cdef sorteditems(d):

    l = list(d.items())

    l.sort()

    return tuple(l)

def spam(x, y, z):

    """

    >>> spam(1,2,3)

    (1, 2, 3)

    >>> spam(1,2)

    Traceback (most recent call last):

    TypeError: spam() takes exactly 3 positional arguments (2 given)

    >>> spam(1,2,3,4)

    Traceback (most recent call last):

    TypeError: spam() takes exactly 3 positional arguments (4 given)

    >>> spam(1,2,3, a=1)

    Traceback (most recent call last):

    TypeError: spam() got an unexpected keyword argument 'a'

    """

    return (x, y, z)

def grail(x, y, z, *a):

    """

    >>> grail(1,2,3)

    (1, 2, 3, ())

    >>> grail(1,2,3,4)

    (1, 2, 3, (4,))

    >>> grail(1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9)

    (1, 2, 3, (4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9))

    >>> grail(1,2)

    Traceback (most recent call last):

    TypeError: grail() takes at least 3 positional arguments (2 given)

    >>> grail(1,2,3, a=1)

    Traceback (most recent call last):

    TypeError: grail() got an unexpected keyword argument 'a'

    """

    return (x, y, z, a)

def swallow(x, y, z, **k):

    """

    >>> swallow(1,2,3)

    (1, 2, 3, ())

    >>> swallow(1,2,3,4)

    Traceback (most recent call last):

    TypeError: swallow() takes exactly 3 positional arguments (4 given)

    >>> swallow(1,2,3, a=1, b=2)

    (1, 2, 3, (('a', 1), ('b', 2)))

    >>> swallow(1,2,3, x=1)

    Traceback (most recent call last):

    TypeError: swallow() got multiple values for keyword argument 'x'

    """

    return (x, y, z, sorteditems(k))

def creosote(x, y, z, *a, **k):

    """

    >>> creosote(1,2,3)

    (1, 2, 3, (), ())

    >>> creosote(1,2,3,4)

    (1, 2, 3, (4,), ())

    >>> creosote(1,2,3, a=1)

    (1, 2, 3, (), (('a', 1),))

    >>> creosote(1,2,3,4, a=1, b=2)

    (1, 2, 3, (4,), (('a', 1), ('b', 2)))

    >>> creosote(1,2,3,4, x=1)

    Traceback (most recent call last):

    TypeError: creosote() got multiple values for keyword argument 'x'

    """

    return (x, y, z, a, sorteditems(k))

def onlyt(*a):

    """

    >>> onlyt(1)

    (1,)

    >>> onlyt(1,2)

    (1, 2)

    >>> onlyt(a=1)

    Traceback (most recent call last):

    TypeError: onlyt() got an unexpected keyword argument 'a'

    >>> onlyt(1, a=2)

    Traceback (most recent call last):

    TypeError: onlyt() got an unexpected keyword argument 'a'

    """

    return a

def onlyk(**k):

    """

    >>> onlyk(a=1)

    (('a', 1),)

    >>> onlyk(a=1, b=2)

    (('a', 1), ('b', 2))

    >>> onlyk(1)

    Traceback (most recent call last):

    TypeError: onlyk() takes exactly 0 positional arguments (1 given)

    >>> onlyk(1, 2)

    Traceback (most recent call last):

    TypeError: onlyk() takes exactly 0 positional arguments (2 given)

    >>> onlyk(1, a=1, b=2)

    Traceback (most recent call last):

    TypeError: onlyk() takes exactly 0 positional arguments (1 given)

    """

    return sorteditems(k)

def tk(*a, **k):

    """

    >>> tk(a=1)

    (('a', 1),)

    >>> tk(a=1, b=2)

    (('a', 1), ('b', 2))

    >>> tk(1)

    (1,)

    >>> tk(1, 2)

    (1, 2)

    >>> tk(1, a=1, b=2)

    (1, ('a', 1), ('b', 2))

    """

    return a + sorteditems(k)