level of detail presented in the dump files.

This can vary from dumps of the entire input or output image data to dumps

of data processed by specific functions. Current range of levels is 1 to 3.

.IP

input:full\-path\-to\-directory/input\-dumpname

.IP

output:full\-path\-to\-directory/output\-dumpname

.IP

When dump files are being written, each image will be written to a separate

file with the name built by adding a numeric sequence value to the dumpname

and an extension of .txt for ASCII dumps or .bin for binary dumps.

The four debug/dump options are independent, though it makes little sense to

specify a dump file without specifying a detail level.

.IP

Note: Tiffcrop may be compiled with -DDEVELMODE to enable additional very

 low level debug reporting.

.SH "EXAMPLES"

The following concatenates two files and writes the result using 

.SM LZW

encoding:

.RS

.nf 

tiffcrop \-c lzw a.tif b.tif result.tif

.fi 

.RE

.PP 

To convert a G3 1d\-encoded 

.SM TIFF

to a single strip of G4\-encoded data the following might be used:

.RS

.nf 

tiffcrop \-c g4 \-r 10000 g3.tif g4.tif

.fi 

.RE

(1000 is just a number that is larger than the number of rows in

the source file.)

To extract a selected set of images from a multi\-image TIFF file 

use the \-N option described above. Thus, to copy the 1st and 3rd

images of image file "album.tif" to "result.tif":

.RS

.nf 

tiffcrop \-N 1,3 album.tif result.tif

.fi 

.RE

.PP 

Invert a bilevel image scan of a microfilmed document and crop off margins of

0.25 inches on the left and right, 0.5 inch on the top, and 0.75 inch on the

bottom. From the remaining portion of the image, select the second and third

quarters, ie, one half of the area left from the center to each margin. 

.RS

tiffcrop \-U in \-m 0.5,0.25,0.75,0.25 \-E left \-Z 2:4,3:4 \-I both MicrofilmNegative.tif MicrofilmPostiveCenter.tif

.fi 

.RE

.PP 

Extract only the final image of a large Architectural E sized 

multipage TIFF file and rotate it 90 degrees clockwise while 

reformatting the output to fit on tabloid sized sheets with one 

quarter of an inch on each side:

.RS

tiffcrop \-N last \-R 90 \-O auto \-P tabloid \-U in \-J 0.25 \-K 0.25 \-H 300 \-V 300 Big\-PlatMap.tif BigPlatMap\-Tabloid.tif 

.fi 

.RE

The output images will have a specified resolution of 300 dpi in both

directions. The orientation of each page will be determined by whichever

choice requires the fewest pages. To specify a specific orientation, use

the portrait or landscape option. The paper size option does not resample

the image. It breaks each original image into a series of smaller images

that will fit on the target paper size at the specified resolution.

.fi 

.RE

.PP 

Extract two regions 2048 pixels wide by 2048 pixels high from each page of

a multi\-page input file and write each region to a separate output file.

.RS

tiffcrop \-U px \-z 1,1,2048,2048:1,2049,2048,4097 \-e separate  CheckScans.tiff Check

.fi 

.RE

The output file names will use the stem Check with a numeric suffix which is

incremented for each region of each image, eg Check\-001.tiff, Check\-002.tiff ...

Check\-NNN.tiff. To produce a unique file for each page of the input image

with one new image for each region of the input image on that page, change

the export option to \-e multiple.

.SH "NOTES"

.PP 

In general, bilevel, grayscale, palette and RGB(A) data with bit depths

from 1 to 32 bits should work in both interleaved and separate plane

formats. Unlike tiffcp, tiffcrop can read and write tiled images with

bits per sample that are not a multiple of 8 in both interleaved and

separate planar format. Floating point data types are supported at 

bit depts of 16, 24, 32 and 64 bits per sample. 

.PP

Not all images can be converted from one compression scheme to another.

Data with some photometric interpretations and/or bit depths are tied to 

specific compression schemes and vice-versa, e.g. Group 3/4 compression

is only usable for bilevel data. JPEG compression is only useable on 8

bit per sample data (or 12 bit if 

.I LibTIFF

was compiled with 12 bit JPEG support). Support for OJPEG compressed 

images is problematic at best. Since OJPEG compression is no longer 

supported for writing images with LibTIFF, these images will be updated

to the newer JPEG compression when they are copied or processed. This

may cause the image to appear color shifted or distorted after conversion.

In some cases, it is possible to remove the original compression from 

image data using the option -cnone.

.PP

Tiffcrop does not currently provide options to up or downsample data to 

different bit depths or convert data from one photometric interpretation 

to another, e.g. 16 bits per sample to 8 bits per sample or RGB to grayscale. 

.PP

Tiffcrop is very loosely derived from code in

.I tiffcp

with extensive modifications and additions to support the selection of input 

images and regions and the exporting of them to one or more output files in 

various groupings. The image manipulation routines are entirely new and 

additional ones may be added in the future. It will handle tiled images with 

bit depths that are not a multiple of eight that tiffcp may refuse to read.

.PP 

.I Tiffcrop

was designed to handle large files containing many moderate sized images 

with memory usage that is independent of the number of images in the file. 

In order to support compression modes that are not based on individual 

scanlines, e.g. JPEG, it now reads images by strip or tile rather than by 

indvidual scanlines. In addition to the memory required by the input and 

output buffers associated with

.I LibTIFF

one or more buffers at least as large as the largest image to be read are

required. The design favors large volume document processing uses over 

scientific or graphical manipulation of large datasets as might be found 

in research or remote sensing scenarios.

.SH "SEE ALSO"

.BR pal2rgb (1),

.BR tiffinfo (1),

.BR tiffcmp (1),

.BR tiffcp (1),

.BR tiffmedian (1),

.BR tiffsplit (1),

.BR libtiff (3TIFF)

.PP 

Libtiff library home page:

.BR http://www.remotesensing.org/libtiff/