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 - Copyright (C) 2000-2020 Internet Systems Consortium, Inc. ("ISC")
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 -
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 - This Source Code Form is subject to the terms of the Mozilla Public
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 - License, v. 2.0. If a copy of the MPL was not distributed with this
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 - file, You can obtain one at http://mozilla.org/MPL/2.0/.
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-->
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<html lang="en">
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<head>
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<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1">
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<title>named</title>
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<link rel="home" href="Bv9ARM.html" title="BIND 9 Administrator Reference Manual">
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<link rel="up" href="Bv9ARM.ch13.html" title="Manual pages">
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<body bgcolor="white" text="black" link="#0000FF" vlink="#840084" alink="#0000FF">
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named
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Prev 
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Manual pages
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 Next
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Name
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    named
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     — Internet domain name server
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Synopsis
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      named
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       [
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	[-4]
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	 |  [-6]
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      ]
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       [-c config-file]
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       [-d debug-level]
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       [-D string]
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       [-E engine-name]
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       [-f]
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       [-g]
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       [-L logfile]
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       [-M option]
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       [-m flag]
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       [-n #cpus]
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       [-p port]
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       [-s]
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       [-S #max-socks]
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       [-t directory]
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       [-U #listeners]
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       [-u user]
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       [-v]
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       [-V]
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       [-X lock-file]
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       [-x cache-file]
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DESCRIPTION
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named
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      is a Domain Name System (DNS) server,
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      part of the BIND 9 distribution from ISC.  For more
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      information on the DNS, see RFCs 1033, 1034, and 1035.
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      When invoked without arguments, named
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      will
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      read the default configuration file
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      /etc/named.conf, read any initial
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      data, and listen for queries.
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OPTIONS
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-4
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            Use IPv4 only even if the host machine is capable of IPv6.
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            -4 and -6 are mutually
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            exclusive.
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-6
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            Use IPv6 only even if the host machine is capable of IPv4.
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            -4 and -6 are mutually
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            exclusive.
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-c config-file
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            Use config-file as the
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            configuration file instead of the default,
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            /etc/named.conf.  To
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            ensure that reloading the configuration file continues
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            to work after the server has changed its working
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            directory due to to a possible
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            directory option in the configuration
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            file, config-file should be
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            an absolute pathname.
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-d debug-level
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            Set the daemon's debug level to debug-level.
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            Debugging traces from named become
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            more verbose as the debug level increases.
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-D string
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            Specifies a string that is used to identify a instance of
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            named in a process listing.  The contents
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            of string are
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            not examined.
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-E engine-name
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            When applicable, specifies the hardware to use for
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            cryptographic operations, such as a secure key store used
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            for signing.
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            When BIND is built with OpenSSL PKCS#11 support, this defaults
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            to the string "pkcs11", which identifies an OpenSSL engine
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            that can drive a cryptographic accelerator or hardware service
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            module.  When BIND is built with native PKCS#11 cryptography
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            (--enable-native-pkcs11), it defaults to the path of the PKCS#11
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            provider library specified via "--with-pkcs11".
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-f
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            Run the server in the foreground (i.e. do not daemonize).
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-g
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            Run the server in the foreground and force all logging
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            to stderr.
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-L logfile
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            Log to the file logfile by default
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            instead of the system log.
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-M option
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            Sets the default memory context options.  Currently
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            the only supported option is
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            external,
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            which causes the internal memory manager to be bypassed
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            in favor of system-provided memory allocation functions.
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-m flag
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            Turn on memory usage debugging flags.  Possible flags are
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            usage,
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            trace,
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            record,
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            size, and
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            mctx.
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            These correspond to the ISC_MEM_DEBUGXXXX flags described in
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            <isc/mem.h>.
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-n #cpus
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            Create #cpus worker threads
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            to take advantage of multiple CPUs.  If not specified,
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            named will try to determine the
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            number of CPUs present and create one thread per CPU.
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            If it is unable to determine the number of CPUs, a
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            single worker thread will be created.
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-p port
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            Listen for queries on port port.  If not
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            specified, the default is port 53.
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-s
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            Write memory usage statistics to stdout on exit.
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Note
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              This option is mainly of interest to BIND 9 developers
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              and may be removed or changed in a future release.
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-S #max-socks
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            Allow named to use up to
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            #max-socks sockets.
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            The default value is 4096 on systems built with default
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            configuration options, and 21000 on systems built with
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            "configure --with-tuning=large".
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Warning
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              This option should be unnecessary for the vast majority
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              of users.
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              The use of this option could even be harmful because the
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              specified value may exceed the limitation of the
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              underlying system API.
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              It is therefore set only when the default configuration
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              causes exhaustion of file descriptors and the
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              operational environment is known to support the
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              specified number of sockets.
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              Note also that the actual maximum number is normally a little
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              fewer than the specified value because
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              named reserves some file descriptors
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              for its internal use.
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-t directory
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Chroot
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            to directory after
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            processing the command line arguments, but before
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            reading the configuration file.
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Warning
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              This option should be used in conjunction with the
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              -u option, as chrooting a process
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              running as root doesn't enhance security on most
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              systems; the way chroot(2) is
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              defined allows a process with root privileges to
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              escape a chroot jail.
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-U #listeners
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            Use #listeners
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            worker threads to listen for incoming UDP packets on each
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            address.  If not specified, named will
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            calculate a default value based on the number of detected
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            CPUs: 1 for 1 CPU, and the number of detected CPUs
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            minus one for machines with more than 1 CPU. This cannot
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            be increased to a value higher than the number of CPUs.
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            If -n has been set to a higher value than
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            the number of detected CPUs, then -U may
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            be increased as high as that value, but no higher.
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            On Windows, the number of UDP listeners is hardwired to 1
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            and this option has no effect.
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-u user
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Setuid
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            to user after completing
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            privileged operations, such as creating sockets that
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            listen on privileged ports.
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Note
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              On Linux, named uses the kernel's
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                        capability mechanism to drop all root privileges
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              except the ability to bind(2) to
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              a
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              privileged port and set process resource limits.
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              Unfortunately, this means that the -u
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              option only works when named is
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              run
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              on kernel 2.2.18 or later, or kernel 2.3.99-pre3 or
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              later, since previous kernels did not allow privileges
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              to be retained after setuid(2).
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-v
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            Report the version number and exit.
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-V
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            Report the version number and build options, and exit.
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-X lock-file
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            Acquire a lock on the specified file at runtime; this
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            helps to prevent duplicate named instances
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            from running simultaneously.
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            Use of this option overrides the lock-file
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            option in named.conf.
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            If set to none, the lock file check
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            is disabled.
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-x cache-file
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            Load data from cache-file into the
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            cache of the default view.
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Warning
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              This option must not be used.  It is only of interest
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              to BIND 9 developers and may be removed or changed in a
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              future release.
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SIGNALS
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      In routine operation, signals should not be used to control
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      the nameserver; rndc should be used
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      instead.
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SIGHUP
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            Force a reload of the server.
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SIGINT, SIGTERM
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            Shut down the server.
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      The result of sending any other signals to the server is undefined.
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CONFIGURATION
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      The named configuration file is too complex
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      to describe in detail here.  A complete description is provided
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      in the
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      BIND 9 Administrator Reference Manual.
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      named inherits the umask
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      (file creation mode mask) from the parent process. If files
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      created by named, such as journal files,
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      need to have custom permissions, the umask
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      should be set explicitly in the script used to start the
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      named process.
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FILES
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/etc/named.conf
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            The default configuration file.
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/var/run/named/named.pid
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            The default process-id file.
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SEE ALSO
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RFC 1033,
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      RFC 1034,
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      RFC 1035,
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        named-checkconf
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        (8)
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      ,
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        named-checkzone
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        (8)
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      ,
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        rndc
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        (8)
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      ,
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        lwresd
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        (8)
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      ,
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        named.conf
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        (5)
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      ,
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      BIND 9 Administrator Reference Manual.
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Up
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 Next
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lwresd 
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Home
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 named.conf
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BIND 9.11.20 (Extended Support Version)
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